Phytopathogens develop specialized infection-related structures to penetrate plant cells during infection.Different from phytopathogens that form appressoria or haustoria,the soil-borne root-infecting fungal pathogen ...Phytopathogens develop specialized infection-related structures to penetrate plant cells during infection.Different from phytopathogens that form appressoria or haustoria,the soil-borne root-infecting fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae forms hyphopodia during infection,which further differentiate into penetration pegs to promote infection.The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of hyphopodium formation in V.dahliae remain poorly characterized.Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)are highly conserved cytoplasmic kinases that regulate diverse biological processes in eukaryotes.Here we found that deletion of VdKss1,out of the five MAPKs encoded by V.dahliae,significantly impaired V.dahliae hyphopodium formation,in vitro penetration,and pathogenicity in cotton plants.Constitutive activation of MAPK kinase(MAPKK)VdSte7 and MAPK kinase kinase(MAPKKK)VdSte11 specifically activate VdKss1.Deletion of VdSte7 or VdSte11 resulted in a phenotype similar to that of the mutant with VdKss1 deletion.Thus,this study demonstrates that VdSte11-VdSte7-VdKss1 is a core MAPK cascade that regulates hyphopodium formation and pathogenicity in V.dahliae.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1400800)the Chinese Natural Science Foundation(32172504)+3 种基金the CAS Projects for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-080)the Chinese Natural Science Foundation(32200241)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB16)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Phytopathogens develop specialized infection-related structures to penetrate plant cells during infection.Different from phytopathogens that form appressoria or haustoria,the soil-borne root-infecting fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae forms hyphopodia during infection,which further differentiate into penetration pegs to promote infection.The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of hyphopodium formation in V.dahliae remain poorly characterized.Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)are highly conserved cytoplasmic kinases that regulate diverse biological processes in eukaryotes.Here we found that deletion of VdKss1,out of the five MAPKs encoded by V.dahliae,significantly impaired V.dahliae hyphopodium formation,in vitro penetration,and pathogenicity in cotton plants.Constitutive activation of MAPK kinase(MAPKK)VdSte7 and MAPK kinase kinase(MAPKKK)VdSte11 specifically activate VdKss1.Deletion of VdSte7 or VdSte11 resulted in a phenotype similar to that of the mutant with VdKss1 deletion.Thus,this study demonstrates that VdSte11-VdSte7-VdKss1 is a core MAPK cascade that regulates hyphopodium formation and pathogenicity in V.dahliae.
