Modification of Nano Tourmaline Surface Treatment Agent and Its Performance on Negative Ion Release

In this paper,a kind of wall fabric’s surface treatment agent modified with nonionic surfactant was reported.This surface treatment agent was prepared by using nano tourmaline powder dispersion in water with surfactant as dispersants by sand milling.Under the influence of different dispersants,the negative ions releasing amount of functional wall fabrics,the milling process and the storage stability of nano tourmaline powder dispersion were discussed.The results showed that nano tourmaline powder dispersion achieved the smallest average diameter of 44 nm and had best storage stability that the average diameter maintained below 200 nm in 17 days when the addition amount of dispersant was 20 percent of the tourmaline powders’weight.What is more,the quantity of negative ion releasing achieved 6500 ion/cm3 when addition amount of dispersant was 30 percent.This technique could be used to strengthen productivity of nano tourmaline powder dispersion.

Transcriptome analysis and candidate gene identification reveals insights into the molecular mechanisms of hypermelanosis in Chinese tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Blind-side hypermelanosis has emerged as a major concern in flatfish aquaculture worldwide,including tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis)in China.The causative gene and the molecular basis are still unclear.In this study,comparative transcriptome analyses were performed using different skin tissues of tongue sole:ocular-side normal(pigmented)skin,blind-side normal(non-pigmented)skin and blind-side hypermelanotic(pigmented)skin.Finally,60 key hypermelanosis-related genes were mined,providing potential candidate gene resources involved in blind-side hypermelanosis.These genes were selected based on the log2(FoldChange)and false discovery rate(FDR)values(with corresponding P-Values<0.05),and they were verified in other species to assess if they were directly or indirectly related to melanogenesis.The protein-protein interaction network of these 60 genes and the relationship between tyr and other key hypermelanosis-related genes were illustrated.The qRT-PCR validation of 16 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)showed that the data of qRT-PCR were consistent with those of RNA-seq.Further analyses revealed that the selected DEGs were significantly overrepresented in several pigment metabolic processes and in the melanogenesis pathway.Our results may imply that blind-side hypermelanosis is a pattern of environmental regulation of gene expression and adaptation in flatfish.Membrane transport proteins(such as OCA2 and SLC45A2)may serve as a“switch”for melanogenesis in tongue sole.Overall,this study provided novel insights into the molecular mechanism of hypermelanosis in flatfish species and will facilitate future selective breeding of tongue sole for this market-favoured trait in aquaculture.