Pyramiding of multiple genes generates rapeseed introgression lines with clubroot and herbicide resistance, high oleic acid content, and early maturity

Clubroot and herbicide resistance,high oleic acid(OA)content,and early maturity are targets of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)breeding.The objective of this study was to develop new male-fertility restorer lines by pyramiding favorable genes to improve these traits simultaneously.Seven elite alleles for the four traits were introduced into the restorer line 621R by speed breeding with marker-assisted and phenotypic selection.Six introgression lines(ILs)were developed with four-to seven-gene combinations and crossed with two elite parents to develop hybrids.All ILs and their corresponding hybrids displayed high resistance to both clubroot pathotype 4 and sulfonylurea herbicides.Three ILs and their hybrids showed large increases in OA contents and four showed earlier maturity.These new ILs may be useful in rapeseed hybrid breeding for the target traits.

Dissecting the Contributing Role of Divergent Adipose Tissue to Multidimensional Frailty in Cirrhosis

Background and Aims:Emerging evidence has demonstrated that abnormal body composition may potentiate the development of frailty,whereas little work focuses on the role of divergent adipose tissue.Therefore,we aimed to determine the potential contribution of adipose tissue distribution to multidimensional frailty in decompensated cirrhosis.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study.Divergent adipose tissues were assessed by computed tomography-derived subcutaneous adipose tissue index(SATI),visceral adipose tissue index(VATI)and total adipose tissue index(TATI),respectively.Frailty was identified by our validated self-reported Frailty Index.Multiple binary logistic models incorporating different covariates were established to assess the relationship between adipose tissue distribution and frailty.Results:The study cohort comprised 245 cirrhotic patients with 45.3%being male.The median Frailty Index,body mass index(BMI)and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score were 0.11,24.3 kg/m2 and 8.9 points,respectively.In both men and women,patients who were frail exhibited lower levels of SATI in comparison with nonfrail patients.SATI inversely correlated with Frailty Index in the entire cohort(rs=−0.1361,p=0.0332).Furthermore,SATI or TATI was independently associated with frail phenotype in several multiple logistic regression models adjusting for age,BMI,presence of ascites,sodium,Child-Pugh class or MELD score in isolation.Conclusions:In the context of decompensated cirrhosis,low SATI and concomitant TATI were associated with higher risk of being frail.These findings highlight the importance to further apply tissue-specific tools of body composition in place of crude metric like BMI.

苯甲酸苯酯类化合物的合成与生物活性调查

本研究采用一步法合成8个苯甲酸苯酯类化合物,总产率在31%和85%之间,并对其抗氧化、抗酪氨酸酶和抗胰脂肪酶活性进行了评估。化合物4c显示出比水溶性维生素E更强的抗氧化活性,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)约为13.06μM,通过计算化学对其抗氧化机制进行进一步研究。化合物1c–5c显示出低的抗酪氨酸酶活性。化合物4c、5d、6c和6d显示出弱的抗胰脂肪酶活性,抑制率分别为33.52%、15.76%、18.37%和20.77%。研究显示所有的化合物都具有参考意义,特别是化合物4c。

Sarcopenic obesity in liver disease: Handling both sides of the penny

Skeletal muscle and fat tissue show distinct pathophysiological roles and pivotal functions.The culmination of muscle wasting and fat accumulation represents an opposite terminal of each state.Specifically,this situation has been designated as sarcopenic obesity.However,sarcopenic obesity still lacks a unanimous definition,diagnostic criteria,and generalized modalities for assessment in the context of versatile liver diseases.Moreover,the underpinning mechanisms by which a combination of abnormal skeletal muscle and fat tissue leads to the progression of liver disease and impairs health‐related consequences are still elusive.Additionally,the interplay between skeletal muscle and fat,and the driving factors that shift different body compositions are not well understood.Therefore,in this review,we discuss skeletal muscle and fat components,with the purpose of conceptualization,as well as interpret their roles in liver diseases.We focus on the definitions,diagnostic criteria,and currently available measurements for sarcopenic obesity in the literature.We comprehensively discuss recent data and evidence regarding the potential role of sarcopenic obesity in the development and progression of numerous liver diseases and associated conditions,including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,chronic viral hepatitis,cirrhosis,and liver transplantation.Furthermore,explicit information related to the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity from basic research is also provided in this narrative review.Finally,we discuss,from the clinical perspective of view,how to manage sarcopenic obesity using nutritional,physical,and pharmacological methods.

异戊烯基和香叶基取代的呫吨酮的合成与生物活性研究

通过两步反应,合成了9个异戊烯基和香叶基取代的呫吨酮类化合物,总产率在11%到36%之间。所有的化合物均为首次报道。然后对化合物1–9的全部或者部分抗肿瘤、抑制酪氨酸酶、抑制胰脂肪酶、抗真菌和抗菌活性进行评估。化合物9显示出明显的抗肿瘤活性,其对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231的细胞毒性均大于顺铂。化合物1–4和6–7也显示出一定的上述除了抗肿瘤以外的活性。这些结果显示化合物1–4、6–7和9是很有希望的先导化合物,可用于进一步结构修饰。