Efficient SO_(2)removal using aqueous ionic liquid at low partial pressure

The development of novel absorbents is essential for SO_(2)removal.In this study,a novel ionic liquid(IL,[BHEP][HSO_(4)])was prepared,and water was selected as the co-solvent.The density and viscosity of aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)]were measured and the SO_(2)absorption performance was systematically investigated.Furthermore,the thermodynamic properties of SO_(2)in aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)]were calculated.Additionally,the mechanism of SO_(2)absorption in aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)]was confirmed using Fouriertransform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.It showed that[BHEP][HSO_(4)]absorbed0.302 g·g^(-1)(g SO_(2)/g IL)at an SO_(2)partial pressure of 2000μl·L^(-1)at 303.2 K,and the SO_(2)desorption enthalpy was-39.63 k J·mol^(-1).The mechanistic study confirmed the chemical absorption of SO_(2)in aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)].

可控碳改性Pd/TiO2用于直接合成双氧水:非均相界面对催化性能的影响（英文）

双氧水(H2O2)是一种重要的绿色氧化剂,广泛应用于纺织、医疗、废水处理、军事等重要领域.目前, H2O2的工业生产以蒽醌法为主,该法设备投资大、运行成本高,同时工艺涉及大量的有机溶液,活性中间体蒽醌也会发生缓慢降解,产生有毒副产物.与蒽醌法相比,通过负载型贵金属催化剂催化H2与O2反应直接合成H2O2,过程绿色环保且生产工艺简单,引起了各界广泛关注.然而,从热力学上分析, H2和O2更容易反应生成H2O, H2O2只是该反应的中间产物,会继续发生加氢和直接分解反应生成H2O,导致H2和O2的低效利用,开发高H2O2选择性且高反应效率的催化剂已成为氢氧直接合成H2O2研究的重点与难点.目前大部分研究策略旨在通过调控或影响反应中心结构、价态来抑制H2O2的副反应,进而提升H2O2的选择性和反应效率;尽管已取得了良好的进展,但仍需发展新的调控策略来满足工业应用的要求.本课题组前期研究表明,促使H2O2从催化剂上脱附可以有效地提升H2O2的选择性和产率.相比于针对反应中心的调控,不稳定的H2O2从催化剂上快速脱附同样起到抑制H2O2参与副反应的作用.为此,本文提出一种炭量可控的非均一界面改性方法,以常规的Pd/TiO2作为研究对象,借助各种结构表征,发现炭物种在TiO2表面呈非均一分散状态,而且改性对于催化剂的几何结构影响较小;另外,催化剂表面的疏水性会随着碳含量的增加而增加,导致其与H2O2间的吸附能相应变小.反应结果显示,表面非均一的炭化改性技术可以显著提升Pd/TiO2催化剂的H2O2选择性和产率.通过构效关系分析,可知这种改性技术可以保持Pd颗粒与TiO2间相互作用的同时,还可以促进H2O2的快速脱附,进而提升改性Pd/TiO2催化剂的H2O2直接合成效率.该改性方法简单、易控,可拓展应用到其他类型催化剂的H2O2直接合成性能调控与改进.

Supported ionic liquid sorbents for CO_2 capture from simulated flue-gas

Supported ionic liquid(IL) sorbents for CO_2 capture were prepared by impregnating tetramethylammonium glycinate([N1111][Gly]) into four types of porous materials in this study. The CO_2 adsorption behavior was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA). Among them, poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)-[N1111][Gly]exhibits the best CO_2 adsorption properties in terms of adsorption capacity and rate. The CO_2 adsorption capacity reaches up to 2.14 mmol·g-1 sorbent at 35 °C. The fast CO_2 adsorption rate of PMMA-[N1111][Gly] allows 60 min of adsorption equilibrium time at 35 °C and much shorter time of 4 min is achieved at 75 °C. Further, Avrami's fractional-order kinetic model was used and fitted well with the experiment data, which shows good consistency between experimental results and theoretical model. In addition, PMMA-[N1111][Gly] remained excellent durability in the continuous adsorption–desorption cycling test. Therefore, this stable PMMA-[N1111][Gly] sorbent has great potential to be used for fast CO_2 adsorption from flue-gas.

Molecular insights on Ca^(2+)/Na+separation via graphene-based nanopores:The role of electrostatic interactions to ionic dehydration

Ca^(2+)/Na+separation is a common problem in industrial applications,biological and medical fields.However,Ca^(2+)and Na+have similar ionic radii and hydration radii,thus Ca^(2+)/Na+separation is challenging.Inspired by biological channels,group modification is one of the effective methods to improve the separation performance.In this work,molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effects of different functional groups(COO,NH3+)on the separation performance of Ca^(2+)and Na+through graphene nanopores under an electric field.The pristine graphene nanopore was used for comparison.Results showed that three types of nanopores preferred Ca^(2+)to Na+,and Ca^(2+)/Na+selectivity followed the order of GE-COO(4.06)>GE(1.85)>GE-NH3+(1.63).Detailed analysis of ionic hydration microstructure shows that different nanopores result in different hydration factors for the second hydration layer of Ca^(2+)and the first layer of Na+.Such different hydration factors corresponding to the dehydration ability can effectively evaluate the separation performance.In addition,the breaking of hydrogen bonds between water molecules due to electrostatic effects can directly affect the dehydration ability.Therefore,the electrostatic effect generated by group modification will affect the ionic hydration microstructure,thus reflecting the differences in dehydration ability.This in turn affects the permeable and separation performance of cations.The results of this work provide perceptive guidelines for the application of graphene-based membranes in ion separation.

Experimental studies of air-blast atomization on the CO_(2)capture with aqueous alkali solutions

In this work,an air-blast atomizing column was used to study the CO2 capture performance with aqueous MEA(mono-ethanol-amine)and Na OH solutions.The effects of gas flow rate,the liquid to gas ratio(L/G),the CO2 concentration on the CO2 removal efficiency(η)and the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient(KGav)were investigated.The air-blast atomizing column was also compared with the pressure spray tower on the studies of the CO2 capture performance.For the aqueous MEA and Na OH solutions,the experimental results show that theηdecreases with increasing gas flow rate and CO2 concentration while it increases with increasing L/G.The effects on KGavare more complicated than those forη.When the CO2 concentration is low(3 vol%),KGavincreases with increasing gas flow rate while decreases with increasing L/G.However,when the CO2 concentration is high(9.5 vol%),as the gas flow rate and L/G increases,KGavincreases first and then decreases.The aqueous MEA solution achieves higherηand KGavthan the aqueous Na OH solution.The air-blast atomizing column shows a good performance on CO2 capture.

Roles of FERONIA-like receptor genes in regulating grain size and quality in rice

Grain yield and quality are critical factors that determine the value of grain crops.In this study,we analyzed the functions of 12 FERONIA-like receptor(FLR)family members in rice and investigated their effects on grain size and quality.We found that FLR1,FLR2 and FLR8 negatively regulated grain size,and FLR15 positively regulated grain size.flr1 mutants had a higher cell number and an accelerated rate of grain filling compared to wild-type plants,which led to grains with greater widths.A mechanism underlying the regulation of grain size by FLR1 is that FLR1 is associated with OsRac1 Rho-like GTPase,a positive regulator of grain size.Regarding grain quality,the flr1 mutant had a higher percentage of chalkiness compared with wild-type plants,and seeds carrying mutations in flr3 and flr14 had endosperms with white floury cores.To elucidate the possible mechanism underlying this phenomenon,we found that FLR1 was constitutively expressed during endosperm development.RNA-seq analysis identified 2,367 genes that were differentially expressed in the flr1 mutant,including genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism and carbon fixation.In this study,we identified the roles played by several FLR genes in regulating grain size and quality in rice and provided insights into the molecular mechanism governing the FLR1-mediated regulation of grain size.

RALF–FERONIA Signaling: Linking Plant Immune Response with Cell Growth

Plants perceive various external and internal signals to self-modulate biological processes through members of the receptor-like kinase(RLK)family,among which Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like(CrRLK1L)proteins with their ligands,rapid alkalinization factor(RALF)peptides,have attracted considerable interest.FERONIA(FER),a CrRLK1L member,was initially reported to act as a major plant cell growth modulator in distinct tissues.Subsequently,the RALF–FER pathway was confirmed to function as an essential regulator of plant stress responses,including but not limited to immune responses.Furthermore,the RALF–FER pathway modulates immune responses and cell growth in a context-specific manner,and the vital roles of this pathway are beginning to be appreciated in crop species.The recent remarkable advances in understanding the functions and molecular mechanisms of the RALF–FER pathway have also raised many interesting questions that need to be answered in the future.This review mainly focuses on the roles of FER and other CrRLK1L members in modulating immune responses in the context of cell growth in response to their RALF peptide ligands and presents a brief outlook for future research.