As an important model for explaining the seismic rupture mode,the asperity model plays an important role in studying the stress accumulation of faults and the location of earthquake initiation.Taking Qilian-Haiyuan fa...As an important model for explaining the seismic rupture mode,the asperity model plays an important role in studying the stress accumulation of faults and the location of earthquake initiation.Taking Qilian-Haiyuan fault as an example,this paper combines geodetic method and b-value method to propose a multi-source observation data fusion detection method that accurately determines the asperity boundary named dual threshold search method.The method is based on the criterion that the b-value asperity boundary should be most consistent with the slip deficit rate asperity boundary.Then the optimal threshold combination of slip deficit rate and b-value is obtained through threshold search,which can be used to determine the boundary of the asperity.Based on this method,the study finds that there are four potential asperities on the Qilian-Haiyuan fault:two asperities(A1 and A2)are on the Tuolaishan segment and the other two asperities(B and C)are on Lenglongling segment and Jinqianghe segment,respectively.Among them,the lengths of asperities A1 and A2 on Tuolaishan segment are 17.0 km and 64.8 km,respectively.And the lower boundaries are 5.5 km and 15.5 km,respectively;The length of asperity B on Lenglongling segment is 70.7 km,and the lower boundary is 10.2 km.The length of asperity C on Jinqianghe segment is 42.3 km,and the lower boundary is 8.3 km.展开更多
With the advancements in instrumentations of next-generation synchrotron light sources,methodologies for small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)/wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD)experiments have dramatically evolved.Such ...With the advancements in instrumentations of next-generation synchrotron light sources,methodologies for small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)/wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD)experiments have dramatically evolved.Such experiments have developed into dynamic and multiscale in situ characterizations,leaving prolonged exposure time as well as radiation-induced damage a serious concern.However,reduction on exposure time or dose may result in noisier images with a lower signal-to-noise ratio,requiring powerful denoising mechanisms for physical information retrieval.Here,we tackle the problem from an algorithmic perspective by proposing a small yet effective machine-learning model for experimental SAXS/WAXD image denoising,allowing more redundancy for exposure time or dose reduction.Compared with classic models developed for natural image scenarios,our model provides a bespoke denoising solution,demonstrating superior performance on highly textured SAXS/WAXD images.The model is versatile and can be applied to denoising in other synchrotron imaging experiments when data volume and image complexity is concerned.展开更多
The maturation of dendritic cells(DCs)and infiltration effector T cells in tumor-draining lymph node(tdLN)and tumor tissue are crucial for immunotherapy.Despite constructive progresses have been made with anti-program...The maturation of dendritic cells(DCs)and infiltration effector T cells in tumor-draining lymph node(tdLN)and tumor tissue are crucial for immunotherapy.Despite constructive progresses have been made with anti-programmed death-1(anti-PD1)checkpoint blockade for immunotherapy,the efficacy of PD1/PD-L1 therapy deserves to be improved.Here,we constructed a novel transfersomes based nanovaccine complexed microneedles to enhance anti-PD1 immunotherapy via transdermal immunization for skin tumor therapy.Transfersomes were functionalized with DCs targeting moietyαCD40,co-encapsulated with antigens and adjuvant poly I:C.Moreover,transdermal administration promoted accumulation in tumor-draining lymph nodes(tdLN),which could facilitate cellular uptake,activate DCs maturation and enhance Th1 immune responses.Using a mouse melanoma model,combined therapy of such nanovaccine complexed microneedles with pembrolizumab(αPD1)was able to enhance cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation,promote infiltration and reduce regulatory T cells frequency in tdLN and tumor tissues,which achieved reversion of the immunosuppressive microenvironment into immune activation.This study highlighted the potential of transfersomes based nanovaccines complexed microneedles as an attractive platform for tumor immunotherapy.展开更多
In the present research,nutrient broth(NB)medium was identified to be able to neutralize the antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives.Therefore,an improved test method independent of NB medium was propos...In the present research,nutrient broth(NB)medium was identified to be able to neutralize the antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives.Therefore,an improved test method independent of NB medium was proposed to precisely quantify the antibacterial effectiveness and efficiency of chitosan.The minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of chitosan was 60μg m L^(-1) against S.aureus and E.coli,and 0.01%(w/v)chitosan could kill 100%of bacteria within 3 min.From another point of view,the neutralizing efficiency of NB could be tripled by adding 25 g L^(-1) of sodium chloride.Then the neutralizing mechanism of NB medium was ascribed to flocculation between chitosan and protein.Adding extra sodium chloride could significantly reduce the size of floccules,and smaller floccules would lose the ability of binding with bacteria directly,showing higher neutralizing rate on the macro scale.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China under Grants No.2018YFC1503604the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.41721003,No.42074007the Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University,No.19-01-08。
文摘As an important model for explaining the seismic rupture mode,the asperity model plays an important role in studying the stress accumulation of faults and the location of earthquake initiation.Taking Qilian-Haiyuan fault as an example,this paper combines geodetic method and b-value method to propose a multi-source observation data fusion detection method that accurately determines the asperity boundary named dual threshold search method.The method is based on the criterion that the b-value asperity boundary should be most consistent with the slip deficit rate asperity boundary.Then the optimal threshold combination of slip deficit rate and b-value is obtained through threshold search,which can be used to determine the boundary of the asperity.Based on this method,the study finds that there are four potential asperities on the Qilian-Haiyuan fault:two asperities(A1 and A2)are on the Tuolaishan segment and the other two asperities(B and C)are on Lenglongling segment and Jinqianghe segment,respectively.Among them,the lengths of asperities A1 and A2 on Tuolaishan segment are 17.0 km and 64.8 km,respectively.And the lower boundaries are 5.5 km and 15.5 km,respectively;The length of asperity B on Lenglongling segment is 70.7 km,and the lower boundary is 10.2 km.The length of asperity C on Jinqianghe segment is 42.3 km,and the lower boundary is 8.3 km.
基金This work was funded by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.12005253)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB 37000000)the Innovation Program of the Institute of High Energy Physics,CAS(No.E25455U210).All authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the BL10U1 and BL19U2 beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF),the I22 beamline at Diamond Light Source,and the 1W2A and 3W1A beamline at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility(BSRF)for generously offering beamtime to acquire experimental data.
文摘With the advancements in instrumentations of next-generation synchrotron light sources,methodologies for small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)/wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD)experiments have dramatically evolved.Such experiments have developed into dynamic and multiscale in situ characterizations,leaving prolonged exposure time as well as radiation-induced damage a serious concern.However,reduction on exposure time or dose may result in noisier images with a lower signal-to-noise ratio,requiring powerful denoising mechanisms for physical information retrieval.Here,we tackle the problem from an algorithmic perspective by proposing a small yet effective machine-learning model for experimental SAXS/WAXD image denoising,allowing more redundancy for exposure time or dose reduction.Compared with classic models developed for natural image scenarios,our model provides a bespoke denoising solution,demonstrating superior performance on highly textured SAXS/WAXD images.The model is versatile and can be applied to denoising in other synchrotron imaging experiments when data volume and image complexity is concerned.
基金work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670972)the Taishan Scholar Program,China.
文摘The maturation of dendritic cells(DCs)and infiltration effector T cells in tumor-draining lymph node(tdLN)and tumor tissue are crucial for immunotherapy.Despite constructive progresses have been made with anti-programmed death-1(anti-PD1)checkpoint blockade for immunotherapy,the efficacy of PD1/PD-L1 therapy deserves to be improved.Here,we constructed a novel transfersomes based nanovaccine complexed microneedles to enhance anti-PD1 immunotherapy via transdermal immunization for skin tumor therapy.Transfersomes were functionalized with DCs targeting moietyαCD40,co-encapsulated with antigens and adjuvant poly I:C.Moreover,transdermal administration promoted accumulation in tumor-draining lymph nodes(tdLN),which could facilitate cellular uptake,activate DCs maturation and enhance Th1 immune responses.Using a mouse melanoma model,combined therapy of such nanovaccine complexed microneedles with pembrolizumab(αPD1)was able to enhance cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation,promote infiltration and reduce regulatory T cells frequency in tdLN and tumor tissues,which achieved reversion of the immunosuppressive microenvironment into immune activation.This study highlighted the potential of transfersomes based nanovaccines complexed microneedles as an attractive platform for tumor immunotherapy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC(Nos.U1706212 and 81671828)。
文摘In the present research,nutrient broth(NB)medium was identified to be able to neutralize the antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives.Therefore,an improved test method independent of NB medium was proposed to precisely quantify the antibacterial effectiveness and efficiency of chitosan.The minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of chitosan was 60μg m L^(-1) against S.aureus and E.coli,and 0.01%(w/v)chitosan could kill 100%of bacteria within 3 min.From another point of view,the neutralizing efficiency of NB could be tripled by adding 25 g L^(-1) of sodium chloride.Then the neutralizing mechanism of NB medium was ascribed to flocculation between chitosan and protein.Adding extra sodium chloride could significantly reduce the size of floccules,and smaller floccules would lose the ability of binding with bacteria directly,showing higher neutralizing rate on the macro scale.