Discussion on Top-level Design of the Environmental Monitoring Standard System Based on the Changes of 109 Method Standards for Surface Water

The changes of 109 analytical methods for surface water in the past 20 years since the implementation of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002)were analyzed.Concidering with the analysis of specific items in the quality standard,it is suggested that the monograph method and the general method(the general method is moved to the standard collection of general rules and standards)can be combined when the analytical method is newly formulated and revised in the future;the limit table of the quality standard or pollution source emission standard is moved to the collection of general rules and standards,and the referenced analysis method standards are deleted.The description of analysis method standard is more succinct,and the structure of the whole ecological environment standard system is clearer.

Strategies for Construction of Majors in Universities with Different Characteristic Based on Social Needs

We used the basic principles of game theory to investigate development strategies for standards of professional competence in universities in the same geographic area,under conditions of non-uniform distribution of social demand preference.The results revealed that,under various conditions in our model,different approaches for differential strategies were selected by university U2 compared with university U1.Specifically,in the competition between U1 and U2,there is a differential strategy compression point of U2 to U1;When U2 universities choose the biggest differentiation strategy,university U1 also have differentiated strategy control points.Arbitrary decision-making of university U1 in relation to university U2 was based on the requirements of professional competence standards,according to the change of the social demand for professional competency standard,universities U2 will adopt the strategy of"no difference","maximum differentiation"and"comprehensive intermediate strategy",respectively.The current results have theoretical implications for the selection of professional development and professional competence development strategies in asymmetric universities operating in the same geographic area.

Analysis of Green Technology Upgrading Strategy Based on Collaborative Incentive of Environmental Policy and Green Finance

With the continuous development of economy, the bottleneck problem of environmental resources has become increasingly prominent. Enterprise environmental governance technology innovation incentive has become an important issue for the development of government, society and enterprises. Under the control of enterprise's expected economic target, this paper discusses the synergistic incentive effect of environmental policy and green finance on enterprise's environmental governance technology innovation decision by using nonlinear programming model. The results show that when the funds for environmental governance technological innovation are insufficient, there is an optimal decision space to use green financial loans to implement technological innovation and upgrade, and then achieve the expected economic goals;Under a given level of environmental governance technology, environmental policies affect whether enterprises can make decisions on technological innovation and upgrading of environmental governance;Green financial mechanism will not. However, when the enterprise makes the decision of environmental governance technology upgrading, it will affect the enterprise's decision on green financial loan amount. The results of the study have guiding significance for the formulation of environmental policy and green financial policy, as well as the decision-making of enterprise environmental governance technology innovation and upgrading.