Visual function and biofeedback training of patients with central vision loss:a review

Older individuals with macular diseases,such as age-related macular degeneration,experience central vision loss(CVL)due to degeneration of their photoreceptors and retinal cells.Patients with CVL may experience various vision impairments,including of visual acuity,fixation stability,contrast sensitivity,and stereoacuity.After CVL,most patients develop a preferred retinal locus outside the affected macular region,which serves as a new visual reference.In this review,we provide an overview of the visual function and impairment in individuals with CVL.In addition,the important role of biofeedback training on the visual function and activity of individuals with CVL is also reviewed.Accordingly,the location and development of the preferred retinal loci are discussed.Finally,this review discusses how to conduct biofeedback training to treat individuals with CVL.

多巴胺及其受体对形觉剥夺近视发展的影响

我国近视人口已近6亿,青少年近视率居世界第一,近视已成为危害我国居民视力健康的主要疾病之一。多巴胺是视网膜中主要的儿茶酚胺,众多研究发现提高多巴胺含量可有效抑制近视的发展。形觉剥夺是一种经典的近视造模方法,通过观察多巴胺及其受体对形觉剥夺近视发展的影响,可以反映其在近视发展中的作用,对指导控制近视的发生发展具有重要意义。本文就多巴胺及其受体对形觉剥夺性近视发展的影响进行综述,以期为近视的防治提供参考。

阿尔茨海默病患者OCTA血流密度改变的Meta分析

目的:使用Meta分析的方法探究阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者视网膜光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)血流密度的变化情况,并探究OCTA在AD患者早期诊断中的价值。方法:计算机检索2016-01/2021-09 Embase、Pubmed、The Cochrane Library数据库关于AD患者黄斑区血流密度的相关研究,由两位研究员独立筛选文献、提取资料并采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(NOS)评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,使用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入10篇文献,共计研究对象740例(眼),其中AD组321例,对照组419例(与AD组年龄相匹配且认知能力正常人群)。Meta分析结果显示,AD患者黄斑区浅层血流密度低于对照组(MD=-1.58,95%CI-2.60~-0.55,P=0.003);AD患者黄斑区深层血流密度低于对照组(MD=-2.72,95%CI-4.36~-1.07,P=0.001);AD患者旁中心凹血流密度低于对照组(MD=-1.44,95%CI-1.94~-0.94,P<0.00001);AD患者中心凹无血管区面积略大于对照组(MD=0.05,95%CI-0.01~0.11,P=0.13)。结论:AD患者黄斑区各分层血流密度均降低,OCTA可以辅助早期诊断AD。

OCTA在无视网膜病变的糖尿病患者中应用的Meta分析

目的:采用Meta分析方法评价光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)在无视网膜病变的糖尿病(NDR)患者中的应用。方法:计算机检索CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP、CBM、PubMed、Embase数据库以查找相关研究,检索时间为建库至2021-10。两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料,并采用NOS量表评价纳入研究质量,使用RevMan 5.3软件和STATA软件进行Meta分析和发表偏倚评价,对异质性较大的结果进行敏感性分析,确保结果的准确性。结果:共纳入44项研究,包括NDR患者2053例2600眼,健康对照组患者1775例2117眼,对黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积、周长,FAZ旁300μm内的血流密度(FD300)、非圆指数(AI)、黄斑区血流密度(VD)、神经节细胞复合体(GCC)厚度和视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度等17个指标进行了Meta分析,Meta分析结果显示:NDR组的FAZ浅层毛细血管丛(SCP)、深层毛细血管丛(DCP)面积、周长均高于健康对照组,FD300、黄斑区VD,RNFL厚度均低于健康对照组(均P<0.05);NDR组的AI值略高于健康对照组,GCC厚度、视乳头周围VD低于健康对照组,但组间均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:相比对健康对照组,NDR患者FAZ面积、周长增大,黄斑区VD、RNFL厚度降低,存在早期视网膜微血管损伤和神经退行性病变,OCTA可以作为DR早期诊断的辅助工具。

Effects of neuregulin-1 on autonomic nervous system remodeling post-myocardial infarction in a rat model

Sympathetic nerve and vagus nerve remodeling play an important part in cardiac function post-myocardial infarction （MI）. Increasing evidence indicates that neuregulin-1 （NRG-1） improves cardiac function following heart failure. Since its impact on cardiac function and neural remodeling post-MI is poorly understood, we aimed to investigate the role of NRG-1 in autonomic nervous system remodeling post-MI. Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were equally randomized into three groups： sham （with the left anterior descending coronary artery exposed but without ligation）, MI （left anterior descending coronary artery ligation）, and MI plus NRG-1 （left anterior descending coronary artery ligation followed by intraperitoneal injection of NRG-1 （10 lag/kg, once daily for 7 days））. At 4 weeks after MI, echocardi- ography was used to detect the rat cardiac function by measuring the left ventricular end-systolic inner diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening, mRNA and protein expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, growth associated protein-43 （neuronal specific pro- tein）, nerve growth factor, choline acetyltransferase （vagus nerve marker）, and vesicular acetylcholine transporter （cardiac vagal nerve fiber marker） in ischemic myocardia were detected by real-time PCR and western blot assay to assess autonomous nervous remodeling. After MI, the rat cardiac function deteriorated significantly, and it was significantly improved after NRG-1 injection. Compared with the MI group, mRNA and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and growth associated protein-43, as well as choline acetyltransferase mRNA level significantly decreased in the MI plus NRG-1 group, while mRNA and protein levels of nerve growth factor and vesicular acetylcholine transporters, as well as choline acetyltransferase protein level slightly decreased. Our results indicate that NRG- 1 can improve cardiac function and regulate sympathetic and vagus nerve remodeling post-MI, thus reaching a new balance of the autonomic nervous system to protect the heart from injury.

Analysis of limit cycle oscillations of a typical airfoil section with freeplay

A typical airfoil section system with freeplay is investigated in the paper. The classic quasi-steady flow model is applied to calculate the aerodynamics, and a piecewise-stiffness model is adopted to characterize the non- linearity of the airfoil section＇s freeplay. There are two crit- ical speeds in the system, i.e., a lower critical speed, above which the system might generate limit cycle oscillation, and an upper critical one, above which the system will flutter. Then a Poincar6 map is constructed for the limit cycle os- cillations by using piecewise-linear solutions with and with- out contact in the system. Through analysis of the Poincar6 map, a series of equations which can determine the frequen- cies of period-1 limit cycle oscillations at any flight veloc- ity are derived. Finally, these analytic results are compared to the results of numerical simulations, and a good agree- ment is found. The effects of freeplay value and contact stiffness ratio on the limit cycle oscillation are also analyzed through numerical simulations of the original system. More- over, there exist multi-periods limit cycle oscillations and even complicated ＂chaotic＂ oscillations may occur, which are usually found in smooth nonlinear dynamic systems.

Meta-analysis of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in treating retinal vein occlusion complicated by macular edema

Objective:TMeta-analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in treating patients with retinal vein occlusion(RVO)complicated by macular edema(ME).Methods:We searched The CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed and Cochrane Library from database.All of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in treating patients with RVO complicated by ME were searched.The Revman5.3 software were used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 30 trials involving 1943 patients and 1976 eyes were included.Meta-analysis showed that compared with western medicine,the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine can significantly improve the best corrected visual acuity[(MD=0.08,95%CI=0.07~0.10,P<0.00001)(MD=-0.16,95%CI=-0.24^-0.08,P=0.0002)(MD=5.78,95%CI=1.30~10.25,P=0.01)],reduce the central macular thickness(MD=-54.6,95%CI=-73.76^-35.43,P<0.00001),and improve the clinical effective rate(RR=1.32,95%CI=1.22~1.43,P<0.00001).Conclusion:The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine in treating patients with RVO complicated by ME was superior to western medicine in improving the best corrected visual acuity,reducing the thickness of macular fovea and improving the clinical efficacy.

Mechanism of panax notoginseng in treating vitreous hemorrhage based on network pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the possible molecular mechanism of panax notoginseng in the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage(VH).Methods:The active components of Panax notoginseng were screened by TCMSP database and the corresponding targets were collected.Vh-related gene targets were derived from GeneCards and OMIM database,and the target of Panax notoginseng was mapped to disease target genes.STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software were used to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network diagram and the interaction network of"Pantoginseng-active ingredient-VH-target protein",and the core action target genes were screened out.Finally,gene body(GO)biological process and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of KEGG were performed on the potential therapeutic targets.Results:We identified 8 active components,162 active component targets,1387 VHrelated genes and 75 candidate targets for VH.In the"Panax notoginseng-active ingredient-VH-target protein"interaction network,there are 82 nodes in total.The core target genes include AKT1,CASP3,VEGF-A,IL-6 and MMP-9.143 major enrichment pathways were identified by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.The key signal pathways include age-RAGE signaling pathway,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis,etc.,and the significant molecular functions include cytokine activity,receptor ligand activity,cytokine receptor binding,etc.Conclusion:The potential molecular mechanism of panax notoquinone in the treatment of VH is closely related to the biological processes of anti-angiogenesis,anti-inflammation,regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress,and AKT1,CASP3,VEGF-A,IL-6 and MMP-9 may be the core target genes.

A Truncated Arabidopsis NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY PROTEIN 1, AtNAP1;3T, Alters Plant Growth Responses to Abscisic Acid and Salt in the Atnap 1;3-2 Mutant

Chromatin remodeling is thought to have crucial roles in plant adaptive response to environmental stimulus. Here, we report that, in Arabidopsis, the evolutionarily conserved histone chaperone, NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY PROTEIN 1 （NAP1）, is involved in plant response to abscisic acid （ABA）, a phytohormone important in stress adaptation. We show that simultaneous loss-of-function of AtNAP1;1, AtNAP1;20 and AtNAP1;3 （the triple mutant m123-1） caused a slight hypersensitive response to ABA in seedling growth. Strikingly, the other triple mutant m123-2 containing a different mutant allele of AtNAP1;3, the Atnap 1;3-2 allele, showed a hyposensitive response to ABA and a decreased tolerance to salt stress. This ABA- hyposensitive and salt response phenotype specifically associated with the Atnapl;3-2 mutant allele. We show that this mutant allele produced a truncated protein, AtNAP1;3T, which lacks 34 amino acids at the C-terminus compared to the wild-type protein AtNAP1;3. We further show that the heterozygous plants containing the Atnapl;3-2 mutant allele as well as transgenic plants overexpressing AtNAP1;3Texhibit ABA-hyposensitive phenotype. It thus indicates that AtNAP1;3T functions as a dominant negative factor in ABA response. The expression of some ABA-responsive genes, including genes encoding protein kinases and transcription regulators, was found perturbed in the mutant and in theAtNAP1;3Ttransgenic plants. Taken together, our study uncovered AtNAP1 proteins as positive regulators and AtNAP1;3Tas a negative regulator in ABA signaling pathways, providing a novel link of chromatin remodeling to hormonal and stress responses.

Stabilized cathode/sulfide solid electrolyte interface via Li_(2)ZrO_(3)coating for all-solid-state batteries

High-capacity LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM)cathode is essential for realizing high energy density all-solid-state lithium batteries.However,the space charge layer effect between NCM cathode and the commonly used sulfide solid electrolyte results in deterioration of the battery performance.In this work,a 10-nm electrochemical stable Li_(2)ZrO_(3)(LZO)layer was in situ coated on the surface of NCM particles through facile wet chemical method.

Local multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis for tea breeds identification

In recent years, the popular multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis （MF-DFA） is extended to two-dimensional （2D） version, which has been applied in some field of image processing. In this paper, based on the 2D MF-DFA, a novel multifractal estimation method for images, which we called the local multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis （LMF-DFA）, is proposed to recognize and distinguish 20 types of tea breeds. A set of new multifractal descriptors, namely the local multifractal fluctuation exponents is defined to portray the local scaling properties of a surface. After collecting 10 tea leaves for each breed and photographing them to standard images, the LMF-DFA method is used to extract characteristic parameters for the images. Our analysis finds that there are significant differences among the different tea breeds＇ characteristic parameters by analysis of variance. Both the proposed LMF-DFA exponents and another classic parameter, namely the exponent based on capacity measure method have been used as features to distinguish the 20 tea breeds. The comparison results illustrate that the LMF-DFA estimation can differentiate the tea breeds more effectively and provide more satisfactory accuracy.