Fault Detection Using Negative Selection and Genetic Algorithms

In this paper,negative selection and genetic algorithms are combined and an improved bi-objective optimization scheme is presented to achieve optimized negative selection algorithm detectors.The main aim of the optimal detector generation technique is maximal nonself space coverage with reduced number of diversified detectors.Conventionally,researchers opted clonal selection based optimization methods to achieve the maximal nonself coverage milestone;however,detectors cloning process results in generation of redundant similar detectors and inefficient detector distribution in nonself space.In approach proposed in the present paper,the maximal nonself space coverage is associated with bi-objective optimization criteria including minimization of the detector overlap and maximization of the diversity factor of the detectors.In the proposed methodology,a novel diversity factorbased approach is presented to obtain diversified detector distribution in the nonself space.The concept of diversified detector distribution is studied for detector coverage with 2-dimensional pentagram and spiral self-patterns.Furthermore,the feasibility of the developed fault detection methodology is tested the fault detection of induction motor inner race and outer race bearings.

Interactions of Cationic Surfactant Cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide with Ammonium nitrate:Surface and Thermodynamic Studies

The study of interactions between surfactant and salt in aqueous solutions has attracted significant interest in recent years because of their widespread applications and relatively complex behavior.This work reports the systematic study of surface phenomenon and self-aggregation behavior of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB)with ammonium nitrate(NH_(4)NO_(3))salt.Surface and thermodynamic properties of cationic surfactant CTAB with NH_(4)NO_(3)were investigated at different temperatures using different techniques such as conductometry and surface tensiometery.The surface tension measurement was carried out to find out the critical micelle concentration,free energy of adsorption,free energy of micellization,minimum area per molecule,and surface excess concentration.The study reveals that the process of micellization is spontaneous and exothermic in nature.Conductance measurement was carried out to determine critical micelle concentration,degree of ionization and degree of counter ion binding.Addition of NH_(4)NO_(3)to the surfactant solutions increase the values of degree of ionization and degree of counter ion binding,although it lowers the values of critical micelle concentration showing that the process of micellization is more favorable and spontaneous.The study is very helpful to develop better understanding about interaction between electrolyte and surfactant,which are used in many applications and in different processes(e.g.,pharmaceutical,industrial foaming,drug solubilization,oil recovery,and medium for metal nanoparticle formation).

Magnetically treated water irrigation effect on turnip seed germination,seedling growth and enzymatic activities

Pre-sowing magnetic field seed treatment effects on biological characteristics of vegetables and crops have been studied well.However,studies reporting irrigation with magnetically treated water are scanty.Therefore,the effect of irrigation with magnetically treated water on turnip seed germination,seedling growth and enzymatic activities was evaluated.The tap water was treated at 211 mT for 30,45 and 60 min and used for irrigation of turnip seed and seedlings.Uniform and healthy turnip seed was sown under randomized complete block design(RCBD).The germination,emergence rate index,vigor index I and vigor index II increased up to 28.33%,11.54%,57.59%and 32.26%,respectively.The growth parameters such as seedling lengths,fresh&dry weights,chlorophyll content were also enhanced in response of irrigation with magnetically treated water.The seedlings irrigated with magnetically treated water showed 28.92%,11.36%and 14.76%higher protein content,alpha amylase and protease activities,respectively vs control.Results revealed that irrigation with magnetically treated water has potential to improve turnip germination,seedling growth and enzymatic activities and this study is also extendable to other vegetables and crops for the improvement of germination and growth.