Application of retrievable Solitaire AB stents in the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke

Purpose: Retrievable stents are widely used in acute ischemic stroke(AIS); however, the results remain unclear in Chinese patients. This study aimed to explore the usefulness of Solitaire AB stents in AIS. Materials and Methods: Seventy-three AIS patients treated with Solitaire AB stents for thrombectomy of large artery occlusion of anterior circulation in January 2014-June 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Recanalization was assessed with the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Ischemia(TICI) scale. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale(mRS). Operation-related complications were recorded. The main factors affecting successful recanalization with Solitaire AB were analyzed. Results: The 73 patients enrolled included 39 males and 34 females(median age of 59 [31-78] years); 77 Solitaire AB stents were used. The initial recanalization rate with Solitaire AB as the first thrombectomy method was 53.42%(39/73; recanalization group). Among the 34 patients with failed stent retrieval, 32 underwent other treatments; the final arterial recanalization rate was 89.04%(65/73). Perioperative embolization events and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(sICH) occurred in 5 and 8 patients, respectively. The mean NIHSS score was 9.12±3.86 one week after thrombectomy, significantly lower compared with admission values. In 31 patients(42.47%), NIHSS score decreased by >8. Good functional independence(mRS score≤2) was achieved in 39 patients(53.42%) at 90 days; 12 patients(16.44%) died. Compared with the recanalization group, the remaining patients showed lower AF and higher LAA percentages. Conclusion: Solitaire AB stents are useful in the endovascular treatment of AIS.

Research progress on regulation of immune microenvironment of breast cancer by Traditional Chinese medicine

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women,and the current treatment mainly includes surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy.With the development of cell biology,molecular biology and immunology,breast cancer has entered the era of immunotherapy.Through multi-level and multi-way regulation of relevant genes and proteins,TCM regulates the immune microenvironment,and has great advantages in inhibiting tumor progression,alleviating surgical complications,improving immune system function,alleviating the damage to the body caused by surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and reducing the recurrence rate etc,provides ideas for the comprehensive treatment of breast cancer.This paper discusses the understanding of breast cancer in Traditional Chinese medicine,the influence of immune microenvironment on the occurrence and development of breast cancer,and the regulation of immune microenvironment in breast cancer by traditional Chinese medicine,in order to provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer with traditional Chinese medicine.

Development of an indirect competitive ELISA for simultaneous detection of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin

Modified 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide(EDC) method was employed to synthesize the artificial antigen of enrofloxacin(ENR),and New Zealand rabbits were used to produce anti-ENR polyclonal antibody(pAb).Based on the checkerboard titration,an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) standard curve was established.This assay was sensitive and had a linear range from 0.6 to 148.0 μg/kg(R2=0.9567),with the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) and limit of detection(LOD) values of 9.4 μg/kg and 0.2 μg/kg,respectively.Of all the competitive analogues,the produced pAb exhibited a high cross-reactivity to ciprofloxacin(CIP)(87%),the main metabolite of ENR in tissues.After optimization,the matrix effects can be ignored using a 10-fold dilution in beef and 20-fold dilution in pork.The overall recoveries and coefficients of variation(CVs) were in the ranges of 86%-109% and 6.8%-13.1%,respectively.It can be concluded that the established ELISA method is suitable for simultaneous detection of ENR and CIP in animal tissues.

Development of an indirect competitive ELISA for simultaneous detection of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin

Modified 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide(EDC) method was employed to synthesize the artificial antigen of enrofloxacin(ENR),and New Zealand rabbits were used to produce anti-ENR polyclonal antibody(pAb).Based on the checkerboard titration,an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) standard curve was established.This assay was sensitive and had a linear range from 0.6 to 148.0 μg/kg(R2 =0.9567),with the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) and limit of detection(LOD) values of 9.4 μg/kg and 0.2 μg/kg,respectively.Of all the competitive analogues,the produced pAb exhibited a high cross-reactivity to ciprofloxacin(CIP)(87%),the main metabolite of ENR in tissues.After optimization,the matrix effects can be ignored using a 10-fold dilution in beef and 20-fold dilution in pork.The overall recoveries and coefficients of variation(CVs) were in the ranges of 86%-109% and 6.8%-13.1%,respectively.It can be concluded that the established ELISA method is suitable for simultaneous detection of ENR and CIP in animal tissues.

Analysis of 19-nortestosterone residue in animal tissues by ion-trap gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid sample treatment procedure for the gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determination of 19-nortestosterone (19-NT) in animal tissues has been developed.In our optimized procedures,enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase from Escherichia coli was performed in an acetate buffer (pH 5.2,0.2 mol/L).Next,the homogenate was mixed with methanol and heated at 60 ℃ for 15 min,then placed in an ice-bath at 18 ℃ for 2 h.After liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane,the analytes were subjected to a normal-phase solid phase extraction (SPE) C18 cartridge for clean-up.The dried organic extracts were derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA),and then the products were injected into GC-MS.Using electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS) with positive chemical ionization (PCI),four diagnostic ions (m/z 666,453,318,and 306) were determined.A standard calibration curve over the concentration range of 1-20 ng/g was reached,with Y=467084X-68354 (R2 =0.9997) for 19-NT,and the detection limit was 0.3 ng.When applied to spiked samples collected from bovine and ovine,the recoveries ranged from 63% to 101% with relative standard deviation (RSD) between 2.7% and 8.9%.The procedure is a highly efficient,sensitive,and more economical method which offers considerable potential to resolve cases of suspected nandrolone doping in husbandry animals.