Identification of Rice Leaf Disease Using Improved ShuffleNet V2

Accurate identification of rice diseases is crucial for controlling diseases and improving rice yield.To improve the classification accuracy of rice diseases,this paper proposed a classification and identification method based on an improved ShuffleNet V2(GE-ShuffleNet)model.Firstly,the Ghost module is used to replace the 1×1 convolution in the two basic unit modules of ShuffleNet V2,and the unimportant 1×1 convolution is deleted from the two basic unit modules of ShuffleNet V2.The Hardswish activation function is applied to replace the ReLU activation function to improve the identification accuracy of the model.Secondly,an effective channel attention(ECA)module is added to the network to avoid dimension reduction,and the correlation between channels is effectively extracted through 1D convolution.Besides,L2 regularization is introduced to fine-tune the training parameters during training to prevent overfitting.Finally,the considerable experimental and numerical results proved the advantages of our proposed model in terms of model size,floating-point operation per second(FLOPs),and parameters(Params).Especially in the case of smaller model size(5.879 M),the identification accuracy of GE-ShuffleNet(96.6%)is higher than that of ShuffleNet V2(94.4%),MobileNet V2(93.7%),AlexNet(79.1%),Swim Transformer(88.1%),EfficientNet V2(89.7%),VGG16(81.9%),GhostNet(89.3%)and ResNet50(92.5%).

Arsenic trioxide elicits prophylactic and therapeutic immune responses against solid tumors by inducing necroptosis and ferroptosis

Boosting tumor immunosurveillance with vaccines has been proven to be a feasible and cost-effective strategy to fight cancer. Although major breakthroughs have been achieved in preventative tumor vaccines targeting oncogenic viruses, limited advances have been made in curative vaccines for virus-irrelevant malignancies. Accumulating evidence suggests that preconditioning tumor cells with certain cytotoxic drugs can generate whole-cell tumor vaccines with strong prophylactic activities. However, the immunogenicity of these vaccines is not sufficient to restrain the outgrowth of existing tumors. In this study, we identified arsenic trioxide (ATO) as a wide-spectrum cytotoxic and highly immunogenic drug through multiparameter screening. ATO preconditioning could generate whole-cell tumor vaccines with potent antineoplastic effects in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. The tumor-preventive or tumor-suppressive benefits of these vaccines relied on CD8^(+) T cells and type I and II interferon signaling and could be linked to the release of immunostimulatory danger molecules. Unexpectedly, following ATO-induced oxidative stress, multiple cell death pathways were activated, including autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. CRISPR‒Cas9-mediated knockout of cell death executors revealed that the absence of Rip3, Mlkl, or Acsl4 largely abolished the efficacy of ATO-based prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines. This therapeutic failure could be rescued by coadministration of danger molecule analogs. In addition, PD-1 blockade synergistically improved the therapeutic efficacy of ATO-based cancer vaccines by augmenting local IFN-γ production.