Generation of mode‑locked states of conventional solitons and bright‑dark solitons in graphene mode‑locked fber laser

This paper proposes a mode-locked fber laser based on graphene-coated microfber.The total length of the fber laser resonant cavity is 31.34 m.Under the condition of stable output of bright-dark soliton pairs from the fber laser,dual-wavelength tuning is realized by adjusting the polarization controller(PC),and the wavelength tuning range is 11 nm.Furthermore,the efects of polarization states on bright-dark solitons are studied.It is demonstrated that the mode-locking state can be switched between conventional solitons and bright-dark solitons in the graphene mode-locked fber laser.Bright-dark soliton pairs with diferent shapes and nanosecond pulse width can be obtained by adjusting the PC and pump power.

TiNiHf/SiO_(2)/Si shape memory film composites for bidirectional micro actuation

The martensitic phase transformation in Ti_(40.4)Ni_(48)Hf_(11.6) shape memory alloys is leveraged for bi-directional actuation with TiNiHf/SiO_(2)/Si com-posites.The shape memory properties of magnetron sputtered Ti_(40.4)Ni_(48)Hf_(11.6) films annealed at 635℃-5 min are influenced by film thickness and the underlying substrate.Decreasing TiNiHf film thick-ness from 21μm to 110 nm results in the reduction of all characteristic transformation temperatures until a critical thickness is reached.Particularly,Ti_(40.4)Ni_(48)Hf_(11.6) thin films as low as 220 nm show transfor-mations above room temperature when deposited on SiO_(2) buffer layer,which is of great interest in nano-actuation.In comparison,220 nm films on Si substrates are austenitic at room temperature,and thus not suitable for actuation.Thermal fatigue tests on TiNiHf/SiO_(2)/Si bimorphs demonstrate better functional fatigue characteristics than freestanding films,with an average reduction of 15℃ after 125 cycles,with tempera-ture stabilization subsequently.Experimental bi-directional actuation results are promising in the development of bistable actuators within a PMMA/TiNiHf/Si trimorph composite,whereby the additional PMMA layer undergoes a glass transition at 105℃.With the aid of constitutive modeling,a route is elaborated on how bistable actuation can be achieved at micro-to nanoscales by showing favorable thickness combinations of PMMA/TiNiHf/Si composite.