利用牛蹄塘组暗色泥页岩样品进行有机碳同位素(δ13 C org)、无机碳同位素(δ13 C carb)、氧同位素(δ18 O)、总有机碳(TOC)、微量元素测定,分析米仓山-汉南隆起区早寒武世古海洋环境及其与页岩有机质生产的关系。基于原始海洋巨大溶解...利用牛蹄塘组暗色泥页岩样品进行有机碳同位素(δ13 C org)、无机碳同位素(δ13 C carb)、氧同位素(δ18 O)、总有机碳(TOC)、微量元素测定,分析米仓山-汉南隆起区早寒武世古海洋环境及其与页岩有机质生产的关系。基于原始海洋巨大溶解有机碳库(DOC)和海洋分层理论,结合不同古海洋微生物种属碳分馏特征,描述米仓山-汉南隆起区早寒武世古海洋环境和有机质生产模式。结果表明:研究区牛蹄塘组页岩中获取的碳氧同位素具有良好的原始性,对研究区古海洋环境具有良好的指示意义;δ13 C org明显富集轻碳同位素(12 C)显示强烈的负异常,分布在-34.032‰^-29.537‰,属于L型无定形有机质,且更富集轻碳同位素;δ13 C carb明显富集重碳同位素(13 C),分布在-1.21‰~3.64‰;氧同位素δ18 O分布在-8.94‰^-3.5‰;研究区南北部碳氧同位素空间分布具有差异性,与南部西河乡剖面相比,北部宁强铁锁关和两河村剖面的碳同位素具较高的δ13 C org,偏正的δ13 C carb和高的δ13 C carb-org,且δ13 C carb与δ13 C org呈明显的解耦关系而与δ13 C carb-org线性相关;牛蹄塘组页岩碳氧同位素组成取决于海侵过程中藻类、化能自养、甲烷细菌、甲烷氧化菌等特殊的古海洋微生物种属分布或活动强度与上升洋流、海洋分层的有机结合。展开更多
Residual bitumen in organic-rich shale of oil windows exists widely, and its effect on the gas storage capacity of shale could be two-fold. Bitumen could occupy and block the nanopores of shale, thereby reducing the g...Residual bitumen in organic-rich shale of oil windows exists widely, and its effect on the gas storage capacity of shale could be two-fold. Bitumen could occupy and block the nanopores of shale, thereby reducing the gas storage capacity. On the other hand, gas could be dissolved in bitumen in shale gas reservoirs, leading to enhanced gas storage capacity. To quantify the effect of bitumen on the gas-in-place(GIP) estimation of lacustrine organic-rich shale, the micropore characteristics and methane sorption capacity of original and bitumen-free shale from the Triassic Yangchang Formation of the Ordos Basin, combined with the methane dissolution capacity for the isolated bitumen, were analyzed and compared. GIP for the original and bitumen-free shale in the depth range of 500–2500 m was evaluated. The results show that micropores in the shale samples were mainly related to organic matter. Clay mineral-hosted pores contributed slightly to microporosity. Bitumen significantly reduced the micropore surface area and volume of the original shale, with average percentages of 28.09% and 51.26%, respectively. The methane sorption capacity decreased after bitumen removal. When normalized to the original shale mass, the sum of the methane sorption capacity for bitumen-free shale and the methane dissolution capacity for isolated bitumen was similar to the methane sorption capacity of the original shale, indicating that the lack of methane absorbed on bitumen is the main reason for the decrease in methane sorption capacity after bitumen removal. The contribution of absorbed methane on bitumen to sorbed methane in shale could be higher than 36.23%. Dual effects of bitumen on shale GIP were observed. A high content of bitumen(1.12%) increased the GIP of the shale samples, with an average percentage of 23.5% in the depth range of 500–2500 m, while a low content of bitumen(0.06%) decreased the GIP, with an average percentage of 13.6%.展开更多
Each country seeks for advantage in its relations with other countries. On this basis, looking at the Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN）, the cooperation among its members, and the development of its rel...Each country seeks for advantage in its relations with other countries. On this basis, looking at the Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN）, the cooperation among its members, and the development of its relatively friendly relations with other countries, including the communication platforms, agendas and discussion topics, provides a means of looking at the evolution and prospects for cooperation in East Asia.展开更多
文摘利用牛蹄塘组暗色泥页岩样品进行有机碳同位素(δ13 C org)、无机碳同位素(δ13 C carb)、氧同位素(δ18 O)、总有机碳(TOC)、微量元素测定,分析米仓山-汉南隆起区早寒武世古海洋环境及其与页岩有机质生产的关系。基于原始海洋巨大溶解有机碳库(DOC)和海洋分层理论,结合不同古海洋微生物种属碳分馏特征,描述米仓山-汉南隆起区早寒武世古海洋环境和有机质生产模式。结果表明:研究区牛蹄塘组页岩中获取的碳氧同位素具有良好的原始性,对研究区古海洋环境具有良好的指示意义;δ13 C org明显富集轻碳同位素(12 C)显示强烈的负异常,分布在-34.032‰^-29.537‰,属于L型无定形有机质,且更富集轻碳同位素;δ13 C carb明显富集重碳同位素(13 C),分布在-1.21‰~3.64‰;氧同位素δ18 O分布在-8.94‰^-3.5‰;研究区南北部碳氧同位素空间分布具有差异性,与南部西河乡剖面相比,北部宁强铁锁关和两河村剖面的碳同位素具较高的δ13 C org,偏正的δ13 C carb和高的δ13 C carb-org,且δ13 C carb与δ13 C org呈明显的解耦关系而与δ13 C carb-org线性相关;牛蹄塘组页岩碳氧同位素组成取决于海侵过程中藻类、化能自养、甲烷细菌、甲烷氧化菌等特殊的古海洋微生物种属分布或活动强度与上升洋流、海洋分层的有机结合。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42172178,41402128)the“Light of West China”Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Key Laboratory Project of Gansu Province(Grant No.1309RTSA041)。
文摘Residual bitumen in organic-rich shale of oil windows exists widely, and its effect on the gas storage capacity of shale could be two-fold. Bitumen could occupy and block the nanopores of shale, thereby reducing the gas storage capacity. On the other hand, gas could be dissolved in bitumen in shale gas reservoirs, leading to enhanced gas storage capacity. To quantify the effect of bitumen on the gas-in-place(GIP) estimation of lacustrine organic-rich shale, the micropore characteristics and methane sorption capacity of original and bitumen-free shale from the Triassic Yangchang Formation of the Ordos Basin, combined with the methane dissolution capacity for the isolated bitumen, were analyzed and compared. GIP for the original and bitumen-free shale in the depth range of 500–2500 m was evaluated. The results show that micropores in the shale samples were mainly related to organic matter. Clay mineral-hosted pores contributed slightly to microporosity. Bitumen significantly reduced the micropore surface area and volume of the original shale, with average percentages of 28.09% and 51.26%, respectively. The methane sorption capacity decreased after bitumen removal. When normalized to the original shale mass, the sum of the methane sorption capacity for bitumen-free shale and the methane dissolution capacity for isolated bitumen was similar to the methane sorption capacity of the original shale, indicating that the lack of methane absorbed on bitumen is the main reason for the decrease in methane sorption capacity after bitumen removal. The contribution of absorbed methane on bitumen to sorbed methane in shale could be higher than 36.23%. Dual effects of bitumen on shale GIP were observed. A high content of bitumen(1.12%) increased the GIP of the shale samples, with an average percentage of 23.5% in the depth range of 500–2500 m, while a low content of bitumen(0.06%) decreased the GIP, with an average percentage of 13.6%.
文摘Each country seeks for advantage in its relations with other countries. On this basis, looking at the Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN）, the cooperation among its members, and the development of its relatively friendly relations with other countries, including the communication platforms, agendas and discussion topics, provides a means of looking at the evolution and prospects for cooperation in East Asia.
