The development of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the disruption of central nervous system homeostasis.Microglia,as innate immune cells,play important roles in the maintenance of central nervous syst...The development of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the disruption of central nervous system homeostasis.Microglia,as innate immune cells,play important roles in the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis,injury response,and neurodegenerative diseases.Lactate has been considered a metabolic waste product,but recent studies are revealing ever more of the physiological functions of lactate.Lactylation is an important pathway in lactate function and is involved in glycolysis-related functions,macrophage polarization,neuromodulation,and angiogenesis and has also been implicated in the development of various diseases.This review provides an overview of the lactate metabolic and homeostatic regulatory processes involved in microglia lactylation,histone versus non-histone lactylation,and therapeutic approaches targeting lactate.Finally,we summarize the current research on microglia lactylation in central nervous system diseases.A deeper understanding of the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of microglia lactylation will provide more options for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.展开更多
The field of plasmonics explores the interaction between light and metallic micro/nanostructures and films.The collective oscillation of free electrons on metallic surfaces enables subwavelength optical confinement an...The field of plasmonics explores the interaction between light and metallic micro/nanostructures and films.The collective oscillation of free electrons on metallic surfaces enables subwavelength optical confinement and enhanced light-matter interactions.In optoelectronics,perovskite materials are particularly attractive due to their excellent absorption,emission,and carrier transport properties,which lead to the improved performance of solar cells,lightemitting diodes(LEDs),lasers,photodetectors,and sensors.When perovskite materials are coupled with plasmonic structures,the device performance significantly improves owing to strong near-field and far-field optical enhancements,as well as the plasmoelectric effect.Here,we review recent theoretical and experimental works on plasmonic perovskite solar cells,light emitters,and sensors.The underlying physical mechanisms,design routes,device performances,and optimization strategies are summarized.This review also lays out challenges and future directions for the plasmonic perovskite research field toward next-generation optoelectronic technologies.展开更多
文摘The development of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the disruption of central nervous system homeostasis.Microglia,as innate immune cells,play important roles in the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis,injury response,and neurodegenerative diseases.Lactate has been considered a metabolic waste product,but recent studies are revealing ever more of the physiological functions of lactate.Lactylation is an important pathway in lactate function and is involved in glycolysis-related functions,macrophage polarization,neuromodulation,and angiogenesis and has also been implicated in the development of various diseases.This review provides an overview of the lactate metabolic and homeostatic regulatory processes involved in microglia lactylation,histone versus non-histone lactylation,and therapeutic approaches targeting lactate.Finally,we summarize the current research on microglia lactylation in central nervous system diseases.A deeper understanding of the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of microglia lactylation will provide more options for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
基金B.A.,Z.F.,and Z.J.W.acknowledge funding support from the President’s Excellence Fund(X-Grant)and the TAMU start-up grant.B.A.was partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0614)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021CDJQY-010)the Open Foundation of Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology,and the Open Foundation of Chongqing。
文摘The field of plasmonics explores the interaction between light and metallic micro/nanostructures and films.The collective oscillation of free electrons on metallic surfaces enables subwavelength optical confinement and enhanced light-matter interactions.In optoelectronics,perovskite materials are particularly attractive due to their excellent absorption,emission,and carrier transport properties,which lead to the improved performance of solar cells,lightemitting diodes(LEDs),lasers,photodetectors,and sensors.When perovskite materials are coupled with plasmonic structures,the device performance significantly improves owing to strong near-field and far-field optical enhancements,as well as the plasmoelectric effect.Here,we review recent theoretical and experimental works on plasmonic perovskite solar cells,light emitters,and sensors.The underlying physical mechanisms,design routes,device performances,and optimization strategies are summarized.This review also lays out challenges and future directions for the plasmonic perovskite research field toward next-generation optoelectronic technologies.
