Stress triggering effect on the 2022 Honghe M_(S)5.0 earthquake with historical strong earthquakes

The 2022 Honghe M_(S)5.0 seismic event is intriguing due to its occurrence in the south of the Red River Fault,an area historically lacking seismic activities greater than M_(S)5.0.To elucidate the seismogenic mechanism and scrutinize stress-triggered interactions,we calculated co-seismic and post-seismic Coulomb stress alterations induced by nine historical seismic events(M≥6.0).The analysis reveals that these substantial seismic events provoked co-seismic stress augmentations of 1.409 bar and postseismic stress increments of 0.159 bar.Noteworthy seismic events,such as the 1833 Songming,1877Shiping,1913 Eshan,and 1970 Tonghai earthquakes,catalyzed the occurrence of the Honghe earthquake.Areas of heightened future seismic risk include the southern region of the Red River Fault and the eastern segments of the Shiping-Jianshui and Qujiang faults.Additionally,we assessed the correlation between the spatial distribution of aftershocks and the Coulomb stress shift triggered by the mainshock,taking into account the influence of calculation parameter settings.

Effects of subtle change in side chains on the photovoltaic performance of small molecular donors for solar cells

Small-molecule organic solar cells(SMOSCs)have attracted considerable attention owing to the merits of small molecules,such as easy purification,well-defined chemical structure.To achieve high-performance SMOSCs,the rational design of well-matched donor and acceptor materials is extremely essential.In this work,two new small molecular donor materials with subtle change in the conjugated side thiophene rings are synthesized.The subtle change significantly affects the photovoltaic performance of molecular donors.Compared with chlorinated molecule MDJ-Cl,the non-chlorinated analogue MDJ exhibits decreased miscibility with the non-fullerene acceptor Y6,can more efficiently quench the excitons of Y6.As a result,a improved PCE of 11.16% is obtained for MDJ:Y6 based SMOSCs.The results highlight the importance of fine-tuning the molecular structure to achieve high-performance SMOSCs.

Immunomodulatory Activity of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and its Therapeutic Effect on Liver Failure

Liver failure is characterized by the rapid deterioration of liver function,often accompanied by ascites,coagulation dysfunction,hepatic encephalopathy,and other critical complications.Owing to the complex multifaceted pathogenesis and consequential clinical manifestations of the disease,liver failure displays poor prognosis and warrants comprehensive clinical treatment and management.Liver transplantation remains the only well-established treatment for liver failure.However,several factors including transplantation cost and low organ donation rates limit the rate of liver transplantation.The development of a suitable therapy for liver failure is a significant challenge and remains a cause of concern for the medical world.Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF),a member of the cytokine family of hematopoietic growth factors,is involved in the migration of hematopoietic stem cells into the damaged liver,and effectuates their dedifferentiation into hepatocytes.Liver regeneration involves a complex crosstalk of multiple cell types,including hepatocytes,endothelial cells,and inflammatory cells.Neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages that present different types of innate immune cells were found to play a crucial role in the progression of inflammation and restoration of the liver tissue.G-CSF,known as the most common used cytokine,may also affect these immune cells by combining G-CSF receptors on their surface.The immunomodulatory activity of G-CSF should be studied and described in order to ascertain its therapeutic effect on liver failure.