焦化行业碳氢资源利用潜力与低碳路径评价

中国焦炭产量达4.73×10^(8)t,副产焦炉气约2×10^(11)m^(3)。焦炉气富含H_(2)、CH_(4)和CO等碳氢资源,对其有效利用并衔接上下游产业的氢能需求,有望产生显著的产业链减碳效益。本研究构建全国焦化企业的空间地理坐标和产能数据库,针对典型焦化企业开展物质流、碳流分析,系统比较焦炉气不同利用路径的环境影响、碳减排效益及碳氢资源利用率,提出优化的焦炉气利用策略。结果表明,我国焦化企业集中度较低,山西省是独立焦化企业最多的省份,企业规模在2×10^(6)t以下;河北、辽宁、吉林、江苏等地则主要以钢焦联合企业为主,主要为大型焦化企业。焦化行业副产大量焦炉气,可产氢气达1×10^(11)m^(3)。生命周期评价结果表明,焦炉气用于化工转化和还原剂高炉喷吹相比作燃料直接发电均可有效降低碳排放,尤其制氢路径和高炉喷吹路径的全球变暖潜值减少量分别是制甲醇路径的5倍和67倍。此外,在各种焦炉气利用路径中,总环境影响从高到低依次为制甲醇、发电、制LNG、制合成氨、制氢、高炉喷吹。结合各焦炉气利用路径分析与钢、焦企业空间分布,山西省等地独立焦化企业较多,可优先考虑向焦炉气制氢方向转型。而有条件发展钢焦联合发展区域,如河北、辽宁、吉林、江苏等地,向高炉喷吹焦炉气工艺改造转型,更有利于产生行业间协同效益,有效推动减污降碳发展。

Inhibitory effect of human telomerase antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides on the growth of gastric cancer cell lines in variant tumor pathological subtype

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of specialized human telomerase antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides on the growth of well (MKN-28), moderately (SGC-7901)and poorly (MKN-45) differentiated gastric cancer cell lines under specific conditions and its inhibition mechanism,and to observe the correlation between the growth inhibition ratio and the tumor pathologic subtype of gastric cancer cells.METHODS: Telomerase activity in three gastric cancer cell lines of variant tumor pathologic subtype was determined by modified TRAP assay before and after the specialized human telomerase antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides were dealt with under specific conditions. Effect of antisense oligomer under specific conditions of the growth and viability of gastric cancer cell lines was explored by using trypan blue dye exclusion assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by cell morphology observation, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay.RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detected in well,moderately and poorly differentiated gastric cancer cell lines (the quantification expression of telomerase activity was 43.7TPG, 56.5TPG, 76.7TPG, respectively).Telomerase activity was controlled to 30.2TPG, 36.3TPG and 35.2TPG for MKN-28, SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cell lines respectively after treatment with human telomerase antisense oligomers at the concentration of 5 μmol/L, and was entirely inhibited at 10 μmol/L, against the template region of telomerase RNA component, whereas no inhibition effect was detected in missense oligomers (P＜0.05). After treatment with antisense oligomers at different concentrations under specific conditions for 96 h, significant growth inhibition effects were found in MKN-45 and SGC-7901gastric cancer cell lines (the inhibition ratio was 40.89%and 71.28%), but not in MKN-28 cell lines (15.86%). The ratio of inactive SGC-7901 cells increased according to the prolongation of treatment from 48 to 96 h. Missense oligomers could not lead to the same effect (P＜0.05).Apoptosis of SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells was detected not only by morphology and TUNEL assay but also by flow cytometry. The apoptotic rate reached 33.56% for SGC-7901 cells and 44.75% for MKN-45 cells.CONCLUSION: The viability and proliferation of gastric cancer cells can be inhibited by antisense telomerase oligomers. The growth inhibition of gastric cancer cells is correlated with concentration, time and sequence specialty of antisense oligomers. The inhibition mechanism of antisense human telomerase oligomers depends not only on the sequence specialty but also on the biological characteristics of gastric cancer cell lines.