Genome-Wide Identification of the F-box Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Drought and Salt Stress in Barley

The F-box protein-encoding gene family plays an essential role in plant stress resistance.In present study,126 non-redundant F-box genes were identified in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.,Hv).The corresponding proteins contained 165–887 amino acid residues and all were amphiphilic,except 5 proteins.Phylogenetic analysis of F-box protein sequences in barley and stress-related F-box protein sequences in wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana(At)was used to classify barley F-box genes are divided into 9 subfamilies(A–I).A structure-based sequence alignment demonstrated that F-box proteins were highly conserved with a total of 10 conserved motifs.In total,124 F-box genes were unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes;another 2 genes have not been anchored yet.The gene structure analysis revealed high variability in the number of exons and introns in F-box genes.Comprehensive analysis of expression profiles and phylogenetic tree analysis,a total of 12 F-box genes that may be related to stress tolerance in barley were screened.Of the 12 detected F-box genes,8 and 10 were upregulated after drought and salt stress treatments,respectively,using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).This study is the first systematic analysis conducted on the F-box gene family in barley,which is of great importance for clarifying this family’s bioinformatic characteristics and elucidating its function in barley stress resistance.These results will serve as a theoretical reference for subsequent research on molecular regulation mechanisms,genetic breeding,and improvement.

A self-powered ultraviolet photodetector with van der Waals Schottky junction based on TiO_(2) nanorod arrays/Au-modulated V2CTx MXene

A self-powered ultraviolet photodetector(UV PD)with van der Waals(vdW)Schottky junction based on TiO_(2) nanorod arrays/Au-modulated V2 CTx MXene is reported.The Schottky junction enables the device to operate in self-powered mode.The dangling bond-free surface of V2 CTx MXene reduces the charge recombination at the junction interface.Meanwhile,V2 CTx MXene,with the work function(WF)increasing to 5.35 eV,forms a hole transport layer by contacting with Au electrode,which facilitates the carrier extraction.The electron lifetime in the device has prolonged to 8.95μs.As a result,the responsivity and detectivity of the PD have achieved 28 mA/W and 1.2×10^(11) cm Hz1/2/W(340 nm,65 mW/cm2,0 V),respectively.In addition,the presence of the Au electrode prevents the vanadium from coming into contact with oxygen and oxidizing,preserving the properties of the V2 CTx films.After 180 days of exposure to the atmosphere,the device performance remained at a particularly high level,indicating enhanced durability.This work points out an effective approach to modulate the properties of V2 CTx to obtain the high performance and stability of the UV PD.

Oriented assembly of monomicelles in beam stream enabling bimodal mesoporous metal oxide nanofibers

The assembly of monomicelles along onedimension(1D)to construct tubular or fibrous mesostructures is greatly desired but still challenging.Herein,we have demonstrated a facile strategy to synthesize 1D bimodal mesoporous metal oxides(e.g.,WO_(3),WO_(3)/Pd,WO_(3)/Pd Cu,TiO_(2),and ZrO_(2))nanofibers(NFs)through assembling the organic-inorganic composite monomicelles in a beam stream generated via an electrospinning technique.This facile and repeatable methodology relies on the preparation of copolymer@metal-complex monomicelles in an anisotropic solution and oriented assembly of them in the beam stream by the selective evaporation of solvent.WO_(3)and its derivatives are chosen as the demo,which show a uniform continuous fibrous structure with dual mesopore sizes(~4.0 and 7.6 nm)and large surface area(~93.1 m^(2)g^(-1)).Benefitting from the unique textual structure,gas sensors made by Pd-decorated mesoporous WO_(3)NFs display outstanding comprehensive sensing performance to ethylbenzene,including a high sensitivity(52.5),an ultralow detection limit(50 ppb),and fast response/recovery kinetics(11/16 s)as well as an outstanding selectivity,which render them promising for rapid environmental monitoring.

Chaperone-mediated Autophagy Regulates Cell Growth by Targeting SMAD3 in Glioma

Previous studies suggest that the reduction of SMAD3(mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3)has a great impact on tumor development,but its exact pathological function remains unclear.In this study,we found that the protein level of SMAD3 was greatly reduced in human-grade IV glioblastoma tissues,in which LAMP2A(lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A)was significantly up-regulated.LAMP2A is a key ratelimiting protein of chaperone-mediated autophagy(CMA),a lysosome pathway of protein degradation that is activated in glioma.We carefully analyzed the amino-acid sequence of SMAD3 and found that it contained a pentapeptide motif biochemically related to KFERQ,which has been proposed to be a targeting sequence for CMA.In vitro,we confirmed that SMAD3 was degraded in either serum-free or KFERQ motif deleted condition,which was regulated by LAMP2A and interacted with HSC70(heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein).Using isolated lysosomes,amino-acid residues 75 and 128 of SMAD3 were found to be of importance for this process,which affected the CMA pathway in which SMAD3 was involved.Similarly,down-regulating SMAD3 or up-regulating LAMP2A in cultured glioma cells enhanced their proliferation and invasion.Taken together,these results suggest that excessive activation of CMA regulates glioma cell growth by promoting the degradation of SMAD3.Therefore,targeting the SMAD3-LAMP2Amediated CMA-lysosome pathway may be a promising approach in anti-cancer therapy.