中国法律论证学的语用转向

在我国,“法律论证学”,习惯上称为“法律论证理论”,其实是一个舶来词。作为法学理论的一个正式分支,虽然它于本世纪初才从欧美学界引入我国,但其理论探寻源头可追溯至我国二十世纪八十年代兴起的法律逻辑学研究。我国法律论证学研究以上个世纪八十年代探讨逻辑学在法律中的应用为开端,经历了上个世纪九十年代的法律推理转向和本世纪初的法律论证转向,统称为“语用转向”。通过语用转向,解决了传统法律逻辑学研究中的理论困境问题,走出了一条法律论证研究的中国路径,让我国法律论证学研究基本与国际接轨。

A polypropylene melt-blown strategy for the facile and efficient membrane separation of oil-water mixtures

Porous materials with selective wettability and permeability have significant importance in oil-water separation,but complex fabrication processes are typically required to obtain the desired structures with suitable surface chemistry.In this work,an industrial melt-blown strategy that utilized commercially available polypropylene(PP)was used for the large-scale fabrication of superhydrophobic/superoleophilic membranes with staggered fabric structures.These membranes could readily separate different oils including pump oil and crude oil from various aqueous solutions such as strongly acidic,alkaline,and saline media.In addition,the separation efficiencies of these membranes exceeded 99%,and they could remain functional even after exposure to corrosive media.We anticipate that this work will further the design of membranes and enhance their applicability in oil-water separation,and provide researchers and engineers with a more effective tool for performing challenging separations and mitigating pollution.

中晚孕期正常胎儿肠管宽度参考值范围的研究与建立

目的构建正常胎儿中晚孕期肠管宽度产前超声正常值范围,为诊断胎儿肠管异常扩张以及临床评估胎儿肠管发育状况提供参考依据。方法选取2020年9月至2021年3月在北京协和医院进行常规中晚孕期产前超声检查的孕妇,测量胎儿肠管宽度,随访妊娠结局及胎儿出生情况。应用LMS统计方法拟合胎儿肠管宽度随孕周变化的P3、P5、P10、P25、P50、P75、P90、P95及P97的百分位曲线。结果研究共纳入正常中晚孕期单胎妊娠孕妇224例,胎儿肠管宽度各百分位曲线随孕周增加呈逐渐上升趋势,从25~40周,胎儿肠管最大宽度第95百分位值从8.00 mm增加到21.76 mm,胎儿肠管最大宽度第97百分位值从8.22 mm增加到22.97 mm。结论研究得出中晚孕期正常胎儿肠管宽度的参考值范围和生长曲线,其中P95、P97值为诊断胎儿肠管异常扩张提供依据,对临床评估胎儿肠管发育状况具有重要意义。