Research Progress on Bionic Water Strider Robots

Biological water striders have advantages such as flexible movement,low disturbance to the water surface,and low noise.Researchers have developed a large number of biomimetic water strider robots based on their movement mechanism,which have broad application prospects in water quality testing,water surface reconnaissance,and search.This article mainly reviews the research progress of biomimetic water strider robots.First,the biological and kinematic characteristics of water striders are outlined,and some mechanical parameters of biological water striders are summarized.The basic equations of water strider movement are then described.Next,an overview is given of the past and current work on skating and jumping movements of biomimetic water strider robots based on surface tension and water pressure dominance.Based on the current research status of biomimetic water strider robots,the shortcomings of current research on biomimetic water striders are summarized,and the future development of biomimetic water strider robots is discussed.This article provides new insights for the design of biomimetic water strider robots.

Solid-state corrosion of lithium for prelithiation of SiO_(x)-C composite anode with carbon-incorporated lithium phosphorus oxynitride

In order to address the issues of low initial Coulombic efficiency of SiO_(x)-C composite anode due to the formation of solid electrolyte interphase,irreversible conversion reaction,and large volume change,the prelithiation method using metal lithium has been employed as one of effective solutions.However,violent side reactions with liquid electrolyte for prelithiation lead to low prelithiation efficiency and induce poor interface between the SiO_(x)-C electrode and liquid electrolyte.Here,a new prelithiation method with so called solid-state corrosion of lithium is developed.By replacing liquid electrolyte with solid-state electrolyte of carbon-incorporated lithium phosphorus oxynitride(LiCPON),not only various side reactions associated with metal lithium are avoided,but also the perfect interface is achieved from the decomposition products of LiCPON.The successful implementation of solid-state corrosion prelithiation can be confirmed by changes in optical image,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction.Compared with pristine electrode,the initial Coulombic efficiency of the prelithiated electrode using solid electrolyte can be increased by about 10%,reaching 98.6%in half cell and 88.9%in full cell.Compared with prelithiated electrode using liquid electrolyte,the prelithiation efficiency of the prelithiated anode with solid-state corrosion can be increased from 25.7%to 82.8%.Solid-state corrosion of lithium is expected to become a useful method for prelithiation of SiO_(x)-C composite electrode with high initial Coulombic efficiency and large prelithiation efficiency.

All-solid-state thin-film batteries based on lithium phosphorus oxynitrides

Lithium phosphorus oxygen nitrogen(LiPON)as solid electrolyte discovered by Bates et al in the 1990s is an important part of all-solid-state thin-film battery(ASSTFB)due to its wide electrochemical stability window and negligible low electronic conductivity.However,the ionic conductivity of LiPON about 2×10^(−6) S cm^(−1) at room temperature is much lower than that of other types of solid electrolytes,which seriously limits the application of ASSTFBs.This review summarizes the research and progress in ASSTFBs based on LiPON,in the solid-state electrolyte of LiPON-derivatives with adjustable chemical compositions of the amorphous structure for the improvement of the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability,in the critical interface issues between LiPON and electrodes,and in preparation methods for LiPON.This review is helpful for people to understand the interface characteristics and various preparation methods of LiPON in ASSTFBs.The key issues to be addressed concern how to develop solid-state electrolyte films with high conductivity and high-quality interface engineering as well as large-scale preparation technology,so as to realize the practical application of highly integrated ASSTFBs.