Study on Quality Markers of Poria cocos Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Network Pharmacology Technology

[Objectives]To analyze the main chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Poria cocos by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and explore the active components for P.cocos in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea(PD)by network pharmacology to predict its quality markers(Q-marker).[Methods]Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)in positive and negative ion mode was used to collect high quality MS and MS/MS data of Poria cocos,and qualitative characterization of the components in Poria cocos was performed using Analyst TF 1.7.1 and PeakView 2.2 software with reference to internal databases and literature.Taking the above identified chemical components as the research object,we used network pharmacology to discover the potential effective components and their key targets of PD,and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of the core targets was performed to screen the Q-marker of P.cocos based on the five principles of Q-marker of TCM.[Results]UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique was used to identify 41 chemical components of P.cocos,including 3 amino acids,26 triterpenoids,4 lactones,7 organic acids and 1 adenosine.It was more likely to lose H 2O and CO 2 during cleavage and break at the carbonyl group.The triterpenoids were mainly in the form of[M-H]-peaks in negative ion mode,which was easy to lose some structural fragments such as H 2O,CH 3COOH,CH 4,CO 2,etc.Further network pharmacological analysis showed that 302 targets of chemical components of P.cocos,518 targets of PD,28 common targets of component and disease,and 27 core targets such as PTGS2,ESR1,TNF,IL1B were observed by PPI interactions network analysis.451 biological processes such as hormone response and inflammatory response regulation were obtained by GO enrichment analysis.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 89 pathways including PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway were obtained.The connectivity value of components was analyzed.The core components with the connectivity value greater than 10,including poricoic acid A,polyporenic acid,polyporenic acid C,and 25-hydroxy-3-epidehydrotumoric acid were selected,while the key targets with the connectivity value greater than 15 included TNF,PTGS2,IL1B and CASP3.Molecular docking between core components and key targets was performed,and most of the docking energy was less than-5 kcal/mol,indicating that the binding between the active components and target proteins of P.cocos was relatively stable,so 23 active components of P.cocos were determined.Following the five principles of Q-marker,four possible Q-markers of P.cocos were predicted,including poricoic acid A,pachymic acid,polyporenic acid C,and 25-hydroxy-3-epidehydrotumoric acid.[Conclusions]P.cocos was mainly composed of triterpenoids,its effect on the treatment of PD may be achieved mainly by poricoic acid A,pachymic acid,polyporenic acid C,and 25-hydroxy-3-epi-dehydrotumoric acid acting on PTGS2,ESR1,TNF,IL1B and other targets to regulate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,etc.Based on these active components,poricoic acid A,pachymic acid,polyporenic acid C,and 25-hydroxy-3-epi-dehydrotumoric acid could be taken as Q-markers of P.cocos,which provided a solid basis for further improving the quality standard of P.cocos.

Effects of Different Initial Processing Methods on Atractylodin Content of Atractylodes chinensis

[Objectives]The paper was to compare the effects of different initial processing methods on atractylodin content of Atractylodes chinensis.[Methods]The atractylodin content of A.chinensis obtained by different initial processing methods was determined by HPLC.The loss rate on drying was determined by weighing.[Results]In the study of drying methods,the atractylodin content varied significantly among different thicknesses of slices,and the overall content of the product with the slice thickness of 5 mm was higher.Among different drying methods,constant temperature vacuum drying and shade drying of 5 mm slice resulted in the highest content of atractylodin.In the experiment of root impacting,root impacting twice received the best effect,and there was no significant difference in the atractylosin content of A.chinensis between drying in the sun and drying in the shade after root impacting twice(P>0.05).[Conclusions]Constant temperature vacuum drying or drying in the shade with the slice thickness of 5 mm,and root impacting twice is the best initial processing method,which leads to high atractylodin content of A.chinensis and good quality of medicinal materials.

人中(GV26)及内关(PC6)特效穴对颅脑外伤术后昏迷患者促醒疗效观察

[目的]探讨人中(GV26)及内关(PC6)特效穴组合对颅脑外伤(TBI)术后患者的促醒疗效及操作安全性。[方法]将重症监护病房(ICU)100例符合研究纳入标准的TBI术后昏迷患者随机分为特效穴治疗组与常规基础治疗对照组,每组50例。两组患者术后均采取常规西医治疗方案;特效穴治疗组在基础治疗方案基础上于术后第3天加用特效穴刺激治疗,治疗方案:取人中及内关穴,人中穴重手法雀啄刺激至患者眼球湿润或流泪,双侧内关穴电针疏密波刺激,频率10/50 Hz,电流强度以患者穴位局部肌肉抽动为度,每日治疗1次,留针90 min,共治疗14 d;对照组按常规基础方案治疗。疗效评价指标包括14 d苏醒率、失匹配负波(MMN)、总住院时间与ICU住院时间、死亡事件发生数等。[结果]特效穴治疗组患者在治疗14 d后苏醒患者19例,苏醒率38%,优于对照组(10例,20%),MMN波形振幅增加高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);特效穴治疗组患者总住院时间及ICU住院时间均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]新发颅脑外伤术后第3天,开展针刺特效穴人中及内关治疗有助于改善患者意识障碍状态,并对缩短总住院时间及ICU住院时间具有帮助意义,同时重手法长时间结合双侧电针刺激的针刺操作方案是安全的,且操作简便易标准化统一,值得临床推广运用与进一步研究。

Geological characteristics,metallogenic regularity,and research progress of lithium deposits in China

China is rich in abundant lithium resources characterized by considerable reserves and a concentrated distribution of metallogenic zones or belts,with proven reserves of 4046.8×10^(3) t(calculated based on Li_(2)O)by 2021.China is also a big consumer of lithium.By 2019,China’s lithium consumption in the battery sector alone had reached 99×10^(3) t,with an average annual growth rate of nearly 26%.China has become the world’s largest importer of lithium resources,showing a severely unbalanced relationship between supply and demand for lithium resources.Therefore,there is an urgent need for the prospecting,exploitation,and study of lithium resources in China.This study collected,organized,and summarized the data on the major lithium deposits in China,analyzed and compared the spatial-temporal distribution patterns,geological characteristics,and metallogenic regularity of these lithium deposits,and summarized the prospecting and research achievements over the last decade.The major lithium deposits in China are distributed in provinces and regions such as Qinghai,Jiangxi,Sichuan,Tibet,and Xinjiang.These deposits are mostly small in scale.According to different genetic types,this study divided lithium deposits into granitic pegmatite type,granite type,saline lake brine type,underground brine type,and sedimentary type,as well as new types including hot spring type and magmatic-hydrothermal type,and summarized the characteristics and key metallogenic factors of these different types of deposits.Sixteen metallogenic prospect areas of lithium deposits were delineated according to the deposit types and the distribution patterns of metallogenic belts.The paper introduced the research progress in major metallogenic models and lithium extraction techniques made over the past decade.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the prospecting potential of lithium deposits,the authors concluded that the future prospecting of lithium resources in China should focus on lithium metallogenic belts,the deep and peripheral areas of currently determined large-scale pegmatite-type lithium deposits,geophysical-geochemical anomalous areas with mineralization clues,and areas with developed large-scale low-grade associated granite-type and sedimentary lithium resources.The study aims to serve as a guide for the future prospecting of lithium deposits in China.

Two-dimensional Sb cluster superlattice on Si substrate fabricated by a two-step method

Nanoclusters consisting of a few atoms have attracted a lot of research interests due to their exotic size-dependent properties. Here, well-ordered two-dimensional Sb cluster superlattice was fabricated on Si substrate by a two-step method and characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy. High resolution scanning tunneling microscope measurements revealed the fine structures of the Sb clusters, which consist of several Sb atoms ranging from 2 to 7. Furthermore, the electronic structure of the nanocluster displays the quantized energy-level which is due to the single-electron tunneling effects. We believe that the fabrication of Sb cluster superlattice broadens the species of the cluster superlattice and provides a promising candidate to further explore the novel physical and chemical properties of the semimetal nanocluster.

Pharmacodynamic Substance and Mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala in Treating PD Based on LC-MS and Network Pharmacology Technology

[Objectives]The paper was to explore the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala in treating primary dysmenorrhea(PD).[Methods]The components of A.macrocephala were qualitatively identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)combined with analyst TF 1.7.1 and peakview 2.2 software with reference to internal databases and literatures.The chemical components of A.macrocephala and the target of PD were collected by using network pharmacological data.The common genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)of genes and genomes with the help of String database and Metascape platform,and the affinity between core molecules and key targets was verified.[Results]A total of 23 chemical components of A.macrocephala were identified,and 301 gene targets of chemical components of A.macrocephala,614 targets of PD,and 25 intersection targets were obtained.GO analysis results obtained 505 biological processes,11 cellular components,and 33 molecular functions.KEGG pathway analysis showed that it mainly involved TNF signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,estrogen receptor signaling pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism.The top 4 targets of PPI network centrality and the top 5 compounds of A.macrocephala-component-target-disease network centrality were selected for docking.The docking results showed that atractylenolide I,Selinar-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one,and atractylenolide II had strong binding ability.[Conclusions]A.macrocephala may exert a curative effect on PD by targeting atractylenolide I,Selinar-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one,and atractylenolide II on key targets such as TNF,IL6,IL1β,PTGS2 to regulate cellular TNF signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,estrogen receptor signaling pathway,and arachidonic acid metabolism.

早期电针干预对颅脑外伤术后患者意识状态的影响

目的:评价电针对颅脑外伤术后患者的促醒作用。方法:将100例颅脑外伤昏迷患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各50例。对照组以促醒药物和神经营养药物治疗为主;观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用电针刺激内关及水沟穴,疏密波,频率10 Hz/50 Hz,电流强度0.1~5 mA,电针30 min后再留针60 min,每日治疗1次,连续治疗14 d。观察两组患者治疗前,治疗7、14 d后格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)变化;治疗后随访3个月评估两组患者格拉斯哥预后分级(GOS)、Barthel指数(BI)评分。结果:两组患者治疗7、14 d后GCS评分较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组升高幅度明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月随访,观察组患者GOS分级及BI评分均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:早期电针治疗可以有效促进颅脑外伤术后患者意识恢复,远期疗效较好。