Improving efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells via ethanolamine-doped PEDOT:PSS as hole transport layer

In order to fabricate high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells(Pe SCs), an appropriate hole transport layer(HTL) is essential since it will affect the hole extraction at perovskite/HTL interface and determine the crystallization quality of the subsequent perovskite films. Herein, a facile and simple method is developed by adding ethanolamine(ETA)into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) as HTL. The doping of a low-concentration ETA can efficiently modify the electrical properties of the PEDOT:PSS film and lower the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) level, which is more suitable for the hole extraction from the perovskite to HTL. Besides, ETA-doped PEDOT:PSS will create a perovskite film with larger grain size and higher crystallinity. Hence, the results show that the open-circuit voltage of the device increases from 0.99 V to 1.06 V, and the corresponding power conversion efficiency(PCE)increases from 14.68% to 19.16%. The alkaline nature of ethanolamine greatly neutralizes the acidity of PEDOT:PSS, and plays a role in protecting the anode, leading the stability of the devices to be improved significantly. After being stored for2000 h, the PCE of ETA-doped PEDOT:PSS devices can maintain 84.2% of the initial value, which is much higher than67.1% of undoped devices.

Risk factors for postoperative delayed gastric emptying in ovarian cancer treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

BACKGROUND Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(CRSHIPEC)has shown promising results in improving the survival of ovarian cancer patients.Although the safety profiles of CRS-HIPEC exist,more attention should be paid to gastrointestinal complications,as the procedure involves a considerable proportion of bowel resection and anastomosis.AIM To identify the risk factors for delayed gastric emptying in ovarian cancer treated with CRS-HIPEC.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,we retrospectively analyzed 77 patients admitted between March 2014 and April 2018 with advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer treated with CRSHIPEC in Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University.Risk factors for delayed gastric emptying were analyzed using univariate analysis.All of the statistically significant variables in the univariate analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model to determine factors independently associated with delayed gastric emptying.RESULTS Among the 77 included patients,36.4%(28/77)had delayed gastric emptying after CRS-HIPEC.The median age and body mass index of all patients were 59 years and 22.83 kg/m^(2),respectively.Preoperative chemotherapy was administered in 55 patients(71%).Sixty-two patients(81%)had a history of at least one previous pelvic surgery.The median operation time and intraoperative hemorrhage volume were 630 min and 600 mL,respectively.Omentectomy was performed in 32 cases of primary ovarian cancer and 24 cases of recurrence.The median peritoneal cancer index was 16.The risk factors for delayed gastric emptying from the univariate analysis were body mass index<23 kg/m2(X2=5.059,P=0.025),history of pelvic surgery(X^(2)=4.498,P=0.034),history of chemotherapy(X^(2)=4.334,P=0.037),operation time≥7 h(X2=4.827,P=0.047),and intraoperative hemorrhage≥800 mL(X^(2)=7.112,P=0.008).Multivariable analysis revealed that age≥70 years(HR=7.127;95%CI 1.122-45.264;P=0.037)and intraoperative hemorrhage≥800 mL(HR=3.416;95%CI 1.067-10.939;P=0.039)were independently associated with postoperative delayed gastric emptying after CRS-HIPEC.CONCLUSION Postoperative gastrointestinal management,including prolonged nasogastric intubation,should be promoted for patients over 70 years or those with intraoperative bleeding exceeding 800 mL.

Analysis of Dimer Impurity in Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Solutions by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

Dimer impurity in the solution of a generation five(G5) polyamidoamine(PAMAM) dendrimer has been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering(SANS). The existence of dimer impurity in dendrimer solution was evidenced by indirect Fourier transform(IFT) analysis of the SANS data, in which the maximum dimension of particles in solution was found to be about twice the diameter of G5 dendrimer. We then developed an analytical model which accounts for the scattering contribution from both dendrimer monomer and dimer. The experimental data were well fitted by using the established model. The results showed that the amount of dimer impurities is significant for the measured three batches of G5 PAMAM dendrimers.

Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs(PAGE):Recommendations from editors and reviewers

Transparency Ecosystem for Research and Journals in Medicine(TERM)working group summarized the essential recommendations that should be considered to review and publish a high-quality guideline.These recommendations from editors and reviewers included 10 components of essential requirements:systematic review of existing relevant guidelines,guideline registration,guideline protocol,stakeholders,conflicts of interest,clinical questions,systematic reviews,recommendation consensus,guideline reporting and external review.TERM working group abbreviates them as PAGE(essential requirements for Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs),and recommends guideline authors,editors,and peer reviewers to use them for high-quality guidelines.