New Cytotoxic Saponins from Lysimachia davurica Ledeb.

To investigate the saponins from whole plants of Lysimachia davurica Ledeb., two new saponins named davuricoside I （compound 1） and E （compound 2） were isolated. Their chemical structures were elucidated as 3β, 16α, 28, 29-tetrihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→2）-β-D-glucuronopyranoside （compound 1） and 3β, 16α, 29-trihydroxy-13, 28-epoxy-oleanane-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→2）-β-D-glucuronopyranoside （compound 2） on the basis of their one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data, and chemical methods. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activity against human A2780 cells.

Two New Saponins from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl.

To investigate the saponins from whole plants of Lysimachia capilUpes Hemsl., two new saponins, named capilliposide E （1） and capilliposide F （2）, were isolated. The structures of the new saponins were elucidated as 3β, 22α-dihydroxy-16α-acetat-28→ 13-lactone-oleanane-3-O- [β-D-glucopyranosyl- （1 →2）-α-L-arabinpyranoyl]-22-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and 3β, 22α-dihydroxy- 16α-acetat-28→ 13-lactone-oleanane-3-O-{ [β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→2）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→4）]-α-L-arabinpyranoyl}-22-O-β- D-glucopyranoside （2）. The structures of these compounds were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR, MS techniques, and chemical methods.

Standardized Xin-Ke-Shu Tablets Improves the Disturbances of Lipid, Energy, and Amino Acid Metabolism in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis

Objective:Xin-Ke-Shu(XKS),a patent drug,used to treat coronary artery diseases in China for many years.Previous research indicates that XKS has similar therapeutic effect as atorvastatin(AS)against atherosclerotic in rabbits.However,biochemical assays demonstrate that XKS could have a different therapeutic mechanism from AS.The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of XKS therapeutic effect,especially those different from AS.Materials and Methods:~1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics were applied to profile the low-molecular-weight polar metabolites in the plasma of rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet.Results:Seven of the eleven pathological biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in rabbits were mediated by XKS treatment,namely low-density lipoprotein/very-low-density lipoprotein LDL/VLDL),lactate,citrate,phosphatidylcholine,glutamine,creatinine,and methionine,as well as two characteristic metabolites of pyruvate and α-glucose.These metabolites involved lipid,energy,and amino acid metabolism,and all could be considered XKS treatment targets.However,AS only affected the metabolic disorders associated with LDL/VLDL and phosphatidylcholine,which is mainly target lipid metabolism.Conclusions:This study indicates that the anti-atherosclerosis effects of AS mainly involve reducing blood–lipid levels,but those of XKS involve a multitargeted activity.

Stereochemical determination of tetrahydropyran-substituted xanthones from fungus Chaetomium murorum

Chaetoxanthone D（1）, a new tetrahydropyran-substituted xanthone originated from polyketide pathway, together with the four known natural products chaetoxanthone C（2）, alternariol methyl ether（3）, alternariol（4） and 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone（5） was isolated from a strain of Chaetomium murorum. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by using quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism（ECD） calculations.

Fimbrialtols K–M, highly functionalized ent-kaurane diterpenoids from traditional Chinese plant Flickingeria fimbriata(B1.) Hawkes

Three new ent-kaurane diterpenoids fimbrialtols K–M（3–5） with highly substituted functionalities were isolated from the extract of Flickingeria fimbriata（B1.） Hawkes. The structures of these new compounds were determined by NMR and HR-ESIMS. The relative configurations of these compounds were determined by analysis of NOESY correlations. The absolute configurations of these new compounds were established by CD methods together with considering the biosynthetic pathway. Compounds 3 and4 contain a cinnamic carboxyl group, whereas compound 5 possesses a benzoic carboxyl group representing the first report in more than known 600 ent-kaurane diterpenoids.