Far-red light: A regulator of plant morphology and photosynthetic capacity

Plant photosynthetic capacity directly determines crop yield. Light quality regulates photosynthetic capacity. This review discusses plant responses to far-red light from the phenotypic to the molecular level, focusing specifically on the improvement of photosynthetic capacity by adjustment of photosynthetic electron transport and the path of light energy. Far-red light can also regulate leaf angle and increase plant height and leaf area, via expression of associated genes, to capture more light energy.Thus, far-red light regulates plant morphology and photosynthetic capacity. Identifying the mechanism of this regulation may lead to increased crop yields.

Assessing canopy nitrogen and carbon content in maize by canopy spectral reflectance and uninformative variable elimination

Assessing canopy nitrogen content(CNC) and canopy carbon content(CCC) of maize by hyperspectral remote sensing data permits estimating cropland productivity, protecting farmland ecology, and investigating the nitrogen and carbon cycles in the atmosphere. This study aimed to assess maize CNC and CCC using canopy hyperspectral information and uninformative variable elimination(UVE). Vegetation indices(VIs) and wavelet functions were adopted for estimating CNC and CCC under varying water and nitrogen regimes. Linear, nonlinear, and partial least squares(PLS) regression models were fitted to VIs and wavelet functions to estimate CNC and CCC, and were evaluated for their prediction accuracy.UVE was used to eliminate uninformative variables, improve the prediction accuracy of the models, and simplify the PLS regression models(UVE-PLS). For estimating CNC and CCC, the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI, based on red edge and NIR wavebands) yielded the highest correlation coefficients(r > 0.88). PLS regression models showed the lowest root mean square error(RMSE) among all models. However, PLS regression models required nine VIs and four wavelet functions, increasing their complexity. UVE was used to retain valid spectral parameters and optimize the PLS regression models.UVE-PLS regression models improved validation accuracy and resulted in more accurate CNC and CCC than the PLS regression models. Thus, canopy spectral reflectance integrated with UVE-PLS can accurately reflect maize leaf nitrogen and carbon status.

Extraction Process Optimization and Anti-oxidant Activity of Total Flavonoids in Dendrobium nobile Lindl.

[Objectives]To improve the yield of flavonoids from Dendrobium nobile Lindl.[Methods]On the basis of four single-factor experiments of solid/liquid ratio,extraction temperature,extraction time and ethanol volume fraction,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from D.nobile Lindl.was optimized using quadratic general rotary unitized design,and the in-vitro anti-oxidant activity of the flavonoids extracted was evaluated preliminarily.[Results]The optimized extraction process for flavonoids in D.nobile Lindl.was as follows:extraction time 10 min,solid/liquid ratio 1∶15(g∶mL),extraction temperature 75℃and ethanol volume fraction 90%.According to the revised optimal process,6 repeated experiments were carried out,and the average yield of flavonoids was(0.5515±0.0004)mg/g,consistent with the predicted value of the model.The results of anti-oxidation experiment show that the flavonoids extracted from D.nobile Lindl.have better scavenging effect on ABTS and DPPH free radicals,and the scavenging activity is proportional to the mass concentration of the extract.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process for flavonoids from D.nobile Lindl.is reasonable and feasible,and the flavonoids in D.nobile Lindl.have strong antioxidant activity.

Thermal-mechanical-electrical energy conversion system based on Curie effect and soft-contact rotary triboelectric nanogenerator

Untapped thermal energy,especially low-grade heat below 373 K from various sources,namely ambient,industries residual,and non-concentrated solar energy,is abundant and widely accessible.Despite that,there are huge constraints to recycle this valuable low-grade heat using the existing technologies due to the variability of thermal energy output and the small temperature difference between the heat source and environment.Here,a thermal-mechanical-electrical energy conversion(TMEc)system based on the Curie effect and the soft-contact rotary triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is developed to recycle thermal energy in the mid-low temperature range.According to the phase transition mechanism between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic,disk-shaped ferromagnetic materials can realize stable rotation under external magnetic and thermal fields,thus activating the operation of TENGs and realizing the conversion of thermal energy and electrical energy.During the steady rotation process,an open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 173 V and a short-circuit current(ISC)of 1.32μA are measured.We finally obtained a maximum power of 4.45 mW in the actual working conditions,and it successfully charged different capacitors.This work provides a new method for mid-low temperature energy harvesting and thermal energy transformation and broadens the application of TENG in the field of thermal energy recovery.

Transparent paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator as a page mark and anti-theft sensor

基于著名摩擦电效果和静电的正式就职效果，摩擦电 nanogenerator (TENG ) 被证明了是一条简单、合算的途径让自我动力的系统把周围的机械精力变换成电。我们报导由当摩擦电出现，电影和聚乙烯 terephthalate (宠物) 拍摄的铟听氧化物(ITO ) 组成的灵活、透明的基于纸的摩擦电 nanogenerator (PTENG ) ，它充当精力供应而且作为一个自我动力的活跃传感器不仅。当纸的表进入接触时，它能相对由垂直接触分离模式和侧面的滑动模式的联合的对方收获动能，弯曲或滑动。另外，我们也作为一个自我动力的反偷窃传感器把组织栅栏的 PTENG 集成到一本书。在处理期间，这本书分页的机械焦虑能有效地被变换成电的产量驾驶一台商业电子设备或触发警告 buzzer。而且，每页上的不同栅栏结构由相对对方滑动生产产量山峰的不同数字，它能精确地充当页的数字转了的一个页标记和记录。这个工作在自我动力的基于纸的设备向前是重要的步。

Harvesting vibration energy by a triple-cantilever based triboelectric nanogenerator

Triboelectric nanogenerators （TENG）, a unique technology for harvesting ambient mechanical energy based on triboelectric effect, have been proven to be a cost-effective, simple and robust approach for self-powered systems. Here, we demonstrate a rationally designed triple-cantilever based TENG for harvesting vibration energy. With the assistance of nanowire arrays fabricated onto the surfaces of beryllium-copper alloy foils, the newly designed TENG produces an open-circuit voltage up to 101 V and a short-circuit current of 55.7 ~tA with a peak power density of 252.3 mW/m2. The TENG was systematically investigated and demonstrated as a direct power source for instantaneously lighting up 40 commercial light-emitting diodes. For the first time, a TENG device has been designed for harvesting vibration energy, especially at low frequencies, opening its application as a new energy technologv.

Dual functional transparent film for proximity and pressure sensing

在过去几年，触觉的察觉到的技术的快速的开发显著地作出贡献到直觉的触摸控制和聪明的人机器的相互作用的实现。除了察觉到的物理触觉或压力，最近作为互补功能察觉到能扩大普通单个功能的触觉的传感器的察觉模式。在这个工作，我们在场一透明，矩阵结构集成在一台设备察觉到的最近和压力的能力的双功能的电容的传感器，并且电容的象素的孤立的反应提供的优秀空间分辨率使我们能认识到与快反应，高稳定性和高可逆性接近对象和装载压力的精确地点鉴定。

Self-powered electrochemical anodic oxidation： A new method for preparation of mesoporous Al2O3 without applying electricity

阳极的氧化(AO ) 是为制作 mesoporous 艾尔 2 能在高潜在或低的潜力被进行的 O 3, ；然而，对外部电功率来源的需要限制它的应用。在这个工作，一个新奇自我动力的电气化学的阳极的氧化(SPAO ) 系统为准备 mesoporous 艾尔 2 由使用最新发明的摩擦电 nanogenerator (TENG ) 的 O 3, 穿由风力量开车。用 TENG 数组的可控制的电压输出， SPAO 系统被显示调整毛孔深度和 mesoporous 艾尔 2 O 3 。与传统的 AO 系统相对照，没有任何另外的精力费用，这种技术利用 TENG 数组的高产量电压。另外， SPAO 系统能被用于另外的 mesoporous 材料的准备。

Ballistic transport in single-layer MoS2 piezotronic transistors

Because of the coupling between semiconducting and piezoelectric properties in wurtzite materials, strain-induced piezo-charges can tune the charge transport across the interface or junction, which is referred to as the piezotronic effect. For devices whose dimension is much smaller than the mean free path of carriers （such as a single atomic layer of MoS2）, ballistic transport occurs. In this study, transport in the monolayer MoS2 piezotronic transistor is studied by presenting analytical solutions for two-dimensional （2D） MoS2. Furthermore, a numerical simulation for guiding future 2D piezotronic nanodevice design is presented.

Paper triboelectric nanogenerator designed for continuous reuse and quick construction

Along with the unceasing growth of worldwide economic and the associated issues on resources,energy and environment,clean energy generating technologies that are based on recyclable materials,if possible,may become the future trend of development.Here,we report the design of a cheap,lightweight,and recyclable single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)that utilizes waste paper as the triboelectric material.Under the current strategy,we successfully developed green energy machines without vastly increasing the mining of various critical minerals around the world.The as-designed TENG could not only collect and convert mechanical energy into electricity with sound efficiency,but also has the merit for continuous reuse and quick construction.The maximum output power density is as high as 171 mW·m^(-2) at a resistance of 130 MQ and could be integrated into a book for monitoring reading actions,thus providing a new approach to the low-cost,green and sustainable self-powered electronic systems.