One specimen belonging to the family Comatellinae was collected from the Zhenbei Seamount(332.5–478.2 m)in the South China Sea in July 2022.Based on the morphological characters,the specimen was identified as Palaeoc...One specimen belonging to the family Comatellinae was collected from the Zhenbei Seamount(332.5–478.2 m)in the South China Sea in July 2022.Based on the morphological characters,the specimen was identified as Palaeocomatella hiwia McKnight,1977.It is first recorded from China Sea and redescribed in detail.This specimen differs from the original description from New Zealand for never showing syzygy at br4+5 or br5+6 on interior and br1+2 on exterior arms.However,it is much conform to the redescription to specimens from Indonesia,with only differences in position of the second syzygy and distalmost pinnule comb.Specimen is deposited in the Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial c oxidase subunit I(COI)and 16S rRNA genes indicated that P.hiwia was nested within the tribe Phanogeniini and clustered with Aphanocomaster pulcher.Furthermore,P.hiwia showed same morphological features in terms of mouth placement,comb location,and number of comb teeth rows as other genera of Phanogeniini.Therefore,we suggest that the genus Palaeocomatella should be put in the tribe Phanogeniini.展开更多
The xanthid genus Medaeops Guinot,1967 currently contains seven species reported from the Indo-West Pacific region.However,only one species,Medaeops granulosus(Haswell,1882),has been recorded from China seas and was o...The xanthid genus Medaeops Guinot,1967 currently contains seven species reported from the Indo-West Pacific region.However,only one species,Medaeops granulosus(Haswell,1882),has been recorded from China seas and was once thought to be widespread in the Indo-West Pacific region.In this study,two species of the Medaeops granulosus species-group were identified during the analysis on Medaeops crabs from China seas.Medaeops japonicus(Rathbun,1898),which had previously been considered a junior synonym of M.granulosus,is shown to be a distinct species that can be distinguished from M.granulosus by the lower first anterolateral tooth,the larger and concentrated granules on carapace dorsally,and the different shape of the male’s first gonopod.In addition,a new recorded species,Medaeops edwardsi Guinot,1967,was reported from China seas for the first time.A molecular analysis was conducted to determine the status of each species,and an updated key for species of the genus Medaeops was provided.展开更多
The deep-sea is considered as the most extensive ecosystem on the Earth.It is meaningful for elucidating the life origins by exploring the origin and adaptive genetic mechanisms of the large deepsea organisms.Caridean...The deep-sea is considered as the most extensive ecosystem on the Earth.It is meaningful for elucidating the life origins by exploring the origin and adaptive genetic mechanisms of the large deepsea organisms.Caridean shrimps have colonized and successfully adapted to deep-sea environments.They provide an ideal model to analyze the origin and adaptive evolution of modern deep-sea fauna.Here,we conducted the phylogenetic analyses of mitocho ndrial genomes(mitogenomes)from carideans,including 11 newly sequences reported in this investigation to explore the habitat origins,divergence times,and adaptive evolution of deep-sea(seamounts and hydrothermal vents)caridean shrimps.The results showed that the species of deep-sea Caridea formed a monophyletic group.Phylogenetic analysis supported that the deepsea caridean shrimps may originated from shallow sea.The hydrothermal vents alvinocaridid shrimps and Lebbeus shinkaiae from Thoridae underwent a second range expansion from seamounts to vent ecosystems.Estimates of divergence time showed that the caridean shrimps invaded into deep-sea at 147.75 Ma.The divergence of most of the modern seamount and hydrothermal vent species are in the late Cretaceous/early Tertiary.This may associate with the geological events of the Western Pacific,the climate change,and the global deep-water anoxic/dysoxic events during this period.Twenty-two potentially important adaptive residues were detected in the deep-sea shrimp lineage,which were located in atp6,atp8,cox1,cox3,cytb,nad2,nad4 l,and nad5.This investigation adds our understanding of the evolutionary history of deep-sea caridean shrimps,and provides insights into the mitochondrial genetic basis of deep-sea adaptation in this group.展开更多
Coloration is an important phenotypic trait for multiple adaptive functions.It is interesting to fi nd white-eye(AW)and orange-eye(AO)phenotypes in the shrimp Alvinocaris longirostris inhabiting the deep-sea cold seep...Coloration is an important phenotypic trait for multiple adaptive functions.It is interesting to fi nd white-eye(AW)and orange-eye(AO)phenotypes in the shrimp Alvinocaris longirostris inhabiting the deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent areas of the northwestern Pacifi c.By comparative transcriptome analyses,1491 diff erentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified between AW and AO.Among them,many DEGs were associated with immunity,antioxidation,and detoxifi cation.Two signifi cant enzyme encoding genes,xanthine dehydrogenase,and tryptophan oxidase involved in pigment biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated in AW and AO,respectively,which might be related to the diff erences of white and orange eye phenotypes.Moreover,single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)calling detected that genotypes of 28 SNP distributing in 14 unigenes were completely diff erent between AW and AO.Particularly,there were three and two non-synonymous mutations in immune genes crustin Pm5 and antimicrobial peptide,respectively.Results indicate that the diff erence in eye color is probably resulted from immune response to variable micro-environmental stressors encountered in the dispersal process of the shrimps,such as symbiotic microbes,pathogens,and toxic substances,and might be genetically fi xed at last.The suggested pathway preliminarily explained the formation mechanism of diff erent eye phenotypes in Alvinocaridid shrimps,providing a basis for further study on adaptive evolution of eyes in deep-sea chemosynthetic faunas.展开更多
Five new records of the family Xanthidae are reported from China:Hypocolpus haanii Rathbun,1909,Neoliomera variolosa(A.Milne-Edwards,1873),Leptodius australis Ward,1936,L.davaoensis Ward,1941,and Xanthias joanneae Men...Five new records of the family Xanthidae are reported from China:Hypocolpus haanii Rathbun,1909,Neoliomera variolosa(A.Milne-Edwards,1873),Leptodius australis Ward,1936,L.davaoensis Ward,1941,and Xanthias joanneae Mendoza,2013.The specimens were collected from Hainan Island and deposited in the Marine Biological Museum,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Diagnosis based on observation,photographs,line drawings,and some taxonomic discussions are provided.展开更多
Why do taxonomists matter? The work of taxonomists is often understated if not completely misunderstood. Without taxonomists, organisms cannot be accurately identified, neither can these organisms be given universally...Why do taxonomists matter? The work of taxonomists is often understated if not completely misunderstood. Without taxonomists, organisms cannot be accurately identified, neither can these organisms be given universally accepted names, and reliably positioned in the phylogenetic tree of life. Thanks to the work of taxonomists over the last 269 years since Carl Linnaeus established the binomial system, we can now measure the health and wealth of our biodiversity in a refined, science-based inventory prescribed by stringent nomenclatural rules.展开更多
Taxonomy plays an important role in understanding the origin, evolution, and ecological functionality of biodiversity. There are large number of unknown species yet to be described by taxonomists, which together with ...Taxonomy plays an important role in understanding the origin, evolution, and ecological functionality of biodiversity. There are large number of unknown species yet to be described by taxonomists, which together with their ecosystem services cannot be effectively protected prior to description. Despite this, taxonomy has been increasingly underrated insufficient funds and permanent positions to retain young talents. Further, the impact factordriven evaluation systems in China exacerbate this downward trend, so alternative evaluation metrics are urgently necessary. When the current generation of outstanding taxonomists retires,there will be too few remaining taxonomists left to train the next generation. In light of these challenges, all co-authors worked together on this paper to analyze the current situation of taxonomy and put out a joint call for immediate actions to advance taxonomy in China.展开更多
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB42000000)the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41930533)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Pioneer Hundred Talents Program(to Nansheng CHEN)the Taishan Scholar Project Special Fund(to Nansheng CHEN)。
文摘One specimen belonging to the family Comatellinae was collected from the Zhenbei Seamount(332.5–478.2 m)in the South China Sea in July 2022.Based on the morphological characters,the specimen was identified as Palaeocomatella hiwia McKnight,1977.It is first recorded from China Sea and redescribed in detail.This specimen differs from the original description from New Zealand for never showing syzygy at br4+5 or br5+6 on interior and br1+2 on exterior arms.However,it is much conform to the redescription to specimens from Indonesia,with only differences in position of the second syzygy and distalmost pinnule comb.Specimen is deposited in the Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial c oxidase subunit I(COI)and 16S rRNA genes indicated that P.hiwia was nested within the tribe Phanogeniini and clustered with Aphanocomaster pulcher.Furthermore,P.hiwia showed same morphological features in terms of mouth placement,comb location,and number of comb teeth rows as other genera of Phanogeniini.Therefore,we suggest that the genus Palaeocomatella should be put in the tribe Phanogeniini.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42176138)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2021YFF0502801)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB42000000)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0900804)。
文摘The xanthid genus Medaeops Guinot,1967 currently contains seven species reported from the Indo-West Pacific region.However,only one species,Medaeops granulosus(Haswell,1882),has been recorded from China seas and was once thought to be widespread in the Indo-West Pacific region.In this study,two species of the Medaeops granulosus species-group were identified during the analysis on Medaeops crabs from China seas.Medaeops japonicus(Rathbun,1898),which had previously been considered a junior synonym of M.granulosus,is shown to be a distinct species that can be distinguished from M.granulosus by the lower first anterolateral tooth,the larger and concentrated granules on carapace dorsally,and the different shape of the male’s first gonopod.In addition,a new recorded species,Medaeops edwardsi Guinot,1967,was reported from China seas for the first time.A molecular analysis was conducted to determine the status of each species,and an updated key for species of the genus Medaeops was provided.
基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.42025603)the"Research Program of Frontier Sciences"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDB-SSWDQC036)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31801961)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(No.XDB42030301)。
文摘The deep-sea is considered as the most extensive ecosystem on the Earth.It is meaningful for elucidating the life origins by exploring the origin and adaptive genetic mechanisms of the large deepsea organisms.Caridean shrimps have colonized and successfully adapted to deep-sea environments.They provide an ideal model to analyze the origin and adaptive evolution of modern deep-sea fauna.Here,we conducted the phylogenetic analyses of mitocho ndrial genomes(mitogenomes)from carideans,including 11 newly sequences reported in this investigation to explore the habitat origins,divergence times,and adaptive evolution of deep-sea(seamounts and hydrothermal vents)caridean shrimps.The results showed that the species of deep-sea Caridea formed a monophyletic group.Phylogenetic analysis supported that the deepsea caridean shrimps may originated from shallow sea.The hydrothermal vents alvinocaridid shrimps and Lebbeus shinkaiae from Thoridae underwent a second range expansion from seamounts to vent ecosystems.Estimates of divergence time showed that the caridean shrimps invaded into deep-sea at 147.75 Ma.The divergence of most of the modern seamount and hydrothermal vent species are in the late Cretaceous/early Tertiary.This may associate with the geological events of the Western Pacific,the climate change,and the global deep-water anoxic/dysoxic events during this period.Twenty-two potentially important adaptive residues were detected in the deep-sea shrimp lineage,which were located in atp6,atp8,cox1,cox3,cytb,nad2,nad4 l,and nad5.This investigation adds our understanding of the evolutionary history of deep-sea caridean shrimps,and provides insights into the mitochondrial genetic basis of deep-sea adaptation in this group.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC0310802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872215)+2 种基金the Senior User Project of R/V Kexue(No.KEXUE2019GZ02)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.XDA22050302)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC036)。
文摘Coloration is an important phenotypic trait for multiple adaptive functions.It is interesting to fi nd white-eye(AW)and orange-eye(AO)phenotypes in the shrimp Alvinocaris longirostris inhabiting the deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent areas of the northwestern Pacifi c.By comparative transcriptome analyses,1491 diff erentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified between AW and AO.Among them,many DEGs were associated with immunity,antioxidation,and detoxifi cation.Two signifi cant enzyme encoding genes,xanthine dehydrogenase,and tryptophan oxidase involved in pigment biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated in AW and AO,respectively,which might be related to the diff erences of white and orange eye phenotypes.Moreover,single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)calling detected that genotypes of 28 SNP distributing in 14 unigenes were completely diff erent between AW and AO.Particularly,there were three and two non-synonymous mutations in immune genes crustin Pm5 and antimicrobial peptide,respectively.Results indicate that the diff erence in eye color is probably resulted from immune response to variable micro-environmental stressors encountered in the dispersal process of the shrimps,such as symbiotic microbes,pathogens,and toxic substances,and might be genetically fi xed at last.The suggested pathway preliminarily explained the formation mechanism of diff erent eye phenotypes in Alvinocaridid shrimps,providing a basis for further study on adaptive evolution of eyes in deep-sea chemosynthetic faunas.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0900804)the National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY10010006)。
文摘Five new records of the family Xanthidae are reported from China:Hypocolpus haanii Rathbun,1909,Neoliomera variolosa(A.Milne-Edwards,1873),Leptodius australis Ward,1936,L.davaoensis Ward,1941,and Xanthias joanneae Mendoza,2013.The specimens were collected from Hainan Island and deposited in the Marine Biological Museum,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Diagnosis based on observation,photographs,line drawings,and some taxonomic discussions are provided.
文摘Why do taxonomists matter? The work of taxonomists is often understated if not completely misunderstood. Without taxonomists, organisms cannot be accurately identified, neither can these organisms be given universally accepted names, and reliably positioned in the phylogenetic tree of life. Thanks to the work of taxonomists over the last 269 years since Carl Linnaeus established the binomial system, we can now measure the health and wealth of our biodiversity in a refined, science-based inventory prescribed by stringent nomenclatural rules.
基金mainly supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (31625024)a grant (2008DP173354) from the Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Taxonomy plays an important role in understanding the origin, evolution, and ecological functionality of biodiversity. There are large number of unknown species yet to be described by taxonomists, which together with their ecosystem services cannot be effectively protected prior to description. Despite this, taxonomy has been increasingly underrated insufficient funds and permanent positions to retain young talents. Further, the impact factordriven evaluation systems in China exacerbate this downward trend, so alternative evaluation metrics are urgently necessary. When the current generation of outstanding taxonomists retires,there will be too few remaining taxonomists left to train the next generation. In light of these challenges, all co-authors worked together on this paper to analyze the current situation of taxonomy and put out a joint call for immediate actions to advance taxonomy in China.