Macrophages are dominant innate immune cells.They demonstrate remarkable het-erogeneity and plasticity that are essential for homeostasis and host defense.The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages is shaped by the ontog...Macrophages are dominant innate immune cells.They demonstrate remarkable het-erogeneity and plasticity that are essential for homeostasis and host defense.The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages is shaped by the ontogeny,tissue factors,and environmental signals,a pattern in a tissue-associated latitudinal manner.At the same time,macrophages have long been considered as mainly plastic cells.These cells respond to stimulation quickly and in a stimulus-specific way by utilizing a longitudinal cascaded activation,including coordination of signal trans-ducer,epigenetic elements,and transcription factors,conclusively determine the macrophage phenotypes and functions.With the development of cutting-edge technologies,such as fate-mapping,single-cell transcriptomics,ipsc platform,nanotherapeutic materials,etc.,our under-standing of macrophage biology and the roles in the pathogenesis of diseases is much advanced.This review summarizes recent progress on the latitudinal and longitudinal regulation of tissue macrophages in inflammatory diseases.The latitudinal regulation covers the tissue macrophage or-igins,tissue factors,and environmental signals,reflecting the macrophage heterogeneity.The lon-gitudinal regulation focuses on how multiple factors shape the phenotypes and functions of macrophage subsets to gain plasticity in inflammatory diseases(i.e.,inflammatory bowel disease).In addition,how to target macrophages as a potential therapeutic approach and cutting edge-technologies for tissue macrophage study are also discussed in this review.展开更多
A new hierarchical software architecture is proposed to improve the safety and reliability of a safetycritical drone system from the perspective of its source code. The proposed architecture uses formal verification m...A new hierarchical software architecture is proposed to improve the safety and reliability of a safetycritical drone system from the perspective of its source code. The proposed architecture uses formal verification methods to ensure that the implementation of each module satisfies its expected design specification, so that it prevents a drone from crashing due to unexpected software failures. This study builds on top of a formally verified operating system kernel, certified kit operating system(CertiKOS). Since device drivers are considered the most important parts affecting the safety of the drone system, we focus mainly on verifying bus drivers such as the serial peripheral interface and the inter-integrated circuit drivers in a drone system using a rigorous formal verification method. Experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the improvement in reliability in case of device anomalies.展开更多
This paper proposes a method to model hydrocarbon reforming by coupling detailed chemical kinetics with complex computational fluid dynamics. The entire chemistry of catalyzed reactions was confined within the geometr...This paper proposes a method to model hydrocarbon reforming by coupling detailed chemical kinetics with complex computational fluid dynamics. The entire chemistry of catalyzed reactions was confined within the geometrically simple channels and modeled using the low-dimensional plug model, into which the interactive thermal control of the multi-channel reforming reactor has been implemented with a tail-gas combustor around the external surface of these catalytic channels. The geomet- rically complex flow in the tail gas combustor was simu- lated using FLUENT without involving any chemical reactions. The influences of the conditions at the reactor inlet such as the inlet gas velocity, the inlet gas composi- tion and the variety of hydrocarbons of each channel on gas conversions were investigated numerically. The impact of the tail gas combustor setup on the efficiency of the reforming reactor was also analyzed. Methane catalytic partial oxidation （CPOx） and propane steam reforming （SR） were used to illustrate the approach reported in the present work.展开更多
基金funded by US National Institutes of Health(NIH)-NIAID R21AI151943.
文摘Macrophages are dominant innate immune cells.They demonstrate remarkable het-erogeneity and plasticity that are essential for homeostasis and host defense.The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages is shaped by the ontogeny,tissue factors,and environmental signals,a pattern in a tissue-associated latitudinal manner.At the same time,macrophages have long been considered as mainly plastic cells.These cells respond to stimulation quickly and in a stimulus-specific way by utilizing a longitudinal cascaded activation,including coordination of signal trans-ducer,epigenetic elements,and transcription factors,conclusively determine the macrophage phenotypes and functions.With the development of cutting-edge technologies,such as fate-mapping,single-cell transcriptomics,ipsc platform,nanotherapeutic materials,etc.,our under-standing of macrophage biology and the roles in the pathogenesis of diseases is much advanced.This review summarizes recent progress on the latitudinal and longitudinal regulation of tissue macrophages in inflammatory diseases.The latitudinal regulation covers the tissue macrophage or-igins,tissue factors,and environmental signals,reflecting the macrophage heterogeneity.The lon-gitudinal regulation focuses on how multiple factors shape the phenotypes and functions of macrophage subsets to gain plasticity in inflammatory diseases(i.e.,inflammatory bowel disease).In addition,how to target macrophages as a potential therapeutic approach and cutting edge-technologies for tissue macrophage study are also discussed in this review.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91648012)Shenzhen Science,Technology,and Innovation Comission,China(No.JCYJ20160401100022706)
文摘A new hierarchical software architecture is proposed to improve the safety and reliability of a safetycritical drone system from the perspective of its source code. The proposed architecture uses formal verification methods to ensure that the implementation of each module satisfies its expected design specification, so that it prevents a drone from crashing due to unexpected software failures. This study builds on top of a formally verified operating system kernel, certified kit operating system(CertiKOS). Since device drivers are considered the most important parts affecting the safety of the drone system, we focus mainly on verifying bus drivers such as the serial peripheral interface and the inter-integrated circuit drivers in a drone system using a rigorous formal verification method. Experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the improvement in reliability in case of device anomalies.
文摘This paper proposes a method to model hydrocarbon reforming by coupling detailed chemical kinetics with complex computational fluid dynamics. The entire chemistry of catalyzed reactions was confined within the geometrically simple channels and modeled using the low-dimensional plug model, into which the interactive thermal control of the multi-channel reforming reactor has been implemented with a tail-gas combustor around the external surface of these catalytic channels. The geomet- rically complex flow in the tail gas combustor was simu- lated using FLUENT without involving any chemical reactions. The influences of the conditions at the reactor inlet such as the inlet gas velocity, the inlet gas composi- tion and the variety of hydrocarbons of each channel on gas conversions were investigated numerically. The impact of the tail gas combustor setup on the efficiency of the reforming reactor was also analyzed. Methane catalytic partial oxidation （CPOx） and propane steam reforming （SR） were used to illustrate the approach reported in the present work.
