Effects of Dietary Changes on the Gut Microbiota of Cynops orientalis

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of health for amphibians,and it has been fully recognized,but the effectiveness of various influencing factors has not yet been fully clarified.Although this association should be considered while the amphibian order Caudata is facing a severe situation of population decline and extinction,there is little understanding of the association between diets and the diversity of gut microbiota in the amphibian order Caudata.Here,we conducted an extensive analysis of the gut microbiota of Cynops orientalis fed different diets using functional prediction and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing techniques.First,we found that wild individuals had greater gut microbial diversity and richness in comparison to captive individuals.Second,we identified the bacterial taxa associated with diets and observed differences in the relative abundance of gut microbiota among people on various diets.Finally,we have a predictive comprehension of the selection and adaptative significance of shared core ASVs in the gut microbiota in maintaining the healthy survival of C.orientalis in a large-scale spatiotemporal map.Our study emphasizes how diets alter the gut microbiota of Caudata and offers fresh perspectives on the conservation and captive management of species in Caudata.

Exploring the Significance and Path of Interdisciplinary Integration of Art Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

With the advent of the artificial intelligence(AI)era,there is a need to create a more flexible and humanistic educational ecosystem to adapt to the changes.Education needs to move from a unidirectional focus on skills to the cultivation of creative“whole people.”Due to the non-standardized evaluation system of the art discipline,its education has a unique advantage for the cultivation of students’creativity.At the same time,the interdisciplinary integration of fine arts points to the educational goals in the era of AI and the educational requirements for cultivating students’core qualities in China.Therefore,this paper analyzes the theoretical basis and developmental evolution of interdisciplinary integration,studies the significance of interdisciplinary integration in art education from the three levels of students,teaching,and disciplines,and explores four effective paths to realize interdisciplinary integration in art education in the era of AI.In this way,students can realize the contextualized analysis of knowledge,in-depth understanding of the content of the discipline,and accurate expression of the spiritual values embedded in art interdisciplinary learning.The ultimate goal is to cultivate students’ability to solve complex problems,promote the development of students’free personalities,and respond to the national education requirements.

Development of an Integrated CMUTs-Based Resonant Biosensor for Label-Free Detection of DNA with Improved Selectivity by Ethylene-Glycol Alkanethiols

Gravimetric resonant-inspired biosensors have attracted increasing attention in industrial and point-ofcare applications,enabling label-free detection of biomarkers such as DNA and antibodies.Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers(CMUTs)are promising tools for developing miniaturized highperformance biosensing complementary metal–oxide–silicon(CMOS)platforms.However,their operability is limited by inefficient functionalization,aggregation,crosstalk in the buffer,and the requirement for an external high-voltage(HV)power supply.In this study,we aimed to propose a CMUTs-based resonant biosensor integrated with a CMOS front–end interface coupled with ethylene–glycol alkanethiols to detect single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides with large specificity.The topography of the functionalized surface was characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis.Improved selectivity for onchip hybridization was demonstrated by comparing complementary and non-complementary singlestranded DNA oligonucleotides using fluorescence imaging technology.The sensor array was further characterized using a five-element lumped equivalent model.The 4 mm^(2) application-specific integrated circuit chip was designed and developed through 0.18 lm HV bipolar-CMOS-double diffused metal–oxide–silicon(DMOS)technology(BCD)to generate on-chip 20 V HV boosting and to track feedback frequency under a standard 1.8 V supply,with a total power consumption of 3.8 mW in a continuous mode.The measured results indicated a detection sensitivity of 7.943×10^(-3) lmol·L^(-1)·Hz^(-1) over a concentration range of 1 to 100 lmol·L^(-1).In conclusion,the label-free biosensing of DNA under dry conditions was successfully demonstrated using a microfabricated CMUT array with a 2 MHz frequency on CMOS electronics with an internal HV supplier.Moreover,ethylene–glycol alkanethiols successfully deposited self-assembled monolayers on aluminum electrodes,which has never been attempted thus far on CMUTs,to enhance the selectivity of bio-functionalization.The findings of this study indicate the possibility of full-on-chip DNA biosensing with CMUTs.

Study of the inflammatory activating process in the early stage of Fusobacterium nucleatum infected PDLSCs

Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum)is an early pathogenic colonizer in periodontitis,but the host response to infection with this pathogen remains unclear.In this study,we built an F.nucleatum infectious model with human periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs)and showed that F.nucleatum could inhibit proliferation,and facilitate apoptosis,ferroptosis,and inflammatory cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner.The F.nucleatum adhesin Fad A acted as a proinflammatory virulence factor and increased the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and IL-8.Further study showed that Fad A could bind with PEBP1 to activate the Raf1-MAPK and IKK-NF-κB signaling pathways.Time-course RNA-sequencing analyses showed the cascade of gene activation process in PDLSCs with increasing durations of F.nucleatum infection.NFκB1 and NFκB2 upregulated after 3 h of F.nucleatum-infection,and the inflammatory-related genes in the NF-κB signaling pathway were serially elevated with time.Using computational drug repositioning analysis,we predicted and validated that two potential drugs(piperlongumine and fisetin)could attenuate the negative effects of F.nucleatum-infection.Collectively,this study unveils the potential pathogenic mechanisms of F.nucleatum and the host inflammatory response at the early stage of F.nucleatum infection.

Nitrate isotope dynamics in the lower euphotic-upper mesopelagic zones of the western South China Sea

The dual isotopes(N and O)of nitrate were measured using a denitrifier bacterial method in the western South China Sea(WSCS)during September 2015 to elucidate key information during N transformation in the lower euphotic zone(LEZ)-upper mesopelagic zone(UMZ,down to 500 m in this study)continuum,which is a vital sub-environment for marine N cycle and sequestration of atmospheric CO_(2)as well.The N isotopic composition(δ^(15)N)of nitrate generally decreased from 500 m toward the base of the euphotic zone(∼100 m),reaching a value of∼4.6‰(vs.air N_(2))at the base of the LEZ,suggesting the imprint of remineralization(nitrification)of isotopically light N from atmospheric source.Theδ^(15)N andδ18O of nitrate only generally conform to a 1:1 line at 50 m and 75 m,suggesting that nitrate assimilation is a dominant process to shape nitrate isotope signature in this light-limited and relatively N-replete lower part of the euphotic zone.The fractionation factors of N and O isotopes during nitrate fractionation(15εASSIM,18εASSIM)using a steady-state model were estimated to be 4.0‰±0.3‰and 5.4‰±0.3‰,respectively.The occurrence of nitrification at the base of the LEZ and most of the UMZ is corroborated by the decoupling ofδ^(15)N and the oxygen isotopic composition(δ18O)of nitrate.Our results will provide insights for better understanding N cycle in the South China Sea from a perspective of present and past.

Multi-Agent Consensus Control Scheme for the Load Control Problem

With the help of smart grid technologies,a lot of electrical loads can provide demand response to support the active power balance of the grid.Compared with centralized control methods,decentralized methods reduce the computational burden of the control center and enhance the reliability of the communication.In this paper,a novel second-order multi-agent consensus control method is proposed for load control problem.By introducing the velocity state into the model,the proposed method achieves better performance than traditional ones.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Effect of alpine hypoxic environment on intestinal flora

The external environment plays a decisive role in the changes of the intestinal microecology.The low oxygen environment of the plateau disturbs the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa,altered flora structure exacerbates intestinal mucosal barrier damage.It is possible that the mechanism of intestinal mucosal injury is the upregulation of the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1αin the intestine under hypoxic environment,along with the sustained expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),which triggers intestinal mucosal injury.

基于OCT观察正视眼及高度近视眼在调节过程中眼前节的形态学变化

目的:利用扫频光源眼前节光学相干断层扫描(SS-ASOCT)研究硝酸毛果芸香碱滴眼液刺激睫状肌收缩前后小梁网和Schlemm管的形态变化。方法:横断面研究。连续性纳入2022年4月至2023年6月在温州医科大学附属眼视光医院招募的54名健康受检者,以等效球镜度数(SE)为-0.75~+0.50 D和SE≤-6.00 D为界分为正视组与高度近视组。在应用硝酸毛果芸香碱滴眼液刺激调节前后,利用SS-ASOCT拍摄受检者右眼颞侧小梁网、睫状肌及Schlemm管的图像,通过自行编写的软件分析获取睫状肌最大厚度及睫状肌前部长度、小梁网长度和厚度、Schlemm管面积及直径等参数。采用配对t检验、卡方检验、独立t检验、Pearson相关分析对相关数据进行分析。结果:在调节前后,2组受检者均发生睫状肌最大厚度增加、睫状肌前部长度减小、小梁网长度和宽度增加及Schlemm管面积和直径增大的改变(均P<0.05)。正视组和高度近视组的睫状肌最大厚度变化量(t=4.85,P<0.001)、小梁网长度变化量(t=5.08,P<0.001)、小梁网宽度变化量(t=2.72,P=0.009)、Schlemm管面积变化量(t=3.86,P<0.001)及Schlemm管直径变化量(t=2.02,P=0.049)比较差异均有统计学意义。小梁网长度和Schlemm管面积与睫状肌最大厚度在正视组中均存在相关性(r=0.48,P=0.011;r=0.54,P=0.004),但在高度近视眼中均无相关性。结论:硝酸毛果芸香碱滴眼液诱导的调节过程中,正视眼和高度近视眼均发生睫状肌收缩、小梁网和Schlemm管扩张的形态改变。睫状肌的收缩与小梁网和Schlemm管形态改变的相关性仅在正视眼中存在差异有统计学意义。

Recent advances and trends in roll bonding process and bonding model:A review

This review presents a thorough survey of the roll bonding process with a focus on the bimetallic bars/tubes as well as the bonding models and criteria.The review aims to provide insight into cold,hot and cryogenic bonding mechanisms at the micro and atomic scale and act as a guide for researchers working on roll bonding,other joining processes and bonding simulation.Mean-while,the shortcomings of roll bonding processes are presented from the aspect of formable shapes,while bonding models are shown from the aspect of calculation time,convergence,interface behav-ior of dissimilar materials as well as hot bonding status prediction.Two well-accepted numerical methodologies of bonding models,namely the contact algorithm and cohesive zone model(CZM)of bonding models and in simulations of the bonding process are highlighted.Particularly,recent advances and trends in the application of the combination of mechanical interlocking and metallurgical bonding,special energy fields,gradient structure,novel materials,green technology and soft computing method in the roll bonding process are also discussed.The challenges for advancing and prospects of the roll bonding process and bonding model are presented in an attempt to shed some light on the future research direction.

Noninvasive fluid bubble detection based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers

Ultrasonic fluid bubble detection is important in industrial controls,aerospace systems and clinical medicine because it can prevent fatal mechanical failures and threats to life.However,current ultrasonic technologies for bubble detection are based on conventional bulk PZT-based transducers,which suffer from large size,high power consumption and poor integration with ICs and thus are unable to implement real-time and long-term monitoring in tight physical spaces,such as in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)systems and dialysis machines or hydraulic systems in aircraft.This work highlights the prospect of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers(CMUTs)in the aforementioned application situations based on the mechanism of received voltage variation caused by bubble-induced acoustic energy attenuation.The corresponding theories are established and well validated using finite element simulations.The fluid bubbles inside a pipe with a diameter as small as 8 mm are successfully measured using our fabricated CMUT chips with a resonant frequency of 1.1 MHz.The received voltage variation increases significantly with increasing bubble radii in the range of 0.5–2.5 mm.Further studies show that other factors,such as bubble positions,flow velocities,fluid medium types,pipe thicknesses and diameters,have negligible effects on fluid bubble measurement,demonstrating the feasibility and robustness of the CMUT-based ultrasonic bubble detection technique.

An integrated micromachined flexible ultrasonicinductive sensor for pipe contaminant multiparameter detection

Pipe contaminant detection holds considerable importance within various industries,such as the aviation,maritime,medicine,and other pertinent fields.This capability is beneficial for forecasting equipment potential failures,ascertaining operational situations,timely maintenance,and lifespan prediction.However,the majority of existing methods operate offline,and the detectable parameters online are relatively singular.This constraint hampers real-time on-site detection and comprehensive assessments of equipment status.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a sensing method that integrates an ultrasonic unit and an electromagnetic inductive unit for the real-time detection of diverse contaminants and flow rates within a pipeline.The ultrasonic unit comprises a flexible transducer patch fabricated through micromachining technology,which can not only make installation easier but also focus the sound field.Moreover,the sensing unit incorporates three symmetrical solenoid coils.Through a comprehensive analysis of ultrasonic and induction signals,the proposed method can be used to effectively discriminate magnetic metal particles(e.g.,iron),nonmagnetic metal particles(e.g.,copper),nonmetallic particles(e.g.,ceramics),and bubbles.This inclusive categorization encompasses nearly all types of contaminants that may be present in a pipeline.Furthermore,the fluid velocity can be determined through the ultrasonic Doppler frequency shift.The efficacy of the proposed detection principle has been validated by mathematical models and finite element simulations.Various contaminants with diverse velocities were systematically tested within a 14mm diameter pipe.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor can effectively detect contaminants within the 0.5−3mm range,accurately distinguish contaminant types,and measure flow velocity.

Residual stress analysis of multi-pass cold spinning process

Uncontrolled residual stresses have significant effects on the service time and defects of the spun parts.Nowadays,X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)method has been widely used in the residual stress measurement of industry products with different forming processes.The calculated residual stress is usually obtained from the data fitting slope of strain and angle with Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)method.But this fitting method is not always suitable for the big fluctuant data.In this paper,the Weighted Least Square(WLS)method is used for the data fitting and compared with the OLS method.The nickel-based superalloy GH3030 and iron-based superalloy GH1140 are applied in the multi-pass cold spinning experiments.The residual stress distributions of normal,potential crack and wrinkle workpieces are discussed with the grain structure.The results show that WLS method has better goodness of fit compared with OLS method.The residual stress distributions have special relationship with potential crack,wrinkle workpiece and grain structure.

Electromagnetic buffer optimization based on Nash game

Aiming at the problem of unstable buffering process of electromagnetic buffer(EMB)under intensive impact load,a three-segment electromagnetic buffer is proposed.The inner tube and air-gap of EMB are divided into three segments.The finite element analysis and impact test results show that the resultant resistance force(RRF)curve has two hump-shaped peaks,which is the reason for the unstable buffering process.In order to stabilize the buffering process,a multi-objective optimization design method of EMB based on Nash game theory is proposed.Firstly,the optimization model is established by taking the two peaks of the RRF curve and the maximum buffer displacement as the optimization objectives.Secondly,the multi-objective optimization model is transformed into a game model by sensitivity analysis and fuzzy clustering.Then,a Nash equilibrium solution strategy of EMB Nash game model based on symmetric elitist information exchange is proposed,which integrates gene expression programming(GEP)surrogate model and genetic algorithm(GA)as an optimization solver.Finally,the Nash equilibrium of the game model is obtained.The results show that the smoothness of the RRF curve has been significantly improved,which proves the effectiveness of the game strategy.