Aberrant expression of genes and proteins in pterygium and their implications in the pathogenesis

Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease induced by a variety of factors. The exact pathogenesis of pterygium remains unclear. Numbers of genes and proteins are discovered in pterygium and they function differently in the occurrence and development of this disease. We searched the Web of Science and PubMed throughout history for literatures about the subject. The keywords we used contain pterygium, gene, protein, angiogenesis, fibrosis, proliferation, inflammation, pathogenesis and therapy. In this review, we summarize the aberrant expression of a range of genes and proteins in pterygium compared with normal conjunctiva or cornea, including growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of mefalloproteinases, interleukins, tumor suppressor genes, proliferation related proteins, apoptosis related proteins, cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, heat shock proteins and tight junction proteins. We illustrate their possible mechanisms in the pathogenesis of pterygium as well as the related intervention based on them for pterygium therapy.

Portal vein thrombosis in a noncirrhotic patient after hemihepatectomy:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Portal vein thrombosis(PVT)is a condition caused by hemodynamic disorders.It may be noted in the portal vein system when there is an inflammatory stimulus in the abdominal cavity.However,PVT is rarely reported after hepatectomy.At present,related guidelines and major expert opinions tend to consider vitamin K antagonists or low-molecular weight heparin(LMWH)as the standard treatment.But based on research,direct oral anticoagulants may be more effective and safe for noncirrhotic PVT and are also beneficial by reducing the recurrence rate of PVT.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman without any history of disease felt discomfort in her right upper abdomen for 20 d,with worsening for 7 d.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)of the upper abdomen showed right liver intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with multiple intrahepatic metastases but not to the left liver.Therefore,she underwent right hepatic and caudate lobectomy.One week after surgery,the patient underwent a CECT scan,due to nausea,vomiting,and abdominal distension.Thrombosis in the left branch and main trunk of the portal vein and near the confluence of the splenic vein was found.After using LMWH for 22 d,CECT showed no filling defect in the portal vein system.CONCLUSION Although PVT after hepatectomy is rare,it needs to be prevented during the perioperative period.

Quasi-Developable B-Spline Surface Design with Control Rulings

We propose a method for generating a ruled B-spline surface fitting to a sequence of pre-defined ruling lines and the generated surface is required to be as-developable-as-possible.Specifically,the terminal ruling lines are treated as hard constraints.Different from existing methods that compute a quasi-developable surface from two boundary curves and cannot achieve explicit ruling control,our method controls ruling lines in an intuitive way and serves as an effective tool for computing quasi-developable surfaces from freely-designed rulings.We treat this problem from the point of view of numerical optimization and solve for surfaces meeting the distance error tolerance allowed in applications.The performance and the efficacy of the proposed method are demonstrated by the experiments on a variety of models including an application of the method for path planning in 5-axis computer numerical control(CNC)flank milling.