Protective effect of Liangxue Huayu decoction on human retinal pigment epithelial cell(ARPE-19)injury induced by hypoxia through autophagy pathway

Background:Exploring the protective mechanism of the Liangxue Huayu(LXHY)decoction on human retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells induced by hypoxia through the autophagy pathway.Methods:The appropriate LXHY decoction concentration was determined by CCK-8.ARPE-19 cells were divided into the normal control group(A group),CoCl_(2)group(B group),3-Methyladenine(3-MA)group(treated with 3-MA(the inhibition of autophagy pathway))(C group),blank serum(BS)group(D group),LXHY drug-contained serum(DCS)group(E group),and Rapamycin(RAP)group[treated with LXHY drug-contained serum combined with rapamycin group(the activation of autophagy pathway)](F group).Counting the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in each group of cells under transmission electron microscopy.After infection of cells in each group by mRFP-GFP-LC3 fusion protein adenovirus,the strength of autophagic flux was detected.The mRNA expression levels of LC3 and Beclin-1 were detected by Q-PCR.Results:CCK-8 assay results showed that LXHY DCS could inhibit the cell proliferation of ARPE-19 under hypoxia(all P<0.05).As the transmission electron microscopy assay result showed,compared with the normal control group,the number of autolysosomes was significantly increased in the CoCl_(2)group(P<0.05).Compared with CoCl_(2)group,the number of autolysosomes was significantly reduced the 3-Methyladenine group,blank serum group and LXHY drug-contained serum group(all P<0.001).As autophagic flux assay result showed,compared with the normal control group,the level of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were significantly risen in CoCl_(2)group(all P<0.001).Compared with the CoCl_(2)group,the level of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were significantly fell down in 3-Methyladenine group,blank serum group and LXHY drug-contained serum group(all P<0.05).The level of autolysosomes in the LXHY drug-contained serum group was lower than in the blank serum group(P<0.05).Compared with the LXHY drug-contained serum group,the levels of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were significantly risen in the LXHY drug-contained serum combined with the rapamycin group(all P<0.05).As the Q-PCR result showed,compared with the normal control group,the expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 mRNA were significantly reduced in the CoCl_(2)group(all P<0.001).Compared with the CoCl_(2)group,the expression of LC3 mRNA were significantly increased in the 3-Methyladenine group,blank serum group and LXHY drug-contained serum group(all P<0.001).Beclin-1 mRNA expression was increased significantly(all P<0.001)in the blank serum group and the LXHY drug-contained serum group.And Beclin-1 mRNA expression in the LXHY drug-contained serum group was statistically significant increased than blank serum group(P<0.001).In the LXHY drug-contained serum combined with the rapamycin group,the LC3 and Beclin-1 mRNA expression was reduced significantly compared with the LXHY drug-contained serum group(all P<0.001).Conclusion:The LXHY DCS has the ability to protect the human retinal pigment epithelial cell(ARPE-19)damage under hypoxia through the autophagy pathway.

OCTA定量分析补阳还五汤加味对非增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变患者视盘血流的影响

目的:观察补阳还五汤加味治疗气阴两虚、络脉瘀阻型非增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)的临床疗效,并应用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)定量分析治疗前后视盘旁血流密度的变化。方法:采用前瞻性随机对照试验。收集2022-06/11期间我院收治的符合气阴两虚、络脉瘀阻型NPDR患者58例99眼,随机分为对照组29例48眼,采用2019年美国眼科学会发布的糖尿病视网膜病变推荐方案进行基础治疗(对于轻度NPDR患者进行控制血糖、糖尿病健康教育、定期随访;中度NPDR患者必要时增加局部或格栅样激光光凝治疗),观察组29例51眼在对照组的基础上加用补阳还五汤加味口服治疗1mo。比较两组患者治疗前后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、中医证候疗效、视盘旁放射状毛细血管网血流密度(ppVD)及视盘旁视网膜神经纤维层(pRNFL)厚度变化。结果:治疗1mo后观察组BCVA(LogMAR)为0.20(0.10,0.30),较对照组0.30(0.20,0.40)明显改善(P<0.05)。治疗1mo后观察组中医证候疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗1mo后各象限ppVD均较治疗前明显提高,且观察组各象限ppVD均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗1mo后上方、颞侧象限及全周平均pRNFL厚度较治疗前升高,且观察组上方、颞侧、下方象限和全周平均pRNFL厚度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:气阴两虚、络脉瘀阻型NPDR患者服用补阳还五汤加味后可改善视力、提高中医证候疗效,可能与其能提高视盘旁放射状毛细血管网血流密度和减少视盘旁神经纤维层的损伤有关。

Real-World Study on the Treatment of Macular Edema in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Using Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and Its Medication Guidelines

Object:The aim is to evaluate how effective Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is in treating patients who have central retinal vein occlusion with macular edema(CRVO-ME)in a real-world study.Furthermore,the objective of the research was to examine the TCM prescription trends in the management of CRVO-ME.Method:A single-center real-world study(RWS)was carried out over a span of 19 years,following the established design.The study encompassed 113 patients diagnosed with CRVO-ME.Out of these,74 patients received TCM treatment,while the remaining individuals underwent a combined therapy involving TCM and anti-VEGF drugs through intravitreal injection.The patients were matched using propensity score matching(PSM).The result measured in the RWS was BCVA.The oral prescriptions for CRVO-ME that led to observable and effective outcomes were collected.Excel and the TCM Inheritance Auxiliary Platform V2.5 were utilized to optimize mutual information,hierarchical clustering based on entropy,and other techniques to extract medication regulations and features.Result:After applying PSM,each group comprised 29 cases.Both groups exhibited improved BCVA following treatment;however,there was no statistically significant distinction in BCVA or effectiveness between the two groups(all P>0.05).Apart from the analysis of oral prescriptions for CRVO-ME,the investigation pinpointed the most frequently used TCMs,namely Flos Carthami,Semen Persicae,Radix Angelica sinensis,Radix Rehmanniae,and Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng.Frequently utilized medications tended to possess cold,warm,or mild attributes and exhibited a taste profile that was either bitter or sweet.The primary meridians associated with the medicines employed in treating CRVO-ME were liver,spleen,stomach,heart,and lung.Through the application of association rule analysis,it was discerned that there were 195 commonly employed combinations of medicines.Additionally,a complex system entropy cluster analysis unveiled 13 key combinations of medicines.By employing an unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering analysis,a novel prescription was formulated.Conclusion:Within a real-world population of CRVO-ME patients,TCM exhibited its effectiveness.The treatment approach for CRVO-ME predominantly involved the regulation of qi(Qi is an exceedingly subtle substance within the human body,brimming with vitality and ceaseless motion.It constitutes the fundamental element that shapes and sustains the various processes of human life.)and blood as well as the resolution of dampness.The oral prescriptions frequently targeted the meridians of liver,spleen,stomach,heart,and lungs.

角膜塑形镜的偏心对眼轴及视觉质量的影响

目的:探讨角膜塑形(OK)镜片的偏心度对眼轴和视力质量的影响。方法:根据OK镜片偏心程度,将患者分为三组:低偏心度组(偏心度≤0.5 mm),中偏心度组(0.5<偏心度≤1.0 mm)和高偏心度组(1<偏心度≤1.5 mm)。分析配戴OK镜后OK镜偏心程度、球面等效球镜度(SE)、未矫正视力(UCVA)、配戴OK镜前后眼轴长度(AL)、3 mm瞳孔下的总高阶像差(HOA)、彗差和球面像差(SA)。三组间各指标差异使用Kruskal-WallisH Rank分析。结果:回顾性分析75例139眼。在低偏心组(53眼)中,平均年龄为(11.4±2.4)a,SE为(-3.24±1.48)D,AL为(24.85±1.01)mm;中偏心组(53眼),平均年龄(11.4±2.2)a,SE为(-3.22±1.29)D,AL为(25.15±0.92)mm;在高偏心组(31眼)中,平均年龄为(11.5±1.9)a,SE为(-3.54±1.43)D,AL为(24.95±0.84)mm。2a后,三组间眼轴的变化无显着性差异(P=0.089)。高偏心组HOA、SA、彗差明显高于中偏心组、低偏心组(P<0.05)。结论:OK镜配戴过程中没有必要严格要求镜片位置的绝对居中。镜片不必要的调整可能会延迟眼轴控制。另外,眼轴控制与视觉质量之间的平衡关系应进一步探讨评估。

葡萄膜炎并发白内障术中使用Chop钩象限性机械扩张瞳孔的效果

目的:报道在葡萄膜炎并发白内障患者的白内障手术中使用一种特殊的Chop钩象限性机械扩张瞳孔的手术效果。方法:单手术、回顾性、非比较病例报道。纳入在白内障术中接受Chop钩象限性机械扩张瞳孔特殊技术治疗的葡萄膜炎并发白内障患者。结果:共14例葡萄膜炎并发白内障患者16眼,男性5例,女性9例,平均年龄58.0±13.8(29~79)岁,在白内障手术中接受Chop钩象限性机械扩张瞳孔治疗。采用象限性机械瞳孔扩张后,扩张瞳孔直径为5.81±0.46(5.0~6.5)mm,并可保持至手术结束。术后,瞳孔居中,约为圆形,瞳孔直径为3.0~4.0mm。在某些情况下,在虹膜和瞳孔的边缘观察到小切迹,但患者没有出现眩光不适,直接和间接的光反射大致正常。散瞳孔治疗后,瞳孔变圆,与人工晶状体无粘连,术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)明显优于术前(P<0.01)。术中及术后随访期间未观察到严重的并发症,如悬韧带断裂、囊膜边缘破裂、前房积血、前葡萄膜炎复发、角膜水肿、眼压升高(IOP>21mmHg)、虹膜撕裂、虹膜异常、后粘连。结论:该象限机械瞳孔扩张技术对于葡萄膜炎并发白内障患者是一种简单有效的白内障手术方法,且并发症发生率低。

A V-Folded Digital Laser for On-Demand Vortex Beams by Astigmatic Transformation of Hermite–Gaussian Modes

A V-folded digital laser using a spatial light modulator(SLM)for intra-cavity loss shaping is exploited to generate Hermite-Gaussian modes with on-demand mode order.With aπ/2 astigmatic mode converter,vortex beams carrying on-demand orbital angular momentum(OAM)with a tunable range from-11h to 12 h are obtained.The mode order of the HG mode,hence the OAM of the vortex beam,is digitally switched by changing the phase pattern imposed on the SLM without requiring any mechanic alignment of the cavity.This work has great potential applications in various OAM-tunable vortex beams.

Effects of Dendrobium candidum polysaccharides on microRNA-125b and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in diabetic cataract rats

Background:Diabetic cataract is a common complication and a lens disorder in diabetes.Moreover,Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide(DOP)is found to alleviate diabetes complications.Consequently,microRNA-125b and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways play significant roles in diabetes.However,the mechanism and the effect of DOP on diabetic cataract remains unknown.Methods:Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to the control,model,and DOP groups.Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin.Furthermore,DOP was orally given for 12 weeks.The Lens Opacities Classification System III was used to evaluate lens opacity by slit-lamp microscope.The lens was then harvested for testing the mRNA expression of microRNA-125b,ERK1,ERK2,Raf and Ras using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.The protein expression of ERK1,ERK2,Raf,and Ras was detected using the Western blot analysis.The targets of microRNA-125b were predicted in miRWalk 2.0.These targets were obtained from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway.Results:The lens opacities of the rats in the control group were almost at C0N0.Moreover,the majority of the lens opacities in the model group were C3 to C4 and N1 to N2,and were mostly at C1 to C2 and N0 to N1 in the DOP group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Furthermore,the microRNA-125b expression in the model group is significantly higher compared with the control group.Conversely,the microRNA-125b expression in the DOP group is significantly decreased(all P<0.05).The mRNA expression of ERK1,ERK2,Raf,and Ras in the model groups were upregulated compared with those of the control group.However,the ERK1 and Raf mRNA expressions of the DOP group were lower compared with the model group(all P<0.05).The protein expression of ERK1,Raf,and Ras in the model group was significantly increased compared with those of the control group.The protein expression of ERK1,Raf,and Ras in the DOP group was significantly lower compared with the model group(all P<0.05).Moreover,3,378 genes of the microRNA-125b target were gained from the miRWalk.After Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways analysis in Gene Set Enrichment Analysis,246 items were gained including Ras(rno04014)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(rno04010)signaling pathways.A positive correlation exists between microRNA-125b and mRNA expression of ERK1,ERK2,Raf and Ras(r=0.940,0.841,0.666,and 0.768;all P<0.05).Conclusion:DOP can alleviate the severity of the opacity of the lens in diabetic cataract rats via microRNA-125b and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.Thus,microRNA-125b has something to do with the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

Mechanism of Liangxue Huayu decoction in treatment of age-related macular degeneration based on network pharmacology and clinical validation

Background:This paper investigates the mechanism of Liangxue Huayu decoction treating age-related macular degeneration through network pharmacology and clinical verification.Methods:The potential targets of Liangxue Huayu decoction were retrieved by the BATMAN-TCM database,and age-related macular degeneration-related disease targets were collected using the OMIM,GeneCards,and CTD databases.The intersection of targets for Liangxue Huayu decoction for age-related macular degeneration was performed using the online tool Venny2.1.0.Protein-protein interaction network was drawn using the String database.And core targets were obtained with the CytoNCA plugin.The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database.Finally,targets of Liangxue Huayu decoction for age-related macular degeneration were identified in clinical research.Results:In this study,832 potential action targets and 9,475 age-related macular degeneration-related disease targets were screened,and 575 intersection targets of Liangxue Huayu decoction and age-related macular degeneration were obtained.Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that 15 core targets include chemokine 8,interleukin 1,histone deacetylase 2,estrogen receptor 2,and glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1,et al.Gene ontology enrichment analysis included 2,727 biological processes,434 molecular functions,and 206 cellular components.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis selected 107 signaling pathways.Clinical validation showed that peripheral blood chemokine 8 and interleukin 1 levels were significantly lower after age-related macular degeneration patients compared with before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(t chemokine 8=12.684,t interleukin 1=11.405,all P<0.001).Conclusion:By treating age-related macular degeneration with multiple targets and multiple pathways,Liangxue Huayu decoction can down-regulate the expression of inflammatory factors and treat age-related macular degeneration,which provides a basis for further studying the action mechanism of regulating age-related macular degeneration.

Analysis of the action mechanism of Si-Jun-Zi decoction in cataract by network pharmacology

Background:To explore the action mechanism of the classic ancient prescription Si-Jun-Zi decoction in slowing down cataract process by network pharmacology.Methods:In Traditional Chinese Medicines for Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform Database,screening the chemical components and functional targets of the classic ancient prescription Si-Jun-Zi decoction,and the targets of cataract disease were obtainded through GeneCards and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man Database.In the STRING database,the protein-protein interaction network was built.And network visualization were created in Cytoscape.The genetic ontology and Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia pathways of key proteins were enriched via the DAVID data platform.Results:Ninety-six active components and 33 key targets were obtained in this work.The protein-protein interaction network consisted of 33 proteins.There were 33 genetic ontology entries and 72 Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia pathway enrichment analysis.Conclusion:This work provided a new means to understand the pathogenesis of cataract and revealed the action mechanisms of the classic ancient prescription Si-Jun-Zi decoction.

Vanadium nitride nanoparticles embedded in carbon matrix with pseudocapacitive behavior for high performance lithium-ion capacitors

Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)have attracted wide attention due to their potential of achieving merits of high-power output as well as high energy density.How-ever,the key issue of kinetics mismatch between anode and cathode hinders the electrochemical performance of LICs.Therefore,a vanadium nitride composite with nanoparti-cles embedded in carbon matrix(VN-C)was prepared as an efficiently pseudocapacitive anode material with high electronic conductivity and fast Li-ion diffusion rate.The VN-C composites were synthesized through one-step ammonia heating treatment at different temperatures among which the sample annealed at 600℃exhibits high specific capacity(513 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)),outstanding rate performance(~300 mAh·g^(-1)at 10 A·g^(-1)),and excellent cyclic steadiness(negligible capacity decay over 2000 cycles)in half-cell devices.A high-performance lithium-ion capacitor device was also fabricated by using VN-C-600 as the anode and activated carbon as the cath-ode,delivering a maximum energy density of 112.6 Wh·kg^(-1)and an extreme power density of 10 kW·kg^(-1).