Optimization Scheme of Trusted Task Offloading in IIoT Scenario Based on DQN

With the development of the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),end devices(EDs)are equipped with more functions to capture information.Therefore,a large amount of data is generated at the edge of the network and needs to be processed.However,no matter whether these computing tasks are offloaded to traditional central clusters or mobile edge computing(MEC)devices,the data is short of security and may be changed during transmission.In view of this challenge,this paper proposes a trusted task offloading optimization scheme that can offer low latency and high bandwidth services for IIoT with data security.Blockchain technology is adopted to ensure data consistency.Meanwhile,to reduce the impact of low throughput of blockchain on task offloading performance,we design the processes of consensus and offloading as a Markov decision process(MDP)by defining states,actions,and rewards.Deep reinforcement learning(DRL)algorithm is introduced to dynamically select offloading actions.To accelerate the optimization,we design a novel reward function for the DRL algorithm according to the scale and computational complexity of the task.Experiments demonstrate that compared with methods without optimization,our mechanism performs better when it comes to the number of task offloading and throughput of blockchain.

Blockchain-Based Flexible Double-Chain Architecture and Performance Optimization for Better Sustainability in Agriculture

Blockchain is an emerging decentralized distributed technology that can cross the boundaries and guarantee safe and trustworthy value transfers between participants.Combining the blockchain technology with the Internet of Things(IoT)technology to enhance the transparency and sustainability of agricultural supply chains,has attracted researchers from both academia and industry.This paper reviews the latest applications of the blockchain and IoT technologies in the sustainable agricultural supply chain management and explores the design and implementation of a blockchain-based sustainable solution.By placing the sustainable agricultural supply chain management at its core,a blockchain-based framework is designed.Considering the heterogeneity of the transaction data and the IoT data,the openness of sustainability information and the sensitivity of participants’data,a double-chain structure is proposed including the consensus method,the transaction mechanisms,the sustainability assessment method and the performance optimization strategy.The sustainable management practices of all participants are introduced into the blockchain network,especially those allowing the government to play a more signicant role in agriculture supply management.Meanwhile,to meet the scenario requirements,a data reduction method is designed to improve performance and reduce block size.Simulations are performed to evaluate the latency,throughput,costs and efciency of the proposed structure.This paper can be a useful reference for further research on the application of blockchain and IoT technologies in sustainable agricultural management.