康复外骨骼机器人对脑卒中下肢运动功能障碍疗效的Meta分析

目的:运用Meta分析方法系统评价康复外骨骼机器人对脑卒中患者下肢运动功能的康复疗效,并比较不同下肢外骨骼机器人的疗效差异,为脑卒中下肢运动功能障碍患者选择适合的外骨骼机器人提供科学理论依据。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、维普和万方数据库的相关文献,收集从建库至2022年11月发表的关于探讨下肢康复外骨骼机器人改善脑卒中患者下肢运动功能的随机对照临床试验。由2名研究人员进行文献检索与筛选,使用Cochrane 5.1.0偏倚风险评估工具和Jadad量表对纳入文献进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 17.0软件对结局指标进行Meta分析。结果:①最终纳入22篇文献,Jadad评分显示均为高质量文献,共865例患者,试验组436例、对照组429例。②Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,外骨骼机器人可显著提高脑卒中患者下肢运动功能(Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity,FMA-LE)评分(MD=2.63,95%CI:1.87-3.38,P<0.05)、平衡功能(Berg Balance Scale,BBS)评分(MD=3.62,95%CI:1.21-6.03,P<0.05)、站起-走测试量表(Timed Up and Go,TUG)评分(MD=-2.77,95%CI:-4.48至-1.05,P<0.05)和步频(MD=3.15,95%CI:1.57-4.72,P<0.05),但对功能性步行量表(Functional Ambulation Category Scale,FAC)评分(MD=0.30,95%CI:-0.01-0.61,P>0.05)和6 min步行测试(6-minute walk test,6MWT)评分(MD=3.77,95%CI:-6.60-14.14,P>0.05)的提高不明显。③网状Meta分析结果显示,FMA-LE评分:平地行走式外骨骼(MD=10.23,95%CI:3.81-27.49,P<0.05)和减重式外骨骼(MD=33.66,95%CI:11.49-98.54,P<0.05)与常规康复治疗相比均能改善FMA-LE评分,排序结果为减重式外骨骼>平地行走式外骨骼>常规康复治疗;BBS评分:减重式外骨骼(MD=79.86,95%CI:2.34-2725.99,P<0.05)与常规康复治疗相比能显著改善BBS评分,排序结果为减重式外骨骼>平地行走式外骨骼>常规康复治疗;FAC评分:平地行走式外骨骼(MD=1.38,95%CI:1.00-1.90,P<0.05)与常规康复治疗相比能显著改善FAC评分,排序结果为平地行走式外骨骼>减重式外骨骼>常规康复治疗;TUG评分:减重式外骨骼与常规康复治疗相比(MD=0.07,95%CI:0.01-0.51,P<0.05)能显著改善TUG评分,排序结果为平地行走式外骨骼>减重式外骨骼>常规康复治疗。结论:康复外骨骼机器人可以改善脑卒中患者平衡、步行以及日常生活活动能力,其中减重式外骨骼在提高下肢运动功能和平衡功能方面疗效更优,平地行走式外骨骼在提高功能性步行和转移能力方面疗效更佳。

近10年脑机接口技术用于康复医学领域的可视化分析

目的分析近10年脑机接口技术应用于康复领域的相关研究。方法检索2013年1月至2023年8月中国知网和Web of Science核心合集中有关脑机接口技术用于康复领域的文献。应用CiteSpace 6.2.R4软件进行可视化分析并绘制知识图谱。结果共纳入1582篇文献,其中中文文献506篇,英文文献1076篇。中英文年发文量均呈上升趋势。英文文献中,中国为发文量最多的国家,美国中心性最高。中文高产作者为明东,高产机构为天津大学。英文高产作者为Birbaumer N、Jochumsen M,高产机构为图宾根大学。中英文研究热点包括运动想象、脑卒中、脑电信号等。聚类结果显示,相关研究主要聚集于基础研究、疾病、功能以及联合应用4个方面。脑机接口联合运动想象、外骨骼康复机器人、功能性电刺激、虚拟现实等在脑卒中后的应用占较大比例。结论脑机接口应用于康复医学领域相关研究的热度总体呈上升趋势。未来可持续关注脑机接口技术在脑卒中、脊髓损伤、肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者中的应用。神经可塑性和信号解码等基础研究值得国内学者关注。

Daily rolling estimation of carbon emission cost of coal-fired units considering long-cycle interactive operation simulation of carbon-electricity market

The high overlap of participants in the carbon emissions trading and electricity markets couples the operations of the two markets.The carbon emission cost(CEC)of coal-fired units becomes part of the power generation cost through market coupling.The accuracy of CEC calculation affects the clearing capacity of coal-fired units in the electric power market.Study of carbon–electricity market interaction and CEC calculations is still in its initial stages.This study analyzes the impact of carbon emissions trading and compliance on the operation of the electric power market and defines the cost transmission mode between the carbon emissions trading and electric power markets.A long-period interactive operation simulation mechanism for the carbon–electricity market is established,and operation and trading models of the carbon emissions trading market and electric power market are established.A daily rolling estimation method for the CEC of coal-fired units is proposed,along with the CEC per unit electric quantity of the coal-fired units.The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through an example simulation,and the factors influencing the CEC are analyzed.

A Primary Study on Mechanical Properties of Heat-Treated Wood via in-situ Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate

This study aims to improve the value of fast-growing wood and extend the heat-treated wood utilization using inorganic calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))crystals via an in-situ synthesis method.CaCl_(2)and Na 2CO_(3)solutions with a concentration ratio of 1:1 were successively introduced into the thermally modified poplar wood obtained by steam heat treatment(HT)at 200℃for 1.5 and 3 h,resulting in the in-situ synthesis of CaCO_(3)crystals inside the heat-treated wood.The filling effect was best at the concentration of 1.2 mol/L.CaCO_(3)was uniformly distributed in the cell cavities of the heat-treated wood,and some of the crystals were embedded in the fissures of the wood cell walls.The morphology of CaCO_(3)crystals was mainly spherical and rhombic polyhedral.Three main types of CaCO_(3)crystals were calcite,vaterite,and aragonite.The HT of poplar wood at 200℃resulted in degrading the chemical components of the wood cell wall.This degradation led to reduced wood mechanical properties,including the surface hardness(HD),modulus of rupture(MOR),and modulus of elasticity(MOE).After CaCO_(3)was in-situ synthesized in the heat-treated wood,the HD increased by 18.36%and 16.35%,and MOR increased by 14.64%and 8.89%,respectively.Because of the CaCO_(3)synthesization,the char residue of the 200℃heat-treated wood samples increased by 9.31%and the maximum weight loss rate decreased by 19.80%,indicating that the filling with CaCO_(3)cannot only improve the mechanical properties of the heat-treated wood but also effectively enhance its thermal stability.

X100钢在模拟碱性土壤溶液中的腐蚀行为

为了给X100钢在工程中的应用提供数据参考,采用电化学方法,选用典型模拟碱性土壤溶液,通过改变Cl-浓度、浸泡时间以及极化恒电位值,研究X100钢的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明:X100钢的腐蚀为活化-钝化过程,其交流阻抗谱包括高频容抗弧和低频容抗弧,在低频段出现Warburg阻抗;CE浓度从0.15mol/L增大到0.25mol/L时,溶液中的电荷转移电阻增大,反应形成的钝化膜越来越致密,导致腐蚀速率减小;浸泡时间从2h增加到8h时,电荷转移电阻减小,导致电极表面腐蚀加剧;在-0.60~0.40V极化扫描下,电荷转移电阻明显增加,钝化膜变得致密,导致腐蚀抗力增大,腐蚀速率减小。

X100钢在流动氯化物中的腐蚀行为

为了给油气田的腐蚀防护方案和研究方向提供借鉴,采用动电位极化曲线、交流阻抗谱以及扫描电镜(SEM)等手段研究了静止、流动2种状态下Cl^-浓度对X100钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:流动状态改变不影响动电位极化曲线阴阳极反应机理;但和静止状态相比,流动的液体加速了腐蚀产物的迁移,并且增加了电极表面的剪切力,破坏了腐蚀产物层,增加了电极表面侵蚀离子的接触几率,使电极表面腐蚀点增多,腐蚀面积更大,腐蚀速率大幅度提高;阻抗谱对比研究发现,流动状态下的液相传质速度增加,溶液和电极表面之间离子浓度迅速达到均匀分布,导致Warburg阻抗消失,最终流体力学因素与腐蚀电化学因素共同作用,促进了流动状态下的腐蚀,使得腐蚀速率是静止条件下的200多倍,达到58.365 mm/a。

新型低Cr钢在饱和CO_2溶液中的腐蚀行为

目前,对含Cr 4%的新型低Cr钢的耐蚀性研究较少。采用电化学极化曲线和交流阻抗谱法研究了新型低Cr钢与20钢在CO_2环境中的腐蚀行为,主要考察了温度与Cl-浓度的影响。结果表明:在含CO_2介质中,温度与Cl-浓度均不影响新型低Cr钢的阴阳极反应机理,反应由阴极控制,交流阻抗谱均为单一的容抗弧;在含CO_2介质中,温度和Cl-浓度均不影响20钢的反应机理,反应由阴极控制,交流阻抗谱均由高频容抗弧和低频容抗弧2个容抗弧组成;在相同的腐蚀环境下,新型低Cr钢的腐蚀速率均小于20钢的,电荷转移电阻Rct大于20钢的,表明其腐蚀产物膜比20钢更致密。

X80钢在NS4模拟土壤溶液中的应力腐蚀行为

为了更好地研究管线钢在土壤溶液中的腐蚀机理,为其防腐蚀措施的制订提供理论依据,采用四点弯曲法,结合动电位极化和电化学交流阻抗等电化学测试技术研究了近中性模拟土壤溶液中应力、温度以及主要离子浓度等因素对X80钢应力腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:在NS4溶液中,应力变化对于Ecorr的影响很小,其仅在15 m V内波动;温度对腐蚀速率的影响呈现规律性变化,即温度升高,X80钢的腐蚀速率增大;外加应力存在时,随Cl-浓度的增加,其自腐蚀电位Ecorr和腐蚀速率变化较大,均比无应力时的高;在较低HCO3-存在的条件下,HCO3-有促进腐蚀加剧的作用。

HCO_(3)^(-)对超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢钝化行为及点蚀行为的影响

目的研究在0.1 mol/L NaCl硼酸缓冲溶液中,研究HCO_3~–对超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢的钝化及点蚀行为的影响。方法采用动电位极化、恒电位极化、Mott-Schottky曲线、电化学阻抗谱等电化学测试手段,并结合3D超景深显微镜进行点蚀形貌观察,研究超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢的电化学腐蚀行为。结果随着HCO_3~–浓度的增加,超级13Cr的钝化区间变宽,点蚀电位向正向移动,稳态点蚀发生的敏感性降低。HCO_3~–减少了超级13Cr亚稳态点蚀数量,降低了亚稳态点蚀电流密度峰值的平均值。随着HCO_3~–浓度的增大,超级13Cr钝化膜电阻Rf升高,电荷转移电阻Rct升高,钝化膜电容Cf逐渐减小。HCO_3~–使得超级13Cr钝化膜半导体特性由n型转变为n+p型双极性,且随着溶液中HCO_3~–浓度的增大,钝化膜中的施主密度ND和受主密度NA减小。结论 HCO_3~–的加入使得超级13Cr不锈钢钝化膜厚度增大,钝化膜内点缺陷密度降低,对基体的保护作用增强,抑制了超级13Cr的亚稳态和稳态点蚀发生。

妊娠后期营养限制对蒙古绵羊胎儿生物原胺类神经递质的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期营养限制对蒙古绵羊胎儿生物原胺类神经递质的影响。选择健康、体况相近的蒙古绵羊18只,对其进行同期发情、配种后,从妊娠第90天开始,随机分为3个组:营养限制1组[NG1组,n=6,代谢能(ME)=0.175 MJ/(kg BW 0.75·d)]、营养限制2组[NG2组,n=6,ME=0.330 MJ/(kg BW 0.75·d)]和对照组[CG组,n=6,ME=0.670 MJ/(kg BW 0.75·d)],在妊娠第140天时屠宰,取各组胎儿及其脑组织和血液。结果显示:NG1组胎儿的脑重较CG组显著增高(P<0.05),并且NG1组胎儿脑中5-羟色胺(5-HT)(P<0.01)、肾上腺素(EPI)(P<0.05)含量显著或极显著高于CG组,去甲肾上腺素(NA)的含量极显著低于CG组(P<0.01)。NG2组胎儿脑中5-HT含量极显著高于CG组(P<0.01),而NA(P<0.01)、多巴胺(DA)(P<0.05)含量显著或极显著低于CG组。另外,NG1组胎儿血浆中5-HT(P<0.01)、EPI(P<0.01)、NA(P<0.05)、DA(P<0.01)含量显著或极显著低于CG组;NG2组胎儿血浆中5-HT(P<0.01)、NA(P<0.01)、DA(P<0.05)含量显著或极显著低于CG组。由此得出,妊娠后期营养限制使得蒙古绵羊胎儿脑中5-HT、EPI含量升高和NA含量降低,血浆中5-HT、EPI、NA、DA含量降低。

以铸牢中华民族共同体推动构建人类命运共同体

“铸牢中华民族共同体”和“推动构建人类命运共同体”是中国特色社会主义进入新时代的两项重大任务,深刻体现着习近平总书记实现中华民族伟大复兴的深沉民族情结和致力促进人类大同的博大世界情怀。两者之间息息相关,具有深度交融、良性互动、相得益彰的内在联系。在新时代尤其是当前全球抗疫背景下,应当深刻理解和着力把握“铸牢中华民族共同体”和“推动构建人类命运共同体”的密切关系,深入挖掘和充分发挥以铸牢中华民族共同体推动构建人类命运共同体方面的多种显著优势。主要路径包括:对内强化社会主义新型民族关系和对外推动建设新型国际关系相结合;建设中华民族共有精神家园与推动形成人类共同价值观念相结合;推进国内治理体系和治理能力现代化与促进全球治理体系变革相结合;充分发挥中华优秀传统文化积极作用与推进世界文明交流互鉴相结合。

The pore-fracture system properties of coalbed methane reservoirs in the Panguan Syncline,Guizhou,China

The Panguan Syncline contains abundant coal resources, which may be a potential source of coalbed methane. In order to evaluate the coalbed methane production potential in this area, we investi- gated the pore-fracture system of coalbed methane reservoirs, and analyzed the gas sorption and seepage capacities by using various analytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, optical microscopy, mercury-injection test, low-temperature N2 isotherm adsorption/desorption analyses, low- field nuclear magnetic resonance and methane isothermal adsorption measurements. The results show that the samples of the coal reservoirs in the Panguan Syncline have moderate gas sorption capacity. However, the coals in the study area have favorable seepage capacities, and are conductive for the coalbed methane production. The physical properties of the coalbed methane reservoirs in the Panguan Syncline are gener- ally controlled by coal metamorphism： the low rank coal usually has low methane sorption capacity and its pore and microfractures are poorly developed; while the medium rank coal has better methane sorption capacity, and its seepage pores and microfractures are well developed, which are sufficient for the coalbed methane＇s gathering and exploration. Therefore, the medium rank coals in the Panguan Syncline are the most prospective targets for the coalbed methane exploration and production.

Effects of Nano-Cerium Oxide on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vitex negundo

Cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2) NPs)are likely to have dramatic impacts on plant performances,yet the effects of CeO_(2) NPs on seed germination and seedling growth have not been fully explored.In this study,the seed germination and seedling growth of subshrub species Vitex negundo under different concentrations of CeO_(2) NPs(low-1 mg/L,medium-100 mg/L,high-500 mg/L)have been discussed.Results showed that:(1)The seed germination rate reduces by 11.25%and 2.5%under the low and medium concentrations of CeO_(2) NPs,respectively,but increased by 7.08%under the high concentration;(2)CeO_(2) NPs had significant effects on the growth traits(root length,shoot height and biomass)of seedlings,being the highest under the medium concentration and the lowest under the highest concentration;(3)The superoxide dismutase activity was the maximum(355.91 U/g),but the protein concentration was the minimum(3.85 ug/mL)under the high concentration of CeO_(2) NPs.Our results indicated that the effects of CeO_(2) NPs on seed germination and seedling growth are concentration-dependency,i.e.,low and medium concentrations inhibited while high concentration promoted seed germination,however,seedling growth showed opposite responses.Therefore,appropriate CeO_(2) NPs concentrations are beneficial to the seed germination and seedling growth of Vitex negundo and improve the physiological performance of seedlings and enhance their adaptability to environmental adversity.

Preparation and Crystallization of Carbon Nanotube/maleic Anhydride-grafted Polypropylene Composites

Carbon nanotube （CNT）/maleic acid anhydride （MAH）-grafted polypropylene （PP） composites were prepared by in situ grafting method. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the CNTs were linked to PP by MAH grafting. The microstructures and calorimetry analysis indicated that the crystallization behaviors of the filled and unfilled PP were quite different. The addition of CNTs dramatically reduced the spherulite size, increased crystallization rate and improved the thermal stability of PP. These results confirmed the expected nucleant effect of CNT on the crystallization of PP. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that the CNTs were dispersed homogeneously, indicating that the original CNT bundles were separated into individual tubes by the grafting.

《共产党宣言》的意识形态批判及其现实意义--以“社会主义的和共产主义的文献”为中心的分析

《共产党宣言》特别是其第三部分"社会主义的和共产主义的文献"具有鲜明的意识形态批判特征。该部分通过分析反动的社会主义、保守的社会主义以及批判的空想的社会主义和共产主义文献,从资本主义社会的主要矛盾出发考察意识形态的主题,从阶级的社会历史状况出发分析意识形态背后的利益诉求,从唯物史观出发批判意识形态的形而上学特征,从而回答了不同阶级为何以及如何将各自利益反映为各色社会主义和共产主义的问题。《共产党宣言》对意识形态的批判提示我们,要积极应对社会主要矛盾变化的意识形态影响,善于洞察意识形态背后的复杂利益格局,注重批判脱离中国现实的形式主义方法。

“扬弃着的历史观”——论唯物史观与政治经济学批判的关系

唯物史观与政治经济学批判的关系是关于马克思理论发现的重大问题。对这一问题的解答似乎表现为对两个独立领域相关性的指认。然而,这种思路在阐释进程中往往会形成一种类似于"外部反思"的境况,使得马克思的唯物史观与政治经济学研究呈现出先在方法与实际内容的关系。因此,问题的关键在于消解这种二元论的理路。而对该问题的解答还牵涉关于唯物史观与政治经济学批判性质的理解。

线路感应电压限制装置的研制

由于土地资源的日渐稀缺大量输电线路都采用平行或同塔双回甚至四回架设方式。当输电线路架设或改造完毕按规程规定应进行绝缘及核相试验。由于在平行架设的双回、四回输电线路或交叉跨越架设线路上对其中一条线路进行绝缘定相测试时,感应电压可高达几千伏,对线路试验人员和设备的安全构成很大的威胁。基于电感电容串联谐振原理,以及利用电容器隔直通交的特性,设计一种便于现场应用的线路感应电压限制装置进行线路绝缘定相测试,该装置的引入可大大降低线路感应电压的大小,把线路的交流感应电压限制在一定范围内,从而保护试验人员和设备的安全。

马黛茶对脑血管疾病防治作用的研究进展

脑血管疾病具有高致残率和高死亡率的特点,严重威胁人类的健康。天然药物马黛茶具有安全、多成分、多靶点的作用特点,可以通过降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、调节炎症反应、改善血液流变性、改善血管内皮功能障碍等多种作用机制切断脑血管疾病发生途径,改善脑血管系统功能,发挥脑血管疾病的防治作用。本文围绕上述内容进行综述,为深入开展马黛茶对脑血管疾病的防治作用研究、扩大马黛茶临床应用提供参考。

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces IL-18-mediated cardiopulmonary inflammation via reduced mitophagy

Cardiopulmonary complications are major drivers of mortality caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Interleukin-18,an inflammasomeinduced cytokine,has emerged as a novel mediator of cardiopulmonary pathologies but its regulation via SARS-CoV-2 signaling remains unknown.Based on a screening panel,IL-18 was identified amongst 19 cytokines to stratify mortality and hospitalization burden in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Supporting clinical data,administration of SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1(S1)glycoprotein or receptor-binding domain(RBD)proteins into human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(hACE2)transgenic mice induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction associated with higher NF-κB phosphorylation(pNF-κB)and cardiopulmonary-derived IL-18 and NLRP3 expression.IL-18 inhibition via IL-18BP resulted in decreased cardiac pNF-κB and improved cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in S1-or RBD-exposed hACE2 mice.Through in vivo and in vitro work,both S1 and RBD proteins induced NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-18 expression by inhibiting mitophagy and increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygenation species.Enhancing mitophagy prevented Spike protein-mediated IL-18 expression.Moreover,IL-18 inhibition reduced Spike protein-mediated pNF-κB and EC permeability.Overall,the link between reduced mitophagy and inflammasome activation represents a novel mechanism during COVID-19 pathogenesis and suggests IL-18 and mitophagy as potential therapeutic targets.