Lonicera Japonica Caulis Ameliorates LPS and TNF-α-Induced HT-29 Cell Injury by Inhibiting the MAPK/ERK/JNK/p38 Pathway

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract,and shows a high rate of recurrence.Clinicians have accumulated extensive experience in the treatment of IBD,with biologics and small molecule drugs having greatly expanded the therapeutic scope of IBD in recent years.Nonetheless,such treatments involve a high price and a single target of drug action.

评价腹部超声引导内镜下逆行阑尾炎治疗术对急性非复杂性阑尾炎的临床疗效

目的利用倾向性评分匹配,评估腹部超声引导内镜下逆行阑尾炎治疗术(endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy,ERAT)与腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)2种手术方式治疗急性非复杂性阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法收集2020年03月至2023年04月云南省第三人民医院收治的441例急性非复杂性阑尾炎患者的病史资料。根据治疗方式差异,将病例分为ERAT组(n=30)和LA组(n=411)。采用倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)均衡组间协变量后,比较2组患者的临床疗效。结果经过PSM,2组共有30对患者匹配成功,且2组基线资料满足可比性要求。ERAT组术后24 h白细胞、中性粒细胞计数、C反应蛋白水平低于LA组,数据差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ERAT组手术时间及总有效率相较于LA组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但ERAT组术中失血量少于LA组,疼痛缓解时间短于LA组,2组之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹部超声引导内镜下逆行阑尾炎治疗术效果显著、安全可行,可作为治疗急性阑尾炎切实可行的、有着良好发展前景的无创技术。

A review for the breeding of orchids: Current achievements and prospects

Orchids are horticultural plants with significant ornamental and economic value.Increasing market circulation and rising trade in orchids is forcing breeders to develop varieties with unique characteristics,including flower color,morphology,and resistance using a range of approaches,including traditional and molecular breeding.Advances in high-throughput technologies have generated extensive data sets with greater sequencing depths and broader coverage,providing the potential for discovering new genes/pathways that give rise to key traits.Several attempts have been made to use emerging molecular and omics methods to accelerate the breeding process in certain of the commercially valuable orchids.This review consolidates current approaches and achievements in orchid breeding and discusses their future applications for improving the resistance,ornamental,and other valuable characteristics of these plants.

Transmission line fault-cause identification method for large-scale new energy grid connection scenarios

The accurate fault-cause identification for overhead transmission lines supports the operation and maintenance personnel in formulating targeted maintenance strategies and shortening the time of inspecting faulty lines.With the goal of achieving“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”,the schemes for clean energy generation have rapidly developed.Moreover,new energy-consuming equipment has been widely connected to the power grid,and the operating characteristics of the power system have significantly changed.Consequently,these have impacted traditional fault identification methods.Based on the time-frequency characteristics of the fault waveform,new energy-related parameters,and deep learning model,this study proposes a fault identification method suitable for scenarios where a high proportion of new energy is connected to the power grid.Ten parameters related to the causes of transmission line fault and new energy connection scenarios are selected as model characteristic parameters.Further,a fault identification model based on adaptive deep belief networks was constructed,and its effect was verified by field data.

Evolution of Two Ubiquitin-like System of Autophagy in Orchid

As an important horticultural plant,the orchid is widely distributed in its natural habitat and faces various environmental stresses,among which nutrient recycling and stress resistance are of great concern.During these processes,autophagy is an essential pathway,which is a conserved self-eating process that degrades macromolecular components and recycles cell materials or nutrients during developmental processes or under stress conditions.Two ubiquitin-like systems(UBLs)play a major role in the initiation of autophagy and are associated with two key proteins:ATG8 and ATG12.In this study,we identified and refined the UBL-related genes in orchids and performed phylogenetic reconstruction together with other plant species.We found that the orchid had unique domains in UBL-related genes,indicating potential functional diversification in the ATG8 system in plants.Transcriptome and protein tertiary structure prediction indicated that conserved domains that are vital for the canonical function of ATG12 are incomplete in orchids,in which a novel mechanism of autophagy may have evolved.

A near-complete genome assembly of the allotetrapolyploid Cenchrus fungigraminus(JUJUNCAO)provides insights into its evolution and C4 photosynthesis

JUJUNCAO(Cenchrus fungigraminus;2n=4x=28)is a Cenchrus grass with the highest biomass production among cultivated plants,and it can be used for mushroom cultivation,animal feed,and biofuel production.Here,we report a nearly complete genome assembly of JUJUNCAO and reveal that JUJUNCAO is an allopolyploid that originated2.7 million years ago(mya).Its genome consists of two subgenomes,and subgenome A shares high collinear synteny with pearl millet.We also investigated the genome evolution of JUJUNCAO and suggest that the ancestral karyotype of Cenchrus split into the A and B ancestral karyotypes of JUJUNCAO.Comparative transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses revealed functional divergence of homeologous gene pairs between the two subgenomes,which was a further indication of asymmetric DNA methylation.The three types of centromeric repeat in the JUJUNCAO genome(CEN137,CEN148,and CEN156)may have evolved independently within each subgenome,with some introgressions of CEN156 from the B to the A subgenome.We investigated the photosynthetic characteristics of JUJUNCAO,revealing its typical C4 Kranz anatomy and high photosynthetic efficiency.NADP-ME and PEPCK appear to cooperate in the major C4 decarboxylation reaction of JUJUNCAO,which is different from other C4 photosynthetic subtypes and may contribute to its high photosynthetic efficiency and biomass yield.Taken together,our results provide insights into the highly efficient photosynthetic mechanism of JUJUNCAO and provide a valuable reference genome for future genetic and evolutionary studies,as well as genetic improvement of Cenchrus grasses.

走出歌德的阴影:迈向更加科学的植物系统学

传统的植物学理论中,被子植物雌蕊的基本单位心皮被认为是变态的叶(即大孢子叶)通过纵向对折和内卷演化而来。该理论造成了被子植物和裸子植物之间不可逾越的鸿沟。近年来提出的一统理论认为被子植物的心皮由长胚珠的枝和包裹这个枝的叶共同组成,从而弥合了被子植物与裸子植物之间的鸿沟。最近,当代植物学界两大权威人物Peter R.Crane和PeterK.Endress分别撰文,发表了不同于传统理论的观点。Endress认为,心皮由胚珠和叶性器官组成;而Crane认为,所有的胚珠都长在枝上。结合二者的结论,不难得出"心皮实际上等同于一个长胚珠的枝加上一个叶"的论断。这在某种意义上等于认同了一统理论的观点。两位权威人物观点的转变预示着植物学理论将很快发生根本性的转变。该文向国内植物学同行通报这一最新动态,以期让我国学者能够了解最新理论。

Genome Sequencing Reveals the Role of MADS-box Gene Families in the Floral Morphology Evolution of Orchids

Orchid origin and evolution are common topics in evolutionary biology. Orchidaceae have approximately 30 000 orchid species distributed in diverse habitats and account for approximately 10% of the flowering plant species worldwide. Orchids provide us with materials to explore coevolution and organic evolution. In this review, we highlighted the genome study progress of orchids. In addition, we revealed the role of MADS-box gene families in the floral morphology and evolution of orchids. Genomics studies confirmed that all five subfamilies of existing orchids evolved from a common ancestor. Loss of Mβ MADS-box genes resulted in the endosperm from the seed of all existing orchids being absent. Perianth reversion to the ancestral state occurred because Apostasia and Apostasioideae lost B-AP3 and E class paralogous genes. Loss of P-subclade members of MIKC*-Type in Phalaenopsis equestris, Dendrobium catenatum, and Epidendroideae caused the formation of pollinium.In addition, the combined loss of AGL12 and contraction of ANR1 gave orchids the ability to be successfully epiphytic on trees or rocks and to develop a unique root system. Both pollinium and epiphytic production on trees are beneficial for orchid adaptations, and Epidendroideae evolved more species(~ 20 000) than Apostasioideae(16 species). Genome studies shed new light on determining the evolutionary history of orchids and understanding the genetic mechanisms of orchid morphological evolution.

Artificial Intelligence for Edge Service Optimization in Internet of Vehicles:A Survey

The Internet of Vehicles(IoV)plays a crucial role in providing diversified services because of its powerful capability of collecting real-time information.Generally,collected information is transmitted to a centralized resourceintensive cloud platform for service implementation.Edge Computing(EC)that deploys physical resources near road-side units is involved in IoV to support real-time services for vehicular users.Additionally,many measures are adopted to optimize the performance of EC-enabled IoV,but they hardly help make dynamic decisions according to real-time requests.Artificial Intelligence(AI)is capable of enhancing the learning capacity of edge devices and thus assists in allocating resources dynamically.Although extensive research has employed AI to optimize EC performance,summaries with relative concepts or prospects are quite few.To address this gap,we conduct an exhaustive survey about utilizing AI in edge service optimization in IoV.Firstly,we establish the general condition and relative concepts about IoV,EC,and AI.Secondly,we review the edge service frameworks for IoV and explore the use of AI in edge server placement and service offloading.Finally,we discuss a number of open issues in optimizing edge services with AI.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Alternative Splicing Events Associated with Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Orchids

Phalaenopsis equestris is an obligate crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM) plant with high ornamental and economic value. CAM photosynthesis is associated with drought tolerance and efficient water utilization, which enhances the survival rate of CAM plants in arid environments.The identification and analysis of CAM-related genes will be helpful to improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of CAM metabolism. In this study, we analyzed RNA-Seq data to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between circadian day and night in P.equestris leaves then performed GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis. The pathways that were significantly enriched among these DEGs included carbon fixation, circadian clock regulation, glucose metabolism, photosynthesis, and plant hormone signaling. We also used Pac Bio long-read Iso-Seq technology, which identified many alternative splicing events for key genes in CAM-related pathways, including carbon fixation, circadian clock regulation, and stomatal movement. These findings suggested that alternative splicing events might be involved in CAM metabolism. Many unknown or uncharacterized genes were also found to be potentially involved in CAM metabolism. For example, the Peq000162 gene encodes a protein belonging to the Ldp A(light-dependent period) iron-sulfur protein family, and it was found to generate many alternatively spliced products. These findings shed light on CAM metabolic mechanisms in P. equestris along with the molecular functions of key CAM genes. Ultimately, the information may help enhance crop yield and drought tolerance through the introduction of CAM features into C3 crops.

Identifying a melanogenesis-related candidate gene by a high-quality genome assembly and population diversity analysis in Hypsizygus marmoreus

Hypsizygus marmoreus is one of the most important edible fungi in Basidiomycete division and includes white and gray strains.However,very limited knowledge is known about the genomic structures and the genetic basis for the white/gray diversity of this mushroom.Here,we report the near-complete high-quality H.marmoreus genome at the chromosomal level.Comparative genomics analysis indicates that chromosome structures were relatively conserved,and variations in collinearity and chromosome number were mainly attributed by chromosome split/fusion events in Aragicales,whereas the fungi genome experienced many genomic chromosome fracture,fusion,and genomic replication events after the split of Aragicales from Basidiomycetes.Resequencing of 57 strains allows us to classify the population into four major groups and associate genetic variations with morphological features,indicating that white strains were not originated independently.We further generated genetic populations and identified a cytochrome P450 as the candidate causal gene for the melanogenesis in H.marmoreus based on bulked segregant analysis (BSA)and comparative transcriptome analysis.The high-quality H.marmoreus genome and diversity data compiled in this study provide new knowledge and resources for the molecular breeding of H.marmoreus as well as the evolution of Basidiomycete.