马来酰亚胺-丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备及在热纳米压印抗蚀剂的应用

马来酰亚胺与丙烯酸酯通过自由基溶液聚合制备了马来酰亚胺-丙烯酸酯共聚物(P(AA-MI-AHA))。根据凝胶渗透色谱,共聚物的多分散系数低于2,表现出窄的分子量分布特点;根据热失重分析和差示扫描量热分析,聚合物热分解温度高于140℃,玻璃化温度约为128℃,展现出较好的热稳定性。将共聚物用作热纳米压印抗蚀剂材料,研究了共聚物的微纳米图案复制能力。扫描电子显微镜观察到排列规整的条纹图案,分辨率约为100 nm。综上表明,所得马来酰亚胺-丙烯酸酯共聚物用作热纳米压印抗蚀剂材料展现出较好的图像复制能力。

The Solar Upper Transition Region Imager(SUTRI)Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite

The Solar Upper Transition Region Imager(SUTRI)onboard the Space Advanced Technology demonstration satellite(SATech-01),which was launched to a Sun-synchronous orbit at a height of~500 km in 2022 July,aims to test the on-orbit performance of our newly developed Sc/Si multi-layer reflecting mirror and the 2k×2k EUV CMOS imaging camera and to take full-disk solar images at the Ne VII 46.5 nm spectral line with a filter width of~3 nm.SUTRI employs a Ritchey-Chrétien optical system with an aperture of 18 cm.The on-orbit observations show that SUTRI images have a field of view of~416×416 and a moderate spatial resolution of~8″without an image stabilization system.The normal cadence of SUTRI images is 30 s and the solar observation time is about16 hr each day because the earth eclipse time accounts for about 1/3 of SATech-01's orbit period.Approximately15 GB data is acquired each day and made available online after processing.SUTRI images are valuable as the Ne VII 46.5 nm line is formed at a temperature regime of~0.5 MK in the solar atmosphere,which has rarely been sampled by existing solar imagers.SUTRI observations will establish connections between structures in the lower solar atmosphere and corona,and advance our understanding of various types of solar activity such as flares,filament eruptions,coronal jets and coronal mass ejections.

Multiscale Nonlinear Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Analysis of Composite Structures with Quasi-Periodic Properties

This paper reports a multiscale analysis method to predict the thermomechanical coupling performance of composite structures with quasi-periodic properties.In these material structures,the configurations are periodic,and the material coefficients are quasi-periodic,i.e.,they depend not only on the microscale information but also on the macro location.Also,a mutual interaction between displacement and temperature fields is considered in the problem,which is our particular interest in this study.The multiscale asymptotic expansions of the temperature and displacement fields are constructed and associated error estimation in nearly pointwise sense is presented.Then,a finite element-difference algorithm based on the multiscale analysis method is brought forward in detail.Finally,some numerical examples are given.And the numerical results show that the multiscale method presented in this paper is effective and reliable to study the nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupling problem of composite structures with quasiperiodic properties.

The Numerical Accuracy Analysis of Asymptotic Homogenization Method and Multiscale Finite Element Method for Periodic Composite Materials

In this paper,we discuss the numerical accuracy of asymptotic homogenization method(AHM)and multiscale finite element method(MsFEM)for periodic composite materials.Through numerical calculation of the model problems for four kinds of typical periodic composite materials,the main factors to determine the accuracy of first-order AHM and second-order AHM are found,and the physical interpretation of these factors is given.Furthermore,the way to recover multiscale solutions of first-order AHM and MsFEM is theoretically analyzed,and it is found that first-order AHM and MsFEM provide similar multiscale solutions under some assumptions.Finally,numerical experiments verify that MsFEM is essentially a first-order multiscale method for periodic composite materials.

肌动蛋白细胞骨架在小鼠第二生心区祖细胞部署发育中的作用

脊椎动物心管起源于早期胚胎的生心中胚层细胞,随后从邻近的咽中胚层和内脏中胚层中逐渐添加第二生心区(second heart field, SHF)祖细胞而延长。SHF细胞向心管贡献受损,使心管不能最大限度地延长,导致一系列的心脏发育缺陷,包括最常见的右心室发育不良与流出道分隔旋转异常等先天性出生缺陷。SHF祖细胞构成非经典顶端-基底极性上皮,并具有顶部单纤毛、动态肌动蛋白(actin)富集基底端的丝状伪足等特点。本文总结了actin细胞骨架在小鼠SHF祖细胞部署发育过程中的研究进展,揭示actin细胞骨架在SHF祖细胞发育特别是SHF细胞向流出道部署过程中的重要性,以期为阐明和理解SHF祖细胞迁移、部署的细胞生物学特性提供一定的理论参考。

Statistical Multiscale Analysis of Transient Conduction and Radiation Heat Transfer Problem in Random Inhomogeneous Porous Materials

This paper is devoted to the homogenization and statistical multiscale analysis of a transient heat conduction problem in random porous materials with a nonlinear radiation boundary condition.A novel statistical multiscale analysis method based on the two-scale asymptotic expansion is proposed.In the statistical multiscale formulations,a unified linear homogenization procedure is established and the second-order correctors are introduced for modeling the nonlinear radiative heat transfer in random perforations,which are our main contributions.Besides,a numerical algorithm based on the statistical multiscale method is given in details.Numerical results prove the accuracy and efficiency of our method for multiscale simulation of transient nonlinear conduction and radiation heat transfer problem in random porous materials.

Dynamic thermo-mechanical coupled simulation of statistically inhomogeneous materials by statistical second-order two-scale method

In this paper,a statistical second-order twoscale（SSOTS） method is developed to simulate the dynamic thcrmo-mechanical performances of the statistically inhomogeneous materials.For this kind of composite material,the random distribution characteristics of particles,including the shape,size,orientation,spatial location,and volume fractions,are all considered.Firstly,the repre.sentation for the microscopic configuration of the statistically inhomogeneous materials is described.Secondly,the SSOTS formulation for the dynamic thermo-mechanical coupled problem is proposed in a constructive way,including the cell problems,effective thermal and mechanical parameters,homogenized problems,and the SSOTS formulas of the temperatures,displacements,heat flux densities and stresses.And then the algorithm procedure corresponding to the SSOTS method is brought forward.The numerical results obtained by using the SSOTS algorithm are compared with those by classical methods.In addition,the thermo-mechanical coupling effect is studied by comparing the results of coupled case with those of uncoupled case.It demonstrates that the coupling effect on the temperatures,heat flux densities,displacements,and stresses is very distinct.The results show that the SSOTS method is valid to predict the dynamic thermo-mechanical coupled performances of statistically inhomogeneous materials.

Interannual variability in the sea surface cooling induced by tropical cyclones in the South China Sea

Sea surface cooling induced by tropical cyclones(TCs)is an important component of air-sea interactions.Using coordinate transformation and composite analysis methods,we examined the interannual variability in TCinduced sea surface cooling(TCSSC)in the South China Sea(SCS).The frequency of surface cooling cases was over 86%and that of surface warming cases was less than 14%.The magnitude of TCSSC was defined as the absolute value of TCSSC.The maximum magnitude of TCSSC occurred on the right side of the TC track,and the mean magnitude of TCSSC decreased by 0.04℃/a from 2006 to 2018.The interannual variability in TCSSC was highly correlated with the TC translation speed and pre-TC mixed layer depth.Notably,TCSSC got enhanced in El Nino years of 2007,2010,and 2015.The El Nino types were suggested to determine the occurring periods of strong TCSSC via controlling the positions of SCS anticyclones,which brought pre-TC shallow mixed layer and caused strong TCSSC via vertical mixing process during El Nino events.To quantify how the anticyclone influences TCSSC,we need to use mixed layer heat balances model in the next study.

Stochastic Second-Order Two-Scale Method for Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials with Random Interpenetrating Phase

In this paper,a stochastic second-order two-scale(SSOTS)method is proposed for predicting the non-deterministic mechanical properties of composites with random interpenetrating phase.Firstly,based on random morphology description functions(RMDF),the randomness of the material properties of the constituents as well as the correlation among these random properties are fully characterized through the topologies of the constituents.Then,by virtue of multiscale asymptotic analysis,the random effective quantities such as stiffness parameters and strength parameters along with their numerical computation formulae are derived by a SSOTS strategy combined with the Monte-Carlo method.Finally,the SSOTS method developed in this paper shows an excellent computational accuracy,and therefore present an important advance towards computationally efficient multiscale modeling frameworks considering microstructure uncertainties.

Investigation and Analysis on Diversity of Lucanidae spp. in Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve

Lucanidae spp. in Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve were collected and investigated. A total of 65 specimens were examined. They belong to 26 species( including subspecies) in 13 genera. The richness reached 41. 53%,with obvious diversity characteristic.According to the survey results,the vertical distribution of Lucanidae spp. in Fanjing Mountain was divided into foothill belt,low mountain belt,low-middle mountain belt,middle mountain belt and sub-alpine belt.

Multiscale analysis-based peridynamic simulation of fracture in porous media

The simulation of fracture in large-scale structures made of porous media remains a challenging task.Current techniques either assume a homogeneous model,disregarding the microstructure characteristics,or adopt a micro-mechanical model,which incurs an intractable computational cost due to its complex stochastic geometry and physical properties,as well as its nonlinear and multiscale features.In this study,we propose a multiscale analysis-based dual-variable-horizon peridynamics(PD)model to efficiently simulate macroscopic structural fracture.The influence of microstructures in porous media on macroscopic structural failure is represented by two PD parameters:the equivalent critical stretch and micro-modulus.The equivalent critical stretch is calculated using the microscale PD model,while the equivalent micro-modulus is obtained through the homogenization method and energy density equivalence between classical continuum mechanics and PD models.Numerical examples of porous media with various microstructures demonstrate the validity,accuracy,and efficiency of the proposed method.

Heat management technology for solid-state high voltage and high repetitive pulse generators:Towards better effects and reliability

Solid-state high voltage high repetitive pulse generators have a broad prospect in various applications.The high power and high-frequency operation of the pulse generator suffer from the massive heat dissipation problem,which limits the improvement of the output parameters and even affects the lifetime.This article focuses on heat management technology for high voltage high repetitive pulse generators.Firstly,the typical circuit topology of the high repetitive pulse generators was summarised.From the perspective of different application requirements,the demands of the heat management design were concluded.Moreover,the heat generation characteristics and difficulties of solid-state high voltage high repetitive pulse generators were analysed.Then,the different stateof-art cooling techniques were reviewed,and their applicability and limitations for the high voltage high repetitive generators were discussed.Finally,a flow chart for heat management design was given.

钒液流电池中的改性Nafion膜

由于钒液流电池(VRB)灵活、高效以及无污染等优点,是目前最有潜力的大规模储能系统,受到了研究人员的广泛关注。其中隔膜是VRB的关键组成部分,起着隔绝钒离子避免交叉渗透,提供质子跨膜转移通道的作用。由杜邦公司生产的Nafion系列膜由于化学稳定性好、质子电导率高等优点是目前VRB最为常用的离子交换膜,但其存在阻钒能力差、成本高等问题。因此对Nafion膜的离子交换能力进行合理调控,通过改性的方法,在保留Nafion膜基础优异性能的同时提高Nafion膜阻钒能力,降低Nafion膜成本是目前研究的重点。本文讨论了VRB的工作原理以及Nafion膜的性能特征,同时还详细讨论了Nafion膜改性方法的当前趋势和未来方向。这对理解改性Nafion膜结构与电池性能之间构效关系,以及指导Nafion膜今后的改性与设计具有十分重要的意义。

Multi-Modes Multiscale Approach of Heat Transfer Problems in Heterogeneous Solids with Uncertain Thermal Conductivity

Stochastic temperature distribution should be carefully inspected in the thermal-failure design of heterogeneous solids with unexpected random energy excitations.Stochastic multiscale modeling for these problems involve multiscale and highdimensional uncertain thermal parameters,which remains limitation of prohibitive computation.In this paper,we propose a multi-modes based constrained energy minimization generalized multiscale finite element method(MCEM-GMsFEM),which can transform the original stochastic multiscale model into a series of recursive multiscale models sharing the same deterministic material parameters by multiscale analysis.Thus,MCEM-GMsFEM reveals an inherent low-dimensional representation in random space,and is designed to effectively reduce the complexity of repeated computation of discretized multiscale systems.In addition,the convergence analysis is established,and the optimal error estimates are derived.Finally,several typical random fluctuations on multiscale thermal conductivity are considered to validate the theoretical results in the numerical examples.The numerical results indicate that the multi-modes multiscale approach is a robust integrated method with the excellent performance.

工业缺陷检测深度学习方法综述

基于深度学习的工业缺陷检测方法可以降低传统人工质检的成本,提升检测的准确性与效率,因而在智能制造中扮演重要角色,并逐渐成为计算机视觉领域新兴的研究热点之一.其被广泛地应用于无人质检、智能巡检、质量控制等各种生产与运维场景中.本综述旨在对工业缺陷检测的任务定义、难点、挑战、主流方法、公共数据集及评价指标等进行全面归纳,以帮助研究人员快速了解该领域.具体而言,本文首先介绍工业缺陷检测的背景与特点.接着,按照实际数据标注情况,划分出缺陷模式已知、缺陷模式未知与少量缺陷标注3种研究任务设置,并根据方法类型作进一步归纳与分析,探讨了各方法的性能优劣与适用场景,阐明了方法与实际应用需求的关联性.此外,本文还归纳了方法部署中的关键辅助技术,总结了现有方法在实际产业落地中存在的局限性.最后,本文对该领域未来的发展趋势和潜在研究方向进行了展望.

An Improved Peridynamic Model with Energy-Based Micromodulus Correction Method for Fracture in Particle Reinforced Composites

We introduce an improved bond-based peridynamic(BPD)model for simulating brittle fracture in particle reinforced composites based on a micromodulus correction approach.In the peridynamic(PD)constitutive model of particle reinforced composites,three kinds of interactive bond forces are considered,and precise definition of mechanical properties for PD bonds is essential for the fracture analysis in particle reinforced composites.A new micromodulus model of PD bonds for particle reinforced composites is proposed based on the equivalence between the elastic strain energy density of classical continuum mechanics and peridynamic model and the harmonic average approach.The damage of particle reinforced composites is defined locally at the level of pairwise bond,and the critical stretch criterion is described as a function of fracture energy based on the composite failure theory.The algorithm procedure for the improved BPD model based on the finite element/discontinuous Galerkin finite element method is brought forward in detail.Several numerical examples are performed to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm in analysis of elastic deformation,crack nucleation and propagation in particle reinforced composites.Additionally,the impact of distribution,shape and size of particles on the fractures of composite materials are also investigated.Numerical results demonstrate that the improved BPD model can effectively be used to analyze the fracture in particle reinforced composites.

Validation of the Investigator 24plex QS Kit:a 6-dye multiplex PCR assay for forensic application in the Chinese Han population

The Investigator 24plex QS Kit(QIAGEN,Hilden,Germany)is a 6-dye fluorescent chemistry short tandem repeat(STR)polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification system that simultaneously amplifies 20 of the expanded Combined DNA Index System(CODIS)core STR loci,SE33,DYS391,and the standard sex-determining locus,amelogenin,as well as two special internal performance quality sensor controls(QS1 and QS2),which are included in the primer mix to check the PCR performance.This study was designed to be a pilot evaluation of this STR-PCR kit in a Chinese Han population regarding the PCR conditions,sensitivity,precision,accuracy,repeatability,reproducibility,and concordance;tolerance to PCR inhibitors;applicability to real“forensic-type”samples;species specificity;mixture,balance and stutter analyses,and utility in a population investigation.The exhaustive validation studies demonstrated that the Investigator 24plex QS system is accurate,sensitive and robust for STR genotyping.In addition,these genetic markers in the population data in our study indicated that they can also be useful for forensic identification and paternity testing in the Chinese Han population.

Genetic characterization of four dog breeds with Illumina CanineHD BeadChip

Dear Editor,Due to human’s cohabitation with domesticated animals,molecular analysis of animal DNA is increasingly being admitted as evidence in forensic investigations.In 2011,recommendations from the International Society of Forensic Genetics(ISFG)for non-human DNA analysis in forensic casework were published based on the successful model for human DNA[1].Among domesticated animals,canine DNA is perhaps the most often encountered and investigated in the forensic community[2–5].The US,Brazil and China are the top three countries in regards to ownership of canines.Canine DNA in the form of hair,saliva,blood,urine and feces is abundant in the domestic environment and consequently is often present on evidence collected during forensic investigations.A strong need for identity identification,parentage verification and breed recognition has become apparent within the forensic community.