Highly Active Sulfided NiPMo Hydrodesulfurization Catalyst Prepared from Keggin-type Phosphomolybdic Acid

A highly active sulfided NiPMo/MCM-41(NiPMo-S/M41)hydrodesulfurization(HDS)catalyst was successfully synthesized using Keggin-type phosphomolybdic acid as the phosphorus and molybdenum source and thioacetamide as the sulfur source.The supported catalysts NiPMo/M41,Ni_(2)P-Mo/M41,and Ni_(2)P/M41 were also prepared to investigate the effects of Mo,S,and the Keggin structure on the HDS performance.The HDS activities of NiPMo/M41 and NiPMo-S/M41 toward dibenzothiophene were much higher than that of Ni_(2)P-Mo/M41,demonstrating that the active phases in the Keggin-structured catalysts were significantly superior to the Mo-modified Ni_(2)P phase.The HDS activities of the catalysts followed the order NiPMo-S/M41(96.7%)>NiPMo/M41(89.9%)>Ni_(2)P-Mo/M41(53.5%)>Ni_(2)P/M41(48.9%).For Ni_(2)P/M41,Ni_(2)P-Mo/M41,and NiPMo/M41,cyclohexylbenzene(CHB)was formed in low concentrations(<21.0%),indicating that direct desulfurization was the favored reaction route and that this did not change for Keggin-structured NiPMo/M41.By contrast,the CHB selectivity of NiPMo-S/M41 increased to 44.6%,much higher than that of NiPMo/M41(17.6%),demonstrating that sulfidation enhanced the hydrogenation ability,which was ascribed to a metal-acid synergistic effect.

B助剂对Ni2P/MCM-41催化剂结构及其加氢性能的影响

采用程序升温还原法制备B改性的Ni2P/MCM-41催化剂,结合X-射线衍射(XRD)、N2等温吸附、CO吸附、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段对催化剂进行表征。考察不同B质量分数(1%~3%)对Ni2P/MCM-41催化剂的结构和加氢脱氧(HDO)、加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响。结果表明:B的引入能促进较小粒径、较高分散度的Ni2P相的生成,减少催化剂表面的磷富集,增加暴露的Ni活性位的数量,增大催化剂的比表面积;B的引入显著增加催化剂的L酸量,进而增加总酸量;B改性催化剂的HDO和HDS活性均高于不含B的催化剂,且当B的质量分数为2%时催化活性最佳,此时HDO反应转化率达到95%,无氧产率达82%,HDS反应转化率达到97%。

基于NI myRIO的自抗扰控制实验设计

为培养学生应用自抗扰控制方法的能力,设计了一种基于NI myRIO的自抗扰控制实验。该实验以NI myRIO为实时控制器,以LabVIEW为上位机,来获取水箱对象实验数据并建立数学模型,利用LabVIEW中的数学节点识别并调用M文件,完成自抗扰控制算法设计。通过使用LabVIEW控制与仿真回路模块,将自抗扰控制算法程序部署在NI myRIO硬件中进行仿真,证明该控制算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,自抗扰控制算法运行速度快、抗干扰能力强,能有效控制水箱实验对象。通过实验,学生可更好地掌握自抗扰控制的设计方法和工程实现方法。