基于粗糙集理论的正交设计提取工艺因素方法的研究

目的研究药物制剂生产过程中因素之间的内在规律,探讨应用粗糙集理论寻求最优的工艺方案方法。方法以经典名方四物汤为例,利用正交设计试验预处理数据,建立决策表,利用粗糙集规则模型进行分析。结果当四物汤的提取时间、加水量和提取次数的因素水平逐渐增高时,多糖成分含量水平也呈递增趋势。当提取时间为1.5小时、加水量为1∶20、提取次数为2次时,试验结果最好,为四物汤优化提取工艺的三因素三水平最佳组合。结论应用粗糙集理论可以探究药物制剂生产工艺因素之间以及因素与试验结果之间的相关关系,更全面地揭示其内在动态规律,并提供一种新颖的研究方法,进一步提高药物制剂的工艺质量。

Eosinophilic fasciitis difficult to differentiate from scleroderma:A case report

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic fasciitis(EF)is a rare connective tissue disease that can cause swelling and sclerosis of the extremities,and special attention is needed to differentiate EF from systemic sclerosis.Misdiagnosis or omission markedly delays treatment of EF,and severe skin sclerosis in advanced stages can cause joint contracture and tendon retraction,worsening the patient's prognosis and quality of life.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of EF in a young woman diagnosed by tissue biopsy,confirming the difficulty of differential diagnosis with scleroderma.CONCLUSION Focusing on skin manifestations,completing tissue biopsy and radiography can help diagnose EF effectively.Clinicians should enhance their understanding of the differences between EF and scleroderma,and early diagnosis and standardized treatment can improve the prognosis of patients with EF.

Power-law Distribution and Scale-invariant Structure from the First CHIME/FRB Fast Radio Burst Catalog

We study the statistical property of fast radio bursts(FRBs) based on a selected sample of 190 one-off FRBs in the first CHIME/FRB catalog.Three power law models are used in the analysis,and we find the cumulative distribution functions of energy can be well fitted by bent power law and thresholded power law models.The distribution functions of fluctuations of energy well follow the Tsallis q-Gaussian distribution.The q values in the Tsallis q-Gaussian distribution are constant with small fluctuations for different temporal scale intervals,indicating a scale-invariant structure of the bursts.The earthquakes and soft gamma repeaters show similar properties,which are consistent with the predictions of self-organized criticality systems.

Exploring the mechanism of action and efficacy of Shi-Pi-San in the treatment of ascites in cirrhosis based on intestinal microbiota

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of action and efficacy of Shi-Pi-San(SPS)in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites based on intestinal flora and to provide new ideas for clinical research.Methods:We searched PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang and Wipu Chinese journal databases to collect randomized controlled trials of SPS in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites,extracted relevant data,and summarized them to analyze the relationship between intestinal flora and cirrhotic ascites.Results:The disorder of intestinal flora can lead to cirrhotic ascites,and the treatment of cirrhotic ascites with SPS has good efficacy,and SPS has positive effects in improving the status of intestinal flora,increasing the abundance of flora and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria.Conclusion:SPS has good long-term efficacy in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites,but the side effects and dosage criteria have not been extensively studied in clinical practice.

Propagation of shaped beam through uniaxially anisotropic chiral slab

A general solution is obtained to a canonical problem of the reflection and refraction of an arbitrary shaped beam by using a uniaxially anisotropic chiral slab.The reflected,internal as well as refracted shaped beams are expanded in terms of cylindrical vector wave functions,and the expansion coefficients are determined by using the boundary conditions and method of moments procedure.As two typical examples,the normalized field intensity distributions are evaluated for a fundamental Gaussian beam and Hermite-Gaussian beam,and some propagation properties,especially the negative refraction phenomenon,are discussed briefly.

Atypical Takotsubo cardiomyopathy presenting as acute coronary syndrome:A case report

BACKGROUND Takotsubo cardiomyopathy(TS)is a rare acute cardiac disease with clinical features,symptoms,and electrocardiographic manifestations similar to those of acute myocardial infarction.We present the case of a patient with TS caused by a pheochromocytoma,which was confirmed by the postoperative pathology.Furthermore,we present the patient’s subsequent management,treatment,and outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with episodic chest pain and palpitations,electrocardiogram(ECG)findings suggestive of high lateral wall myocardial infarction,echocardiogram showing left ventricular wall segmental motion abnormalities,and elevated levels of the myocardial marker troponin.The patient underwent coronary angiography,which revealed unobstructed blood flow without obvious stenosis.During their hospitalization,the patient had paroxysmal elevation of blood pressure accompanied by palpitations and profuse sweating,with elevated blood catecholamine levels during seizures.Subsequent computerized tomography of the adrenal glands revealed the presence of a nodule in the right adrenal,which was resected and determined to be an adrenal pheochromocytoma.Therefore,the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma-induced atypical TS was made.The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery.CONCLUSION Cardiologists should consider pheochromocytoma in patients with TS.Early detection allows timely intervention,benefiting patients.

Molecular solid solution of lanthanide-titanium-oxo clusters with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Molecular solid solutions of metal clusters containing different metal centers with well-defined structures can accurately regulate the HOMO-LUMO gap,but are rarely available.Herein,a series of colorless lanthanide-titanium-oxo clusters Ln_(2)Ti_4(μ_(2)-O)_(2)(μ_(3)-O)_4(Piv)_(10)(THF)_(2)(Ln_(2)Ti_4,Ln = Eu,Gd,Tb,and Ce,HPiv = pivalic acid) were synthesized by the reaction of pivalic acid with Ln(Ac)_(3) and titanium isopropoxide.The light yellow crystal of cluster solid solutions Eu_(2)Ti_(4-x)Cd_(x),containing a mixture of Eu_(2)Ti_4 and Eu_(2)Ti_(3)Cd,was obtained by in situ doping Cd^(2+) and S^(2–).Eu_(2)Ti_(3.92)Cd_(0.08) displays efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity without a co-catalyst,which is up to 2.6 times that of Eu_(2)Ti_4.Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and spin-polarized density functional calculations showed that the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Eu_(2)Ti_(4-x)Cd_(x) can be attributed to the narrower HOMO-LUMO gap and lower LUMO position than that of Eu_(2)Ti_4.This studyprovides an in situ doping method to realize the simple preparation of cluster solid solution.

Thermodynamic and experimental study of high-temperature roasting of blast furnace gas ash for recovery of metallic zinc and iron

A high-temperature reduction roasting method was used to achieve metallic iron and zinc recovery from blast furnace gas ash(BFA).The reduction processes for Zn-containing and Fe-containing oxides were analyzed in detail by using ther-modynamic equilibrium calculation and the principle of minimum free energy.The results showed that the main reaction in the system is the reduction of ZnFe_(2)_(4)and iron oxides.Over the full temperature range,iron oxides were more easily reduced than zinc oxides.Regardless of the amount of CO contained in the system,the reduction of ZnO to Zn was difficult to proceed below the boiling point(906℃)of Zn.When the reduction temperature is below 906℃,the reduction process of zinc ferrate was ZnFe_(2)_(4)→ZnO;when the reduction temperature is above 906℃,its reduction process becomed ZnFe_(2)_(4)→ZnO→Zn(g).The metallization and dezincification rates of the BFA gradually increased with increasing reaction temperature.As the C/O ratio increased,the metallization and dezincification rates first increased and then decreased.The effect of reduction time on BFA reduction was similar to that of reaction temperature.

Molecular mechanism for the unusual enhancement of the second-step chemiluminescence production from the carcinogenic tetrabromohydroquinone and H2O_(2)

We have found recently that two-step intrinsic hydroxyl radical(·OH)-dependent chemiluminescence(CL)could be produced by carcinogenic tetrahaloquinone and H_(2)O_(2).However,the first-step CL was too fast to clearly detect the stepwise generation of·OH and CL,and to distinguish the exact dividing point between the first-step and second-step CL.Here we found that,extremely clear two-step intrinsic CL could be produced by the relative slow reaction of tetrabromohydroquinone(TBHQ)with H_(2)O_(2),which was directly dependent on the two-step·OH generation.Interestingly,the second-step,but not the first-step CL production of TBHQ/H_(2)O_(2)(CRET donor)was markedly enhanced by fluorescein(a typical xanthene dye,CRET acceptor)through a unique chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer(CRET)process.The novel CRET system of TBHQ/H_(2)O_(2)/fluorescein was successfully applied for the sensitive detection of TBHQ with the detection limit as low as 2.5μmol/L.These findings will help to develop more sensitive and highly efficient CL or CRET systems and specific CL sensor to detect the carcinogenic haloquinones,which may have broad environmental applications.

Discovery of CCDC188 gene as a novel genetic target for human acephalic spermatozoa syndrome

Dear Editor,Male infertility is a widespread health problem and affects approximately 6%–8%of the male population(Jiao et al.,2021).Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome(ASS),a rare but severe type of teratozoospermia,is characterized by decapitated flagella in the semen and it finally leads to male infertility(Yuan et al.,2015).

在导电陶瓷基体中加入hBN薄片来创制材料性能的各向异性

导电陶瓷的物理性能由连续的导电基体所决定,调控困难.在这项研究中,通过在陶瓷基体中引入hBN薄片,成功实现了导电陶瓷力学和物理性能各向异性的调控.以包含TiN、Al、硼和hBN的混合粉末为原料,通过放电等离子烧结制备了两种hBN含量不同的导电TiB_(2)-AlNhBN陶瓷.在垂直于烧结压力的方向上,TiB_(2)-AlN-60vol%hBN陶瓷在室温下的弯曲强度、断裂韧性、电导率和热导率分别为151±6.34MPa、2.62±0.31MPam^(1/2)、5.3×10^(5)S m^(−1)和77.87Wm^(-1)K^(-1).而在平行于烧结压力的方向上,室温电导率和热导率分别降低到2.0×10^(5)S m^(−1)和32.25Wm^(-1)K^(-1).这些差异是通过在导电基体中加入少量额外排列的hBN薄片而产生的,为材料选择和设计提供了新的机会.

Three-dimensional numerical simulation and earth pressure analysis on double-row piles with consideration of spatial effects

As a new kind of technology in retaining structures, the characteristics of double-row piles are significantly affected by spatial effects. In this paper, double-row piles as a retaining structure are simulated numerically in three-dimension by finite element software PLAXIS 3D FOUNDATION. The behavior differences of piles in different positions around the foundation pit are analyzed. By changing the parameters, including the length-width ratio, the excavation depth, the distance between rows and the diameter of piles, the variations of the lateral deformation, the bending moment and the earth pressure around the piles are determined. The reasonable values of parameters and some suggestions with consideration of earth pressure are proposed for the design of double-row piles as a retaining structure. The results show that the lateral deformation and bending moment are the largest in the middle of long side of the foundation pit, which is identified as the most unfavorable position. It is indicated that the earth pressure between rows above pit bottom is close to active earth pressure, while the earth pressure between rows under pit bottom is close to static earth pressure. It is suggested that 1/2-2/3 of pile length, 0.6-1.2 m, 3d-6d, and 2d-2.5d be chosen as embedded depth of piles, diameter of piles, distance between rows, and distance between piles, respectively, where d is the pile diameter.

Clinical practice guidelines for endoscopic breast surgery in patients with early-stage breast cancer:Chinese Society of Breast Surgery(CSBrS)practice guidelines 2021

Minimally invasive surgical techniques,represented by endoscopic surgery,are one of the major advances in surgery during the 20th century.Based on the experience in other disciplines.

Laser interference fabrication of large-area functional periodic structure surface

Functional periodic structures have attracted significant interest due to their natural capabilities in regulating surface energy, surface effective refractive index, and diffraction. Several technologies are used for the fabrication of these functional structures. The laser interference technique in particular has received attention because of its simplicity, low cost, and high-efficiency fabrication of large-area, micro/nanometer-scale, and periodically patterned structures in air conditions. Here, we reviewed the work on laser interference fabrication of large-area functional periodic structures for antireflection, self-cleaning, and superhydrophobicity based on our past and current research. For the common cases, four-beam interference and multi-exposure of two-beam interference were emphasized for their setup, structure diversity, and various applications for antireflection, self-cleaning, and superhydrophobicity. The relations between multi-beam interference and multi-exposure of two-beam interference were compared theoretically and experimentally. Nanostructures as a template for growing nanocrystals were also shown to present future possible applications in surface chemical control. Perspectives on future directions and applications for laser interference were presented.

The DIRECT consortium and the REST-meta-MDD project:towards neuroimaging biomarkers of major depressive disorder

Despite a growing neuroimaging literature on the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder(MDD),repro-ducible findings are lacking,probably reflecting mostly small sample sizes and heterogeneity in analytic approaches.To address these issues,the Depression Imaging REsearch ConsorTium(DIRECT)was launched.The REST-meta-MDD project,pooling 2428 functional brain images processed with a standardized pipeline across all participating sites,has been the first effort from DIRECT.In this review,we present an overview of the moti-vations,rationale,and principal findings of the studies so far from the REST-meta-MDD project.Findings from the first round of analyses of the pooled repository have included alterations in functional connectivity within the default mode network,in whole-brain topological properties,in dynamic features,and in functional lat-eralization.These well-powered exploratory observations have also provided the basis for future longitudinal hypothesis-driven research.Following these fruitful explorations,DIRECT has proceeded to its second stage of data sharing that seeks to examine ethnicity in brain alterations in MDD by extending the exclusive Chinese original sample to other ethnic groups through international collaborations.A state-of-the-art,surface-based preprocessing pipeline has also been introduced to improve sensitivity.Functional images from patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia will be included to identify shared and unique abnormalities across diag-nosis boundaries.In addition,large-scale longitudinal studies targeting brain network alterations following antidepressant treatment,aggregation of diffusion tensor images,and the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging-guided neuromodulation approaches are underway.Through these endeavours,we hope to accelerate the translation of functional neuroimaging findings to clinical use,such as evaluating longitudinal effects of antidepressant medications and developing individualized neuromodulation targets,while building an open repository for the scientific community.