Exosomes,extracellular vesicles(EVs)that play crucial roles in biological processes,have emerged as attractive targets for noninvasive disease diagnosis and monitoring.Mass spectrometry(MS)offers high sensitivity,high...Exosomes,extracellular vesicles(EVs)that play crucial roles in biological processes,have emerged as attractive targets for noninvasive disease diagnosis and monitoring.Mass spectrometry(MS)offers high sensitivity,high throughput,and excellent qualification and quantification capacity,which is the ideal approach for exosome analysis.Nanomaterials’unique physiochemical properties,controllable morphology,and large surface area make them promising in biological sample pretreatment and detection.They contributed diverse functions to the exosome MS analysis,encompassing substrates for exosome isolation and cargos enrichment,matrices for laser desorption/ionization(LDI),read-out signals and supporters for signal amplification strategies,etc.In this review,recent progress in the applications of nanomaterial in the exosome MS analysis was summarized and a comprehensive discussion on the challenges and perspectives was proposed for the development of an advancing analysis approach of exosomes for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of diseases.展开更多
The service water environment of high temperature and high pressure was simulated for the steam generator heat transfer tube of pressurized water reactor.690 TT alloy tube and 405 SS plate were used to form the fricti...The service water environment of high temperature and high pressure was simulated for the steam generator heat transfer tube of pressurized water reactor.690 TT alloy tube and 405 SS plate were used to form the friction pair for impact slip dual-axis fretting corrosion experiments.The microstructure evolution of 690 TT alloy tube during dual-axis impact slip fretting corrosion was investigated.White light interferometer,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and Raman spectrum were used to investigate the microstructure and abrasive products of the abraded surface and near-surface.Results indicate that within 105 cycles,the wear mechanism of 690 TT alloy tube is mainly adhesive wear accompanied by material transfer.With the increase in cycles from 5×10^(5) to 2×10^(6),the wear mechanism of 690 TT alloy tube is mainly crack initiation,propagation,and delamination.In terms of microstructure evolution,mixed layer exists under the three body layer in the cross-section microstructure of samples after 105 cycles.The microstructures of samples after 5×10^(5) and 2×10^(6) cycles show slight difference and present a tribological transfer structure layer with thickness of about 500 nm.Additionally,the microstructure evolution enters the stable stage.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22074003,22125401 and 22104127)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3400700).
文摘Exosomes,extracellular vesicles(EVs)that play crucial roles in biological processes,have emerged as attractive targets for noninvasive disease diagnosis and monitoring.Mass spectrometry(MS)offers high sensitivity,high throughput,and excellent qualification and quantification capacity,which is the ideal approach for exosome analysis.Nanomaterials’unique physiochemical properties,controllable morphology,and large surface area make them promising in biological sample pretreatment and detection.They contributed diverse functions to the exosome MS analysis,encompassing substrates for exosome isolation and cargos enrichment,matrices for laser desorption/ionization(LDI),read-out signals and supporters for signal amplification strategies,etc.In this review,recent progress in the applications of nanomaterial in the exosome MS analysis was summarized and a comprehensive discussion on the challenges and perspectives was proposed for the development of an advancing analysis approach of exosomes for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of diseases.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB1900904)。
文摘The service water environment of high temperature and high pressure was simulated for the steam generator heat transfer tube of pressurized water reactor.690 TT alloy tube and 405 SS plate were used to form the friction pair for impact slip dual-axis fretting corrosion experiments.The microstructure evolution of 690 TT alloy tube during dual-axis impact slip fretting corrosion was investigated.White light interferometer,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and Raman spectrum were used to investigate the microstructure and abrasive products of the abraded surface and near-surface.Results indicate that within 105 cycles,the wear mechanism of 690 TT alloy tube is mainly adhesive wear accompanied by material transfer.With the increase in cycles from 5×10^(5) to 2×10^(6),the wear mechanism of 690 TT alloy tube is mainly crack initiation,propagation,and delamination.In terms of microstructure evolution,mixed layer exists under the three body layer in the cross-section microstructure of samples after 105 cycles.The microstructures of samples after 5×10^(5) and 2×10^(6) cycles show slight difference and present a tribological transfer structure layer with thickness of about 500 nm.Additionally,the microstructure evolution enters the stable stage.
