Temperature is a fundamental thermodynamic variable for matter.Physical observables are often found to either increase or decrease with it,or show a non-monotonic dependence with peaks signaling underlying phase trans...Temperature is a fundamental thermodynamic variable for matter.Physical observables are often found to either increase or decrease with it,or show a non-monotonic dependence with peaks signaling underlying phase transitions or anomalies.Statistical Held theory has established connection between temperature and time:a quantum ensemble with inverse temperatureβis formally equivalent to a dynamic system evolving along an imaginary time from 0 to iβin the space one dimension higher.Here we report that a gas of hard-core bosons interacting with a thermal bath manifests an unexpected temperature-periodic oscillation of its macroscopic observables,arising from the microscopic origin of space-time locked translational symmetry breaking and crystalline ordering.Such a temperature crystal,supported by quantum Monte Carlo simulation,generalizes the concept of purely spatial density-wave order to the imaginary time axis for Euclidean action.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0302001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11674221 and 11745006)+5 种基金Shanghai Rising-Star ProgramEastern Scholar Professor of Distinguished Appointment Programthe AFOSR(Grant No.FA9550-16-1-0006)MURI-ARO(Grant No.W911NF-17-1-0323)through UC Santa Barbara,the NSF China Overseas Scholar Collaborative Program(Grant No.11429402)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)。
文摘Temperature is a fundamental thermodynamic variable for matter.Physical observables are often found to either increase or decrease with it,or show a non-monotonic dependence with peaks signaling underlying phase transitions or anomalies.Statistical Held theory has established connection between temperature and time:a quantum ensemble with inverse temperatureβis formally equivalent to a dynamic system evolving along an imaginary time from 0 to iβin the space one dimension higher.Here we report that a gas of hard-core bosons interacting with a thermal bath manifests an unexpected temperature-periodic oscillation of its macroscopic observables,arising from the microscopic origin of space-time locked translational symmetry breaking and crystalline ordering.Such a temperature crystal,supported by quantum Monte Carlo simulation,generalizes the concept of purely spatial density-wave order to the imaginary time axis for Euclidean action.
