Neuroprotective effect of Liu Wei Di Huang Tang on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanisms of LW-AFC,a new formula derived fromLiu Wei Di Huang Tang,on irradiation-induced reduction of mice adult hippocampal neurogenesis.METHODS C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into seven groups(n=10):control group,LW-AFC group(1.6 g·kg^(-1)),Liu Wei Di Huang Tang(LW) group(10 g·kg^(-1)),brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) group,irradiation group,irradiation + LW group,and irradiation + LW-AFC group.Reduction of mice adult hippocampal neurogenesis was induced by cranial irradiation.LW-AFC was administered by oral gavage for 30 d after cranial irradiation treatment.Immunofluorescence and Nissl′s staining were performed for histological morphology assessment.Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) staining was used in the detection of proliferation cells.The peripheral blood and hippocampal homogenate were collected to measure the content of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-gamma(INF-γ),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-4 and IL-10.The hippocampal homogenate was used for Western blot to detect the BDNFTrkB signal pathway,including extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2(ERK1/2) and BDNF target protein.Morris water maze and new object recognition test were performed to examine the cognitive function of mice.The mice forced swimming and tail suspension test were used to assess alteration in depressive behavior.Long term potentiation was used to examine the synaptic plasticity change of mice.RESULTS Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was significantly reduced after irradiation of 20 Gray dose(10 Gray per day,total 2 d).LW-AFC treatment increased the BrdU number of irradiated mice(P<0.05).In Morris water maze test,LW-AFC group showed decreased escape latency in the learning period(P<0.05),while increased the number of crossing the platform in the memory period.LW-AFC can also reduce the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension test(P<0.01).CONCLU.SION LW-AFC modulates adult neurogenesis to ameliorate cognitive impairment and reduce depres.sive behavior in radiation injury mice.

A survey on the epidemiology of trauma and China trauma care training in subtropical regions of Hainan Province

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of trauma patients in subtropical areas of Hainan Province and the improvement of the level of trauma treatment in China trauma care training (CTCT). Methods: From 01-01-2015 to 01-01-2016, the epidemiological data of 2476 patients with trauma were collected. From 01-01-2016 to 01-01-2017, 105 professional doctors and nurses in emergency surgery took part in CTCT, and their knowledge were compared before and after training. Results: There were 1656 male and 820 female trauma patients with 1614 cases in the middle and young age and 478 cases were the elderly. In terms of occupational distribution, 736 peasants, 574 workers and 458 retirees were involved. In May, the number of patients was the highest 332. October to January was the high-incidence season of trauma. In 24 hours a day: 11:00-13:00, 18:00-19:00, 23:00-03:00 were the high incidence periods. Referred to trauma sites, 904 cases of trauma happened on roads, 540 cases in family and 370 cases in restaurants or entertainment facilities. Through CTCT, the scores of the theoretical examination, the assessment of the trauma treatment skills and the field test scores of the emergency surgery practitioners were better than before (P<0.05).The misdiagnosis rate of severe trauma patients decreased from 26.21% to 15.36% (P<0.05). The mortality rate of severe trauma patients decreased from 18.67% to 13.94% (P<0.05). Conclusions:Trauma epidemiology in Hainan is closely related to its special geographical environment, which provides a reference for the prevention and treatment of trauma in Hainan, and some information for the government to formulate corresponding laws and regulations, as well as emergency plans and other relevant strategies. CTCT training improves the level of theoretical knowledge and first aid skills of medical personnel involved in trauma treatment. Health departments and medical education departments may consider extending CTCT training and continuing education programs to Hainan and other parts of China.