Illumina MiSeq sequencing investigation of Chanhua (Cordyceps cicadae Shing) fungal community structures in different regions

Objective:This study was carried out to elucidate the fungal diversity of Chanhua (Cordyceps cicadae Shing),which is an entomogenous fungal parasite that grows on wingless cicada nymphs.Methods:Samples were collected from 10 different geographical regions including Yibing in Sichuan Province,Jiangsu Province,Jiangxi Province,Anhui Province,Guangdong Province,and Guangxi Autonomous Region.The Illumina MiSeq-based method was used to investigate the Chanhua fungal community structures.Results:The results showed high fungal diversity,with 22 families found in the different samples,Eurotiomycetes was the dominant fungal family associated with Chanhua (composing 36.69% of the sample from Sichuan Mianyang),whereas Cordycipitaceae only composed 0.51% (Sichuan Yibing) to 0.33% (Guangdong) of these samples.Surprisingly,the proportion of Capnodiales was 5.27% in Sichuan Mianyang,whereas the percentage in other regions ranged from 4.35% (Sichuan Yibing) to 2.55% (Zhejiang),and the remaining proportion (more than 80%) was made up of unidentified fungus.Conclusions:These findings contribute to a better understanding of Chanhua from different regions and revealed an unexpectedly and high amount of unidentified diversity of these fungal communities.These results indicate that Chanhua parasitic fungi need to be further analyzed and identified for finding new medical fungi resources.

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks in pseudoxanthoma elasticum： a case report and systemic review

The present study reports a case of a patient with choroidal neovascularization(CNV)associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum(PXE).We observed the functional and anatomical improvement of the patient treated with intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)inhibitor bevacizumab.The study also systematically searched the database for similar cases to provide a literature review.Data concerning the clinical features,treatment strategies and outcomes were extracted and analyzed.Retrospective interventional case report and systematic literature review.A 56-year-old healthy Chinese woman with CNV secondary to PXE was reported.Examinations included best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),biomicroscopy,optical coherence tomography(OCT),fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and digital fundus photography.The patient managed with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)injections(bevacizumab 1.25 mg/0.05 m L).The Cochrane Library,Pub Med,OVID,and Up To Date databases were searched using the term pseudoxanthoma elasticum or Gr?nblad-Strandberg syndrome with the limits English.Articles that predated the databases were gathered from current references.Fundus examination revealed angioid streaks bilaterally and CNV in left eye(LE).After the patient underwent three intravitreal injections of bevacizumab,the LE showed absorption of the subretinal fluid and shrinkage of the CNV.Visual acuity(VA)was improved in her treated LE.Bevacizumab treatment was well tolerated with no adverse events reported.Approximately ten articles about 45 patients(49 eyes)describing CNV secondary to angioid streaks in PXE treated with anti-VEGF were found in the literature search.In the present case,bevacizumab of an initial three injection loading dose,achieved maintenance of visual function in the treatment of CNV associated with angioid streaks in PXE.Literature articles concluded that the intravitreal application of anti-VEGF is highly efficient for improving and stabilizing the lesion as well as the eyesight.So we believe that anti-VEGF therapy can be a great choice of treatment for CNV secondary to angioid streaks related PXE.

毫纳结构复合材料的制备、协同效应及其深度水处理应用

纳米材料具有较高的比表面积和较强的表面效应,在水处理领域展现出优异的净污性能,具有广阔的应用前景。将纳米颗粒负载于毫米级载体中制备毫纳结构复合材料,可有机结合纳米颗粒的高反应活性与载体的良好操作性,是突破纳米材料易聚团失活、难分离、稳定性差、潜在环境风险等工程应用瓶颈并实现规模化应用的重要技术手段。本文综述了毫纳结构复合材料的制备方法、结构特性及其在吸附和催化氧化除污性能及机制方面的研究进展,并从纳米颗粒的限域生长、限域吸附特性和限域催化氧化特性等方面阐述限域效应及载体-纳米颗粒的协同净污效应。最后,针对目前毫纳结构复合材料方向亟待解决的科学问题和实际应用挑战提出了展望,以期为推动纳米材料的实际应用提供一定的理论指导和技术参考。

Uptake and Intracellular Fate of Fluorophore Labeled Metal−Organic-Framework(MOF)Nanoparticles

The uptake and the fate of Zr-based metal−organic-framework nanoparticles labeled with organic fluorophores in HeLa cells has been monitored with fluorescence detection and elemental analysis.The nanoparticles have been selected as a model system of carrier nanoparticles(here Zr-based metal−organic-framework nanoparticles)with integrated cargo molecules(here organic fluorophores),with aze that does not allow for efficient exocytosis,a material which only partly degrades under acidic conditions as present in endosomes/lysosomes,and with limited colloidal stability.Data show that,for Zr-based metal−organic-framework nanoparticles of 40 nm size as investigated here,the number of nanoparticles per cells decreases faster due to particle redistribution upon proliferation than due to nanoparticle exocytosis and that,thus,also for this system,exocytosis is not an efficient pathway for clearance of the nanoparticles from the cells.

An overview of multi-antenna technologies for space-ground integrated networks

Multi-antenna technologies have already achieved a series of great successes in the development of information networks. For future space-ground integrated networks(SGINs), the traditional various kinds of separated information networks will converge to a whole fully connected information network to provide more flexible and reliable services on a world scale. Regarding their great successes in existing systems, multiantenna technologies will be of critical importance for the realization of SGINs and multi-antenna technologies are definitely one of the most important enabling technologies for future converged SGINs. In this article, a comprehensive overview on multi-antenna technologies is given. We first investigate multi-antenna technologies from a theoretical viewpoint. It is shown that we can understand multi-antenna technologies in a general and unified point of view. This fact has two-fold meanings. First, the research on multi-antennas can help us understand the relationships between different technologies e.g., OFDMA, CDMA, etc. On the other hand,multi-antenna technologies are easy to integrate into various information systems. Following that, we discuss in depth the potentials and challenges of the multi-antenna technologies on different platforms and in different applications case by case. More specifically, we investigate spaceborne multi-antenna technologies, airborne multi-antenna technologies, shipborne multi-antenna technologies, etc. Moreover, the combinations of multiantenna technologies with other advanced wireless technologies e.g., physical layer network coding, cooperative communication, etc., are also elaborated.

Screening of phenolic compounds in australian grown grapes and their potential antioxidant activities

Grapes(Vitis Vinifera)are one of the world's most utilised and prized fruit.Grapes are a great source of antioxidants due to the abundance of phenolic compounds.Grape pulp is the main part of the grape being consumed.The pulp of five Australian grown grapes–Dawn Seedless(DS),Calmeria(CG),Golden Globe(GG),Menindee Seedless(MS),and Thompson Seedless(TS)will be qualitatively and quantitatively analysed for its phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity.The general trend followed:GG>TS>MS>DS>CG,and the phenolic content of the pulp also presented a significant positive correlation with the antioxidant capacity.GG revealing the highest levels of TPC(4.31±0.11 mg GAE/g)and TFC(0.48±0.09 mg QE/g)while TS were highest in TTC(0.94±0.12 mg CE/g).Similarly,GG exhibited higher antioxidant capacity in DPPH(5.84±0.17 mg AAE/g),FRAP(4.91±0.14 mg AAE/g),and TAC(6.78±0.12 mg AAE/g),while TS revealed highest radical scavenging ability for ABTS(4.56±0.19 mg AAE/g).The LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS tentatively identified 78 phenolic compounds consisting of flavonoids(36),phenolic acids(31),lignans(3),stilbenes(1),and other polyphenols(7)in five grapes samples.Ten most abundant fruit-based targeted polyphenols were quantified.GG had a higher phenolic concentration in HPLC-PDA quantification,particularly for phenolic acids(gallic acid and chlorogenic acid)and flavonoids(kaempferol).Our study provides relatively adequate information on grape pulp's phenolic content and antioxidant capacity,providing confidence and research prospects to promote grape pulp use in different food,pharmaceutical and supplement industries,and even influencing grape cultivation.