Global climate change has led to the decline of species and functional diversity in ecosystems,changing community composition and ecosystem functions.However,we still know little about how species with different resou...Global climate change has led to the decline of species and functional diversity in ecosystems,changing community composition and ecosystem functions.However,we still know little about how species with different resource-use strategies(different types of resource usage and plant growth of plants as indicated by the spectrum of plant economic traits,including acquisitive resource-use strategy and conservative resource-use strategy)would change in response to climate change,and how the changes in the diversity of species with different resource-use strategies may influence community-level productivity.Here,using long-term(1982–2017)observatory data in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,we investigated how climate change had affected the species richness(SR)and functional richness(FRic)for the whole community and for species with different resource-use strategies.Specifically,based on data for four traits representing leaf economics spectrum(leaf carbon concentration,leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf phosphorus concentration,and specific leaf area),we divided 81 plant species appearing in the grassland community into three plant functional types representing resource-acquisitive,medium,and resource-conservative species.We then analyzed the changes in community-level productivity in response to the decline of SR and FRic at the community level and for different resource-use strategies.We found that community-level SR and FRic decreased with drying climate,which was largely driven by the decline of diversity for resource-acquisitive species.However,community-level productivity remained stable because resource-conservative species dominating this grassland were barely affected by climate change.Our study revealed distinctive responses of species with different resource-use strategies to climate change and provided a new approach based on species functional traits for predicting the magnitude and direction of climate change effects on ecosystem functions.展开更多
The Al Ga N-based deep ultraviolet(DUV)light-emitting diode(LED)is an alternative DUV light source to replace traditional mercury-based lamps.However,the state-of-the-art DUV LEDs currently exhibit poor wall-plug effi...The Al Ga N-based deep ultraviolet(DUV)light-emitting diode(LED)is an alternative DUV light source to replace traditional mercury-based lamps.However,the state-of-the-art DUV LEDs currently exhibit poor wall-plug efficiency and low light output power,which seriously hinder their commercialization.In this work,we design and report a tunnel-junctioncascaded(TJC)DUV LED,which enables multiple radiative recombinations within the active regions.Therefore,the light output power of the TJC-DUV LEDs is more than doubled compared to the conventional DUV LED.Correspondingly,the wall-plug efficiency of the TJC-DUV LED is also significantly boosted by 25%at 60 m A.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32125026,31988102)the National Key Research Development Program of China(2022YFF0802300)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)。
文摘Global climate change has led to the decline of species and functional diversity in ecosystems,changing community composition and ecosystem functions.However,we still know little about how species with different resource-use strategies(different types of resource usage and plant growth of plants as indicated by the spectrum of plant economic traits,including acquisitive resource-use strategy and conservative resource-use strategy)would change in response to climate change,and how the changes in the diversity of species with different resource-use strategies may influence community-level productivity.Here,using long-term(1982–2017)observatory data in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,we investigated how climate change had affected the species richness(SR)and functional richness(FRic)for the whole community and for species with different resource-use strategies.Specifically,based on data for four traits representing leaf economics spectrum(leaf carbon concentration,leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf phosphorus concentration,and specific leaf area),we divided 81 plant species appearing in the grassland community into three plant functional types representing resource-acquisitive,medium,and resource-conservative species.We then analyzed the changes in community-level productivity in response to the decline of SR and FRic at the community level and for different resource-use strategies.We found that community-level SR and FRic decreased with drying climate,which was largely driven by the decline of diversity for resource-acquisitive species.However,community-level productivity remained stable because resource-conservative species dominating this grassland were barely affected by climate change.Our study revealed distinctive responses of species with different resource-use strategies to climate change and provided a new approach based on species functional traits for predicting the magnitude and direction of climate change effects on ecosystem functions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61905236)the University of Science and Technology of China(No.KY2100000081)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KJ2100230003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2100230020)the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(No.YD3480002002)。
文摘The Al Ga N-based deep ultraviolet(DUV)light-emitting diode(LED)is an alternative DUV light source to replace traditional mercury-based lamps.However,the state-of-the-art DUV LEDs currently exhibit poor wall-plug efficiency and low light output power,which seriously hinder their commercialization.In this work,we design and report a tunnel-junctioncascaded(TJC)DUV LED,which enables multiple radiative recombinations within the active regions.Therefore,the light output power of the TJC-DUV LEDs is more than doubled compared to the conventional DUV LED.Correspondingly,the wall-plug efficiency of the TJC-DUV LED is also significantly boosted by 25%at 60 m A.
