Species richness is one of the focuses of the preponderance of ecological studies.Latitudinal and altitudinal gradients of species richness are two wellknown macroecological patterns.Most studies on the macroecology o...Species richness is one of the focuses of the preponderance of ecological studies.Latitudinal and altitudinal gradients of species richness are two wellknown macroecological patterns.Most studies on the macroecology of species richness and its determinants are mainly focused on a single scale,although a few include multiple scales.Across multiple scales,we can better understand the diversity gradients and the potential causes.Here,we gathered the maps of distribution for 212 species of Chinese lizards from published studies,and to describe the overall Chinese lizard richness patterns.We studied the relationships between the latitudinal and altitudinal patterns of species richness among Chinese lizards at the assemblage level.We further tested the relationship between lizard richness and environmental factors among multiple studied scales(large scale:1.5°×1.5°,medium scale:1°×1°,and small scale:0.5°×0.5°).Regions with higher species richness occurs in in south China,and we found negative latitudinal richness gradients.We found a low-altitude plateau pattern between species richness and altitude,and lizard richness decreased with altitude above 2500 m.Lizard richness was positively correlated with temperature and net primary productivity,but negatively correlated with actual evapotranspiration,temperature,and precipitation seasonality at all three scales.However,lizard species richness was positively correlated with heterogeneity only at the 1°scale.Based on the results across multiple scales,we confirmed that the species richness patterns of Chinese lizards were driven by multiple factors,which consistent with the predictions of the ambient energy,seasonality,and productivity hypotheses.However,the relationship between lizard richness and heterogeneity differed among studied scales owing to the different levels of altitude heterogeneity within grids at different scales.展开更多
We previously reported that ONO-AE-248, a selective EP3 receptor agonist, has been shown to cause neutrophil death without the typical features of apoptosis and necrosis. However, the mechanism of the neutrophil death...We previously reported that ONO-AE-248, a selective EP3 receptor agonist, has been shown to cause neutrophil death without the typical features of apoptosis and necrosis. However, the mechanism of the neutrophil death is unclear. By using Western blotting, flow cytometry （FACS） and confocal laser scanning microscopy （CLSM）, we investigated the cellular signal transduction pathways of the neutrophil death. The research results showed that the neutrophil death induced by ONO-AE-248 did not show the morphologic changes of apoptosis and was not associated with the activity of caspase-3, caspase-8, and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK. However, impairment of mitochondria transmembrane potential has been found during the process of cell death. These findings suggested that ONO-AE-248 induced a non-apoptotic programmed cell death of neutrophils through partially mitochondria signaling transduction pathway. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660613).
文摘Species richness is one of the focuses of the preponderance of ecological studies.Latitudinal and altitudinal gradients of species richness are two wellknown macroecological patterns.Most studies on the macroecology of species richness and its determinants are mainly focused on a single scale,although a few include multiple scales.Across multiple scales,we can better understand the diversity gradients and the potential causes.Here,we gathered the maps of distribution for 212 species of Chinese lizards from published studies,and to describe the overall Chinese lizard richness patterns.We studied the relationships between the latitudinal and altitudinal patterns of species richness among Chinese lizards at the assemblage level.We further tested the relationship between lizard richness and environmental factors among multiple studied scales(large scale:1.5°×1.5°,medium scale:1°×1°,and small scale:0.5°×0.5°).Regions with higher species richness occurs in in south China,and we found negative latitudinal richness gradients.We found a low-altitude plateau pattern between species richness and altitude,and lizard richness decreased with altitude above 2500 m.Lizard richness was positively correlated with temperature and net primary productivity,but negatively correlated with actual evapotranspiration,temperature,and precipitation seasonality at all three scales.However,lizard species richness was positively correlated with heterogeneity only at the 1°scale.Based on the results across multiple scales,we confirmed that the species richness patterns of Chinese lizards were driven by multiple factors,which consistent with the predictions of the ambient energy,seasonality,and productivity hypotheses.However,the relationship between lizard richness and heterogeneity differed among studied scales owing to the different levels of altitude heterogeneity within grids at different scales.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30371305).
文摘We previously reported that ONO-AE-248, a selective EP3 receptor agonist, has been shown to cause neutrophil death without the typical features of apoptosis and necrosis. However, the mechanism of the neutrophil death is unclear. By using Western blotting, flow cytometry （FACS） and confocal laser scanning microscopy （CLSM）, we investigated the cellular signal transduction pathways of the neutrophil death. The research results showed that the neutrophil death induced by ONO-AE-248 did not show the morphologic changes of apoptosis and was not associated with the activity of caspase-3, caspase-8, and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK. However, impairment of mitochondria transmembrane potential has been found during the process of cell death. These findings suggested that ONO-AE-248 induced a non-apoptotic programmed cell death of neutrophils through partially mitochondria signaling transduction pathway. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.
