Salsolinol as an RNA m~6A methylation inducer mediates dopaminergic neuronal death by regulating YAP1 and autophagy

Salsolinol(1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline,Sal)is a catechol isoquinoline that causes neurotoxicity and shares structural similarity with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,an environmental toxin that causes Parkinson's disease.However,the mechanism by which Sal mediates dopaminergic neuronal death remains unclear.In this study,we found that Sal significantly enhanced the global level of N~6-methyladenosine(m~6A)RNA methylation in PC12 cells,mainly by inducing the downregulation of the expression of m~6A demethylases fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)and alk B homolog 5(ALKBH5).RNA sequencing analysis showed that Sal downregulated the Hippo signaling pathway.The m~6A reader YTH domain-containing family protein 2(YTHDF2)promoted the degradation of m~6A-containing Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1)mRNA,which is a downstream key effector in the Hippo signaling pathway.Additionally,downregulation of YAP1 promoted autophagy,indicating that the mutual regulation between YAP1 and autophagy can lead to neurotoxicity.These findings reveal the role of Sal on m~6A RNA methylation and suggest that Sal may act as an RNA methylation inducer mediating dopaminergic neuronal death through YAP1 and autophagy.Our results provide greater insights into the neurotoxic effects of catechol isoquinolines compared with other studies and may be a reference for assessing the involvement of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

Spatial Dynamics of Chickenpox Outbreaks in Rapidly Developing Regions:Implications for Global Public Health

Objective The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children.However,certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied.Here,we examined the relationship between spatial clustering,heterogeneity of chickenpox outbreaks,and socioeconomic factors in Southern China.Methods We assessed chickenpox outbreak data from Southern China between 2006 and 2021,comprising both relatively fast-growing parts and slower sub-regions,and provides a representative sample of many developing regions.We analyzed the spatial clustering attributes associated with chickenpox outbreaks using Moran’s I and local indicators of spatial association and quantified their socioeconomic determinants using Geodetector q statistics.Results There were significant spatial heterogeneity in the risk of chickenpox outbreaks,with strong correlations between chickenpox risk and various factors,particularly demographics and living environment.Furthermore,interactive effects among specific are factors,such as population density and per capita residential building area,percentage of households with toilets,percentage of rental housing,exhibited q statistics of 0.28,0.25,and 0.24,respectively.Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of chickenpox outbreaks in rapidly developing regions,revealing the socioeconomic factors affecting disease transmission.These implications extend the formulation of effective public health strategies and interventions to prevent and control chickenpox outbreaks in similar global contexts.

Enhancing long-term stability of bio-photoelectrochemical cell by defect engineering of a WO_(3-x) photoanode

Bio-photoelectrochemical cells(BPECs)can further expand the use of conventional biofuel cells for renewable energy,but the poor stability of the photoelectrode still hinders their practical application.Herein,a BPEC capable of long-term operating in a fuel-free model is fabricated by WO3-xphotoanode with oxygen vacancy(Ov)and bilirubin oxidase catalyzed biocathode.The construction of Ov on the WO3surface significantly suppresses the dissolution of W species into the electrolyte,and improves the charge separation efficiency and the reaction kinetics during the photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution process,thus enhancing the stability and power output performance of the BPEC.As a result,the assembled BPEC can output an open circuit voltage of 0.81 V and deliver a maximum output power of up to 283μW cm^(-2).Impressively,the BPECs maintain 97%of their original power after 36000 s of consecutive discharge under an enclosed environment.This fuel-free BPEC based on a robust WO3-xphotoanode shows excellent promise for accurate application.

Enhanced recovery of high-purity Fe powder from iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue by slurry electrolysis

Iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue(IREMR)is an industrial waste produced during the processing of electrolytic metal manganese,and it contains certain amounts of Fe and Mn resources and other heavy metals.In this study,the slurry electrolysis technique was used to recover high-purity Fe powder from IREMR.The effects of IREMR and H2SO4 mass ratio,current density,reaction temper-ature,and electrolytic time on the leaching and current efficiencies of Fe were studied.According to the results,high-purity Fe powder can be recovered from the cathode plate,and the slurry electrolyte can be recycled.The leaching efficiency,current efficiency,and purity of Fe reached 92.58%,80.65%,and 98.72wt%,respectively,at a 1:2.5 mass ratio of H2SO4 and IREMR,reaction temperature of 60℃,electric current density of 30 mA/cm^(2),and reaction time of 8 h.In addition,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)analysis showed that the coercivity of electrolytic iron powder was 54.5 A/m,which reached the advanced magnetic grade of electrical pure-iron powder(DT4A coercivity standard).The slurry electrolytic method provides fundamental support for the industrial application of Fe resource recovery in IRMER.

Effects of content and particle size of TiH2 powders on the energy output rules of RDX composite explosives

In order to improve the detonation characteristics of RDX,a RDX-based composite explosive with TiH_(2)powders was prepared.The effects of content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders on thermal safety,shock wave parameters and thermal damage effects of RDX-based composite explosive were studied with the C80 microcalorimeter,air blast experiment system and colorimetric thermometry method.Experimental results showed that TiH_(2)powders could enhance the thermal stability of RDX-based composite explosive and increase its ultimate decomposition heat.The content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders also had significant effects on the thermal safety,detonation velocity,shock wave parameters,fireball temperature and duration of RDX-based composite explosives.Furthermore,the differences of TiH_(2)and Ti powders on the detonation energy output rules of RDX-based composite explosives were also compared,showing that TiH_(2)powders had better influences on improving the explosion power and thermal damage effect of RDX-based composite explosives than Ti powders,for the participation of free H_(2)released by TiH_(2)powders in the detonation process.TiH_(2)powders have important research values as a novel energetic additive in the field of military composite explosives.

A synthetic diagnostics platform for microwave imaging diagnostics in tokamaks

Interpreting experimental diagnostics data in tokamaks,while considering non-ideal effects,is challenging due to the complexity of plasmas.To address this challenge,a general synthetic diagnostics(GSD)platform has been established that facilitates microwave imaging reflectometry and electron cyclotron emission imaging.This platform utilizes plasma profiles as input and incorporates the finite-difference time domain,ray tracing and the radiative transfer equation to calculate the propagation of plasma spontaneous radiation and the external electromagnetic field in plasmas.Benchmark tests for classical cases have been conducted to verify the accuracy of every core module in the GSD platform.Finally,2D imaging of a typical electron temperature distribution is reproduced by this platform and the results are consistent with the given real experimental data.This platform also has the potential to be extended to 3D electromagnetic field simulations and other microwave diagnostics such as cross-polarization scattering.

Use of evergreen and deciduous plants by nocturnal-roosting birds:A case study in Beijing

With continually increasing urbanization,the land cover in urban areas continues to change,resulting in the loss of biodiversity.Birds are highly sensitive to changes in habitat.Most forest birds perch on plants that provide increased safety to reduce the risk of predation,and small birds may also consider insulation when using roosting plants in winter because of cold weather.Landscaping plants thus shape the nocturnal roosting environment of urban birds,and proper planting is essential for the survival of birds at night.The use of roosting plants by urban birds should therefore be studied to provide a reference for landscaping.In the current study,we observed 1865 nocturnal roosting birds in Beijing from 2021 to 2022,with 23 species of birds from 12 families and 45 species of plants from 22 families recorded.Juniperus chinensis exhibited the highest bird rarity-weighted richness,followed by Fraxinus pennsylvanica,Phyllostachys propinqua,Pinus tabuliformis,and Ulmus pumila.The diameter at breast height,tree height,and crown width of plants used by birds was largest in summer and smallest in winter,and the perch height of birds was the highest in spring and summer and the lowest in winter.Birds used the highest proportion of deciduous plants in summer and the highest proportion of evergreen plants in winter.A significant seasonal difference in the use of evergreen and deciduous plants by small birds was noted,with a preference for deciduous plants in summer and evergreen plants in winter,while this preference was not found in large birds.These findings indicate that evergreen plants provide a vital nocturnal roosting environment for small birds in winter.To provide a better nocturnal roosting habitat for urban birds,we recommend paying attention to the combination of evergreen and deciduous plants when carrying out landscape construction.

Development of digital organ-on-a-chip to assess hepatotoxicity and extracellular vesicle-based anti-liver cancer immunotherapy

Organ-on-a-chip systems have been increasingly recognized as attractive platforms to assess toxicity and to develop new therapeutic agents.However,current organ-on-a-chip platforms are limited by a“single pot”design,which inevitably requires holistic analysis and limits parallel processing.Here,we developed a digital organ-on-a-chip by combining a microwell array with cellular microspheres,which significantly increased the parallelism over traditional organ-on-a-chip for drug development.Up to 127 uniform liver cancer microspheres in this digital organ-on-a-chip format served as individual analytical units,allowing for analysis with high consistency and quick response.Our platform displayed evident anti-cancer efficacy at a concentration of 10μM for sorafenib,and had greater alignment than the“single pot”organ-on-a-chip with a previous in vivo study.In addition,this digital organ-on-a-chip demonstrated the treatment efficacy of natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles for liver cancer at 50μg/mL.The successful development of this digital organ-on-a-chip platform provides high-parallelism and a low-variability analytical tool for toxicity assessment and the exploration of new anticancer modalities,thereby accelerating the joint endeavor to combat cancer.

Enhancing Iterative Learning Control With Fractional Power Update Law

The P-type update law has been the mainstream technique used in iterative learning control(ILC)systems,which resembles linear feedback control with asymptotical convergence.In recent years,finite-time control strategies such as terminal sliding mode control have been shown to be effective in ramping up convergence speed by introducing fractional power with feedback.In this paper,we show that such mechanism can equally ramp up the learning speed in ILC systems.We first propose a fractional power update rule for ILC of single-input-single-output linear systems.A nonlinear error dynamics is constructed along the iteration axis to illustrate the evolutionary converging process.Using the nonlinear mapping approach,fast convergence towards the limit cycles of tracking errors inherently existing in ILC systems is proven.The limit cycles are shown to be tunable to determine the steady states.Numerical simulations are provided to verify the theoretical results.

复方丁香挥发油对UV致小鼠皮肤光老化损伤的保护作用

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析复方丁香挥发油的成分,并将复方丁香挥发油涂于KM小鼠背部去毛处,以UVA/UVB联合照射50天,通过皮肤表观评价、HE和Masson染色及Western Blot检测皮肤中Ⅰ型胶原和MMP-3蛋白的表达,对其抗光老化作用进行评价。结果发现,复方丁香挥发油主要以丁香酚(31.96%)、(E)-藁本内酯(20.56%)、咖啡因(12.72%)等成分为主,能显著改善UV致小鼠光老化皮肤外观和组织结构,增加胶原纤维,并可上调Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达,下调MMP-3蛋白表达。总之,复方丁香挥发油可改善紫外线致小鼠皮肤皱纹、粗糙,抑制光老化皮肤胶原降解,促进皮肤修复。

基于机器学习和第一性原理计算构建双电子转移通道加速CO_(2)光还原

光催化还原CO_(2)技术可以将CO_(2)转化为高附加值化学品,在解决日益严重的环境污染和能源危机方面具有巨大潜力.然而,CO_(2)分子较高的C=O键键能(750 kJ mol^(-1))为其活化和还原带来了挑战.因此,构建具有新型电子转移路径的光催化剂具有重要意义.与传统的单电子传输通道相比,层状材料的多电子传输通道在改善载流子传输能力方面具有明显的优势.然而,设计具有合适参数的多电子通道光催化剂模型仍是重要挑战.本文首先采用理论计算预测了具有双电子转移通道、参数匹配的三元异质结BiOBr-Bi-g-C_(3)N_(4);然后,通过机器学习探讨了各种实验参数对双电子传输通道的光催化活性影响的线性规律,优化了实验参数,制备了光催化活性较高的BiOBr-Bi-g-C_(3)N_(4)催化剂;最后,结合第一性原理计算和实验表征结果揭示了其光催化机理.理论计算结果表明,BiOBr-Bi-g-C_(3)N_(4)异质结具有最佳的吉布斯自由能(|ΔG|),有利于光催化H_(2)O解离和CO_(2)还原.实验发现,在300 W Xe灯照射下,CO_(2)还原光催化活性高达43μmol g^(-1)h^(-1).与Bi-BiOBr和Bi-g-C_(3)N_(4)相比,BiOBr-Bi-g-C_(3)N_(4)催化CO_(2)还原:的速率分别提高了约4.7倍和3.1倍.分析新型结构催化剂之所以具有良好的活性,主要有以下三个原因:(1)三者之间匹配的功函数使得BiOBr和g-C_(3)N_(4)纳米片可以与Bi形成肖特基异质结,在光照下,电子从BiOBr和g-C_(3)N_(4)向Bi转移;此外,g-C_(3)N_(4)纳米片与BiOBr具有相似的层间结构和匹配的能级结构,有利于形成Bi-BiOBr和Bi-g-C_(3)N_(4)双电子传输通道,从而实现载流子的有效分离和转移.(2)丰富的Bi活性位点可以抑制光生载流子的随机分布,使其限域在BiOBr与g-C_(3)N_(4)层间;这些载流子在特定的时间尺度上产生了独特的叠加态,优化了CO_(2)还原的多电子反应动力学路径.(3)g-C_(3)N_(4)的引入提高了Bi-BiOBr的太阳光利用率和比表面积.综上所述,本文成功地预测、设计和制备了一种具有双电子传输通道的新型三元异质结BiOBr-Bi-g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化剂,其表现出较高的光催化CO_(2)还原性能.理论计算和实验结果表明,BiOBr和g-C_(3)N_(4)相似的层间结构和匹配的能级结构使得具有不同弛豫时间的电子能够形成相干态;而Bi作为CO_(2)还原的良好活性位点,能够同时提高BiOBr和g-C_(3)N_(4)的载流子转移性能.因此,具有不同寿命的电子可以参与到CO_(2)还原的过程中去.本文可为高性能CO_(2)还原光催化剂的精准预测和合理设计提供实验和理论参考.

Cotton BLH1 and KNOX6 antagonistically modulate fiber elongation via regulation of linolenic acid biosynthesis

BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN(BLH)proteins are known to function in various plant developmental processes.However,the role of BLHs in regulating plant cell elongation is still unknown.Here,we identify a BLH gene,GhBLH1,that positively regulates fiber cell elongation.Combined transcriptomic and biochemical analyses reveal that GhBLH1 enhances linolenic acid accumulation to promote cotton fiber cell elongation by activating the transcription of GhFAD7A-1 via binding of the POX domain of GhBLH1 to the TGGA cis-element in the GhFAD7A-1 promoter.Knockout of GhFAD7A-1 in cotton significantly reduces fiber length,whereas overexpression of GhFAD7A-1 results in longer fibers.The K2 domain of GhKNOX6 directly interacts with the POX domain of GhBLH1 to form a functional heterodimer,which interferes with the transcriptional activation of GhFAD7A-1 via the POX domain of GhBLH1.Overexpression of GhKNOX6 leads to a significant reduction in cotton fiber length,whereas knockout of GhKNOX6 results in longer cotton fibers.An examination of the hybrid progeny of GhBLH1 and GhKNOX6 transgenic cotton lines provides evidence that GhKNOX6 negatively regulates GhBLH1-mediated cotton fiber elongation.Our results show that the interplay between GhBLH1 and GhKNOX6 modulates regulation of linolenic acid synthesis and thus contributes to plant cell elongation.

Abundance and sources of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic acids at an urban site in central China

We conducted a simultaneous field study of PM_(2.5)-bound particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and aromatic acids(AAs)in a polluted city Zhengzhou to explore the concentration,sources and potential conversion pathways between PAHs and AAs in different seasons.The average concentrations of PM_(2.5),28PAHs and 8AAs during the sampling period were 77μg/m^(3),75 ng/m^(3),and 283 ng/m^(3),respectively.The concentration of both28PAHs and 8AAs were highest in winter and lowest in summer with ratios of 6.3 and 2.3,respectively.PAHs with 5-7 rings were the main components of PAHs(52%),followed by 4rings PAHs(30%)and 2-3 rings PAHs(18%).According to the source appointment results obtained by positive matrix factorization,the main sources of PAHs were combustion and vehicle emissions,which account for 37%and 34%,respectively.8AAs were divided into three groups,including four benzene dicarboxylic acids(B2CAs),three benzene tricarboxylic acids(B3CAs)and one benzene tetracarboxylic acid(B4CA).And interspecies correlation analysis with PM_(2.5)source markers were used to investigate potential sources.Phthalic acid(o-Ph)was the most abundant specie of 8AAs(157 ng/m^(3),55%of 8AAs),which was well correlated with sulfate.Meanwhile,B3CAs and B4CA were highly correlated with sulfate and weakly correlated with levoglucosan,suggesting that secondary formation was their main source.As logical oxidation products of PAHs,o-Ph and B3CAs showed good correlations with a number of PAHs,indicating possible photochemical oxidation pathway by PAHs.In addition,O_(3),NO_(2),temperature and relative humidity have positive effects on the secondary formation of B3CAs.

Coupling interface constructions of hollow Co-Mo mixed multiple oxidation states heterostructure for high-performance aprotic Li-O_(2) battery

Constructing interfaces in heterostructures is effective for modulating the electronic properties of electrocatalysts.The hollow CoMoO_(4)-Co_(3)O_(4) heterostructure(HCMCH)was prepared as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for Li-O_(2) battery.The different components in CoMoO_(4)-Co_(3)O_(4) heterostructure presented the efficient coupling and enhanced the electrocatalytic activity for aprotic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),in which it improved the obviously reduced overpotential of 300 mV(compared with the pure Ketjen black(KB)electrode),enhanced reversibility of 80%capacity retention after 6 full cycles and the superior cyclability of more than 200 cycles with an optimized strategy.The battery performance of the HCMCH was not only associated with the unique hollow structure and rich active sites but also with coupling interface constructions synergetic effects attaching to the improving conductivity and optimized the discharge conversion.These results suggested that this HCMCH electrocatalyst was a promising candidate for the Li-O_(2) battery and it gave a novel insight for high performance electrocatalyst designing.

Exploiting viral vectors to deliver genome editing reagents in plants

Genome editing holds great promise for the molecular breeding of plants,yet its application is hindered by the shortage of simple and effective means of delivering genome editing reagents into plants.Conventional plant transformation-based methods for delivery of genome editing reagents into plants often involve prolonged tissue culture,a labor-intensive and technically challenging process for many elite crop cultivars.In this review,we describe various virus-based methods that have been employed to deliver genome editing reagents,including components of the CRISPR/Cas machinery and donor DNA for precision editing in plants.We update the progress in these methods with recent successful examples of genome editing achieved through virus-based delivery in different plant species,highlight the advantages and limitations of these delivery approaches,and discuss the remaining challenges.

Establishment and Application of a Radiation Dose Rate Model for Nuclear Medicine Examinees

Introduction:Traditional methods for determining radiation dose in nuclear medicine include the Monte Carlo method,the discrete ordinate method,and the point kernel integration method.This study presents a new mathematical model for predicting the radiation dose rate in the vicinity of nuclear medicine patients.Methods:A new algorithm was created by combining the physical model of“cylinder superposition”of the human body with integral analysis to assess the radiation dose rate in the vicinity of nuclear medicine patients.Results:The model accurately predicted radiation dose rates within distances of 0.1–3.0 m,with a deviation of less than 11%compared to observed rates.The model demonstrated greater accuracy at shorter distances from the radiation source,with a deviation of only 1.55%from observed values at 0.1 m.Discussion:The model proposed in this study effectively represents the spatial and temporal distribution of the radiation field around nuclear medicine patients and demonstrates good agreement with actual measurements.This model has the potential to serve as a radiation dose rate alert system in hospital environments.

A Blockchain-Based Credible and Secure Education Experience Data Management Scheme Supporting for Searchable Encryption

With the in-depth application of new technologies such as big data in education fields,the storage and sharing model of student education records data still faces many challenges in terms of privacy protection and efficient transmission.In this paper,we propose a data security storage and sharing scheme based on consortium blockchain,which is a credible search scheme without verification.In our scheme,the implementation of data security storage is using the blockchain and storage server together.In detail,the smart contract provides protection for data keywords,the storage server stores data after data masking,and the blockchain ensures the traceability of query transactions.The need for precise privacy data is achieved by constructing a dictionary.Cryptographic techniques such as AES and RSA are used for encrypted storage of data,keywords,and digital signatures.Security analysis and performance evaluation shows that the availability,high efficiency,and privacy-preserving can be achieved.Meanwhile,this scheme has better robustness compared to other educational records data sharing models.

High performance of multi-layered alternating Ni-Fe-P and Co-P films for hydrogen evolution

Judiciously engineering the electrocatalysts is attractive and challenging to exploit materials with high electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction.Herein,we successfully perform the interface engineering by alternately depositing Co±P and Ni±Fe±P films on nickel foam,via facile electroless plating and de-alloying process.This work shows that there is a significant effect of de-alloying process on alloy growth.The electronic structure of layered alloys is improved by interface engineering.The multilayer strategy significantly promotes the charge transfer.Importantly,the Co±P/Ni±Fe±P/NF electrode fabricated by interface engineering exhibits excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity with an overpotential of 43.4 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and long-term durability for 72 h in alkaline medium(1 mol L^(-1)KOH).The innovative strategy of this work may aid further development of commercial electrocatalysts.

Analysis of Cloning and Expression Characteristics of Capsicum chinense Jacq. CcMYB Gene

In order to discuss the role of MYB gene in capsaicine synthesis process, one CcMYB gene was cloned from Capsicum chinense Jacq. by RT-PCR. Its cDNA has a total length of 1 038 bp, and was speculated to code 345 amino acids, comprising an complete open reading frame. The isoelectric point is 8.57, and the molecular weight is 38.2 KD. The protein is a neutral hydrophobin without transmentbrane structure. There are two MYBDNA domains at the N terminal. The fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that CcMYB gene was expressed in all the root, stem, leaf, flower, placenta and fruit tissue of pepper, and the expression level was the highest in fruit ; and CcMYB was expressed in fruit at the highest level at turning stage, and at the second highest level at expansion stage, which accords with the expression profile of punl gene in fruit development period. It is speculated that CcMYB gene plays an important role in the regulation of capsaicine synthesis in C. chinense fruit.

Diversity and independent evolutionary profiling of rodent-borne viruses in Hainan,a tropical island of China

The risk of emerging infectious diseases(EID)is increasing globally.More than 60%of EIDs worldwide are caused by animal-borne pathogens.This study aimed to characterize the virome,analyze the phylogenetic evolution,and determine the diversity of rodent-borne viruses in Hainan Province,China.We collected 682 anal and throat samples from rodents,combined them into 28 pools according to their species and location,and processed them for next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.The diverse viral contigs closely related to mammals were assigned to 22 viral families.Molecular clues of the important rodent-borne viruses were further identified by polymerase chain reaction for phylogenetic analysis and annotation of genetic characteristics such as arenavirus,coronavirus,astrovirus,pestivirus,parvovirus,and papillomavirus.We identified pestivirus and bocavirus in Leopoldoms edwardsi from Huangjinjiaoling,and bocavirus in Rattus andamanensis from the national nature reserves of Bangxi with low amino acid identity to known pathogens are proposed as the novel species,and their rodent hosts have not been previously reported to carry these viruses.These results expand our knowledge of viral classification and host range and suggest that there are highly diverse,undiscovered viruses that have evolved independently in their unique wildlife hosts in inaccessible areas.