放射性肠炎患者肠道菌群的变化及其与炎症反应的关系

目的:探讨放射性肠炎(radiation proctitis,RP)患者肠道菌群的变化及其与炎症反应的关系。方法:回顾性分析2017年7月至2018年6月天津医科大学肿瘤医院18例接受盆腔外照射的初治宫颈癌患者(RP组10例,对照组8例)的临床资料。基于Illu⁃mina HiSeq测序平台对粪便细菌16S rRNA V4区进行双末端测序。制备粪菌悬液与FHC细胞共培养,检测炎症指标。检测患者血清炎性因子。构建RP小鼠模型,对肠道菌群进行定量分析,观察肠黏膜组织病理学及肠屏障功能,检测血清炎性因子。结果:RP组普氏菌属-9、沙雷氏菌属、罗氏菌属、普氏菌属-2、韦荣球菌属均显著增加,拟杆菌属和副拟杆菌属明显减少;α-多样性更低,β-多样性更显著;变形菌门、γ-变形菌纲以及肠杆菌目的丰度均明显升高。RP组的肠道菌群能促进上皮细胞分泌IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-4,激活P65,上调COX、iNOS、MCP1和CRP。RP组血清TNF-α、IL-1β和CXCL-1的分泌显著增加。RP小鼠粪便样本中总16S rRNA含量明显减少、普氏菌明显增加、拟杆菌明显下降;肠黏膜不完整,肠绒毛变短,上皮结构及黏膜屏障均被破坏;血清TNF-α、IL-1β和CXCL-1显著增加。结论:RP患者具有肠道菌群失调的现象,这种现象与宿主的炎症状态密切相关。

Application of Bionic Technology in Marine Cruise Equipment:Research Progress and Development Trends

This article provides an overview of the application of bionic technology in marine cruising equipment,discussing its research progress and future development trends.Marine cruising is a crucial means of gaining insights into the marine environment and conducting scientific research.However,conventional marine cruising equipment faces numerous challenges when dealing with complex and ever-changing marine environments.Bionic technology,as a means of drawing inspiration from the structure and functions of living organisms,offers new approaches and methods to address the challenges faced by marine cruising equipment and has found widespread application.The article primarily focuses on the applications and historical developments of bionic technology in propulsion methods,drag reduction,and surface antifouling.It summarizes the design principles,manufacturing techniques,and optimization methods for marine biomimetic cruising equipment.Finally,this paper analyzes the achievements,challenges,and future directions of bionic technology in marine cruising equipment.The application of bionic technology in marine cruising equipment holds vast potential for development,enabling us to better confront the challenges of marine exploration and research by drawing wisdom from nature and driving advancements in marine science.

Further study on indecomposable cryptographic functions

1 Introduction Boolean functions have important applications in stream ciphers and block ciphers.Over the last decades,the constructions of cryptographic Boolean functions have paid a lot of attention[1,2].Direct sum is a well-known secondary construction of cryptographic functions[3].By using the direct sum,a lot of functions with high nonlinearities can be obtained[4,5].However,the direct sum of two functions are decomposable functions,which have numerous null secondorder derivatives(which represents a potential weakness with respect to the higher order differential attack)[6].(In)decomposable functions were also studied in[7]by Zheng and Zhang under the name(non)separable functions.They provided some sufficient conditions that the functions are indecomposable[7].

A review on fishing gear in China: Selectivity and application

In the 1980s,China’s offshore marine fishery resources declined,thus fishing gear selectivity gradually became a focus of scientific fishery research.Studies of fishing gear selectivity mainly focus on five kinds of fishing gear:trawls,shrimp beam trawls,stow nets,gillnets,and pots.Cover net method is the main method used in the comparative study of codend selectivity of both trawls and stow nets.These results showed that(1)Bottom trawls,targeting Larimichthys polyactis(the Little yellow croaker)and Trichiurus haumela(the Hairtail),should have a minimum mesh size of the codend no less than 60 mm in the Yellow and East China Seas.While the codend should use a square mesh with a minimum mesh size of 40 mm due to the variety of targeted species in the South China Sea.(2)Pair pelagic trawls,targeting pelagic species such as Engraulis japonicus(the Japanese anchovy),Pampus argenteus(the Silvery pomfret),Scomberomorus niphonius(the Spanish mackerel),as well as bottom species such as L.polyactis and T.haumela,should have a minimum mesh size of the codend no less than 56 mm in the Yellow Sea.(3)Shrimp beam trawls should use shrimp/fish separator devices(e.g.,separator panels,vertical separator panels,and sorting grids)to improve intra-species selectivity and reduce by-catch of non-target fish.(4)Canvas stow nets,targeting L.polyactis and T.haumela,should have a minimum mesh size of the codend no less than 55 mm.(5)Gillnets,the minimum mesh size should be determined for catching traditional economic species,but also the optimal mesh size for newly developed species.Such as,gillnets with mesh size of 35-38.71 mm targeting Harpodon nehereus(the Bombay duck),55 mm targeting L.polyactis and Nemipterus virgatus(the Golden threadfin bream),72 mm targeting Dentex tumifrons(the yellow sea breams)or Scomberomorus commersoni with body length of 280 mm,100 mm targeting P.argenteus,104 mm or 146 mm targeting 2-3 year or 6-7 year S.niphonius,120 mm targeting S.commersoni with body length of 380 mm,and 144 mm targeting Pampus chinensis(the Chinese pomfret).(6)Pots,the steel-framed round pots targeting Portunus trituberculatus(the swimming crab)should have a 33 mm height of escape vent or an 8 cm diameter escape hole,and the steel-framed round pots or accordion-shaped trap targeting Charybdis japonica(the Asian paddle crabs)should have a 30 mm height of escape vent installed on the side of pots.These results of fishing gear selectivity from the scientific basis for the implementation of fishing gear access systems,especially for identifying the minimum mesh size of fishing gear.In the future,the Fisheries Research Institute of China should conduct long-term investigations of selectivity in trans areas.Developing fishing gear access systems that are in line with a sustainable development is of great significance for the conservation and restoration of offshore fishery resources in China.