Multi-UAV cooperative maneuver decision-making for pursuitevasion using improved MADRL

Aiming at the problem of multi-UAV pursuit-evasion confrontation, a UAV cooperative maneuver method based on an improved multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL) is proposed. In this method, an improved Comm Net network based on a communication mechanism is introduced into a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to solve the multi-agent problem. A layer of gated recurrent unit(GRU) is added to the actor-network structure to remember historical environmental states. Subsequently,another GRU is designed as a communication channel in the Comm Net core network layer to refine communication information between UAVs. Finally, the simulation results of the algorithm in two sets of scenarios are given, and the results show that the method has good effectiveness and applicability.

陕西成年人慢性病共病现状及其影响因素和共病模式研究

目的了解陕西省成年人慢性病共病的现状及其影响因素和共病模式,为慢性病预防和控制提供依据。方法采用“西北区域自然人群队列研究”陕西课题基线调查的数据,以≥18岁的成年人为研究对象。采用多分类Logistic回归模型探讨共病的影响因素,采用探索性因子分析提取共病模式。结果44442名研究对象的共病患病率为10.7%。年龄增加、男性、城市人群、超重和肥胖为共病的危险因素。男性患共病的风险高于女性,OR(95%CI)为1.25(1.12~1.39)。随着年龄增加患共病的风险增加,以18.0~34.9岁为参照组,35.0~44.9岁、45.0~54.9岁、55.0~64.9岁和≥65.0岁者患共病的OR(95%CI)依次为4.73(3.47~6.46)、15.61(11.60~21.00)、41.39(30.76~55.70)和90.04(66.58~121.77)。陕西成年人的共病模式主要为心血管代谢共病(5.4%)、内脏-关节共病(1.0%)和呼吸系统共病(0.3%)。结论超过十分之一的陕西成年人患有共病,以心血管代谢共病为主。应加强中老年人、男性、城市人群、超重和肥胖者的慢性病防控,并重点防控心血管代谢性疾病。

Study on Compound Stabilizer Formulation for Mango Juice with Skin

[Objectives]The effects of stabilizers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,pectin,sodium alginate and xanthan gum on the stability of mango juice with skin were discussed using mango as the raw material.[Methods]The formula and stability of mango beverage with skin were studied using mango juice with skin as the raw material.Four stabilizers,including pectin,sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,were added to improve the stability of the juice.Based on single factor experiments and a response surface experiment,the stability model of mango juice was established to determine the best compound stabilizer.[Results]According to an orthogonal experiment on the stability of mango juice with skin,the optimum technical parameters were as follows:sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.20%,xanthan gum 0.08%,sodium alginate 0.18%,and pectin 0.14%,with which the optimal suspension stability was 69.12%.The optimum technical parameters from the response surface experiment were as follows:sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.199%,pectin 0.1185%,sodium alginate 0.163%,and xanthan gum 0.077%,with which the suspension stability was 70.32%.It was found that the stability of mango juice with skin obtained by the response surface experiment was better than that by the orthogonal experiment,and the order of factors affecting the stability of mango was sodium alginate(C)>sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(A)>pectin(D)>xanthan gum(B).[Conclusions]The formula of compound stabilizer for mango juice was optimized by the orthogonal experiment and the response surface method,providing a theoretical basis for the actual production of mango juice with skin.

羽毛球颠球练习对小学生视力的即时干预效果研究

目的:为探讨羽毛球颠球练习对小学生视力的即时效果,找到一套方便实施的小学生预防近视的运动方法。方法:采用随机对照试验,将54名小学生随机分为羽毛球颠球练习组、羽毛球对打组和跳绳组,分别进行40分钟的练习,观察三组受试者运动前后视力变化。结果:羽毛球颠球组和羽毛球对打组的视力前后比较,双眼视力改善均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),跳绳组干预前后,双眼视力无显著性变化。再对颠球组进行皮尔逊相关性分析,年龄越小,颠球后的视力改善越明显(r=-0.389,P<0.05)。结论:颠球具有较好的即时改善视力效果,且年龄越小,改善效果越好。

A likely autotetraploidization event shaped the Chinese mahogany(Toona sinensis)genome

Chinese mahogany(Toona sinensis) is of considerable medical and economic importance, and its genome has been deciphered. However, the process underlying its polyploidy is unclear, and the chromosomal evolutionary trajectory is poorly understood. Here, by reanalysing the T.sinensis genome, we found evidence of a tetraploidization event(T. sinensis special tetraploidization, TST) that occurred approximately 15-17 million years ago(MYA) after the core eudicot-common hexaploidization(ECH or gamma) event. We characterized the synonymous nucleotide substitution rates(Ks values) of collinear genes and found that T. sinensis genes affected by the TST evolve at a slower rate than Acer yangbiense genes. Furthermore, we identified homologous genes related to polyploidization and speciation and constructed multiple alignments with different reference genomes. Notably, the significant balance of gene retention and loss characterized in the two TST-derived subgenomes suggests an autopolyploid nature of the TST. Moreover, we deduced the chromosomal karyotypes of the two subgenomes and identified 7chromosomal fusions that have shaped the T. sinensis genome;more information is available on a newly constructed karyotype platform(http://www.cgrpoee.top/Toona_sinensis/index.html). The T. sinensis genome preserves the ancestral chromosome structure of dicotyledons well and could serve as a good reference for understanding genomic changes in other Meliaceae and Sapindales plants. In addition, we verified that tandem duplication and the ECH have promoted the expansion of terpene synthase(TPS) genes;conversely, the TST seems to have inhibited expansion of these genes. This present effort has clarified the polyploidy events of the T. sinensis genome, filled gaps in the history of karyotype evolution, and laid a solid foundation for further genomic studies in the Meliaceae research community and beyond.

SW-Net: A novel few-shot learning approach for disease subtype prediction

Few-shot learning is becoming more and more popular in many fields,especially in the computer vision field.This inspires us to introduce few-shot learning to the genomic field,which faces a typical few-shot problem because some tasks only have a limited number of samples with high-dimensions.The goal of this study was to investigate the few-shot disease sub-type prediction problem and identify patient subgroups through training on small data.Accurate disease subtype classification allows clinicians to efficiently deliver investigations and interventions in clinical practice.We propose the SW-Net,which simulates the clinical process of extracting the shared knowledge from a range of interrelated tasks and generalizes it to unseen data.Our model is built upon a simple baseline,and we modified it for genomic data.Supportbased initialization for the classifier and transductive fine-tuning techniques were applied in our model to improve prediction accuracy,and an Entropy regularization term on the query set was appended to reduce over-fitting.Moreover,to address the high dimension and high noise issue,we future extended a feature selection module to adaptively select important features and a sample weighting module to prioritize high-confidence samples.Experiments on simulated data and The Cancer Genome Atlas meta-dataset show that our new baseline model gets higher prediction accuracy compared to other competing algorithms.

Beamforming Optimization for RIS-Aided SWIPT in Cell-Free MIMO Networks

Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a promising technology that utilizes massive low-cost elements to reflect incident signals to desired direction.In this paper,we consider a RIS-aided cell free multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)network that composed of multiple access points(APs),multiple RISs,multiple information receivers(IRs),and multiple energy receivers(ERs).Under the maximum transmit power constraints of the APs and the minimum total energy harvesting power constraints of the ERs,we aim to maximize the weighted sum-rate(WSR)by jointly optimizing the beamforming matrices and the passive RIS reflection matrices.However,the formulated problem is nonconvex and very challenging to solve.Therefore,we propose an alternating optimization algorithm to obtain a suboptimal solution.Explicitly,the proposed algorithm decomposes the original optimization problem into three subproblems that can be efficiently solved.To overcome the nonconvexity of the subproblems,a successive convex approximation(SCA)based algorithm is proposed to tackle the energy harvesting constraints.Moreover,an alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)based algorithm is proposed to optimize the constant modulus constrained RIS reflecting elements.Finally,simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance advantages of the proposed algorithms.

Monitoring film coalescence from aqueous polymeric dispersions using atomic force microscopy: Surface topographic and nano-adhesion studies

The aim of the investigation was to develop the use of topographic and nano-adhesion atomic force microscopy(AFM) studies as a means of monitoring the coalescence of latex particles within films produced from a pharmaceutically relevant aqueous dispersion(Eudragit~?NE30 D). Films were prepared via spin coating and analysed using AFM, initially via tapping mode for topographic assessment followed by force-distance measurements which allowed assessment of site-specific adhesion. The results showed that colloidal particles were clearly observed topographically in freshly prepared samples, with coalescence detected on curing via the disappearance of discernible surface features and a decrease in roughness indices. The effects of temperature and humidity on film curing were also studied, with the former having the most pronounced effect. AFM force measurements showed that the variation in adhesive force reduced with increasing curing time, suggesting a novel method of quantifying the rate of film formation upon curing. It was concluded that the AFM methods outlined in this study may be used as a means of qualitatively and quantitatively monitoring the curing of pharmaceutical films as a function of time and other variables, thereby facilitating rational design of curing protocols.

Enhanced direct gaseous CO_(2) fixation into higher bio-succinic acid production and selectivity

Utilizing CO_(2)for bio-succinic acid production is an attractive approach to achieve carbon capture and recycling(CCR)with simultaneous production of a useful platform chemical.Actinobacillus succinogenes and Basfia succiniciproducens were selected and investigated as microbial catalysts.Firstly,the type and concentration of inorganic carbon concentration and glucose concentration were evaluated.6 g C/L MgCO_(3)and 24 g C/L glucose were found to be the optimal basic operational conditions,with succinic acid production and carbon yield of over 30 g/L and over 40%,respectively.Then,for maximum gaseous CO_(2)fixation,carbonate was replaced with CO_(2)at different ratios.The“less carbonate more CO_(2)”condition of the inorganic carbon source was set as carbonate:CO_(2)=1:9(based on the mass of carbon).This condition presented the highest availability of CO_(2)by well-balanced chemical reaction equilibrium and phase equilibrium,showing the best performance with regarding CO_(2)fixation(about 15 mg C/(L·hr)),with suppressed lactic acid accumulation.According to key enzymes analysis,the ratio of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to lactic dehydrogenase was enhanced at high ratios of gaseous CO_(2),which could promote glucose conversion through the succinic acid path.To further increase gaseous CO_(2)fixation and succinic acid production and selectivity,stepwise CO_(2)addition was evaluated.50%-65%increase in inorganic carbon utilization was obtained coupled with 20%-30%increase in succinic acid selectivity.This was due to the promotion of the succinic acid branch of the glucose metabolism,while suppressing the pyruvate branch,along with the inhibition on the conversion from glucose to lactic acid.

The earliest evidence for a microblade adaptation in the remote,high altitude regions of the Tibetan Plateau

Microblade assemblages are among the most common prehistoric archaeological materials found on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and are thought to indicate large scale migration to and settlement of the TP.Few microblade sites,however,have been systematically excavated,especially in the remotest,highest-elevation regions of the TP.The timing of the large-scale arrival,spread,and permanent settlement of people on the TP therefore remains controversial.In this paper,we report on a recently excavated site,Locality 3 of the Nwya Devu Site(ND3),located at 4600 meters above sea level(masl),near the shore of Ngoin Lake,on the interior TP.Our analyses reveal a fairly typical microblade technological orientation and two types of microblade cores:wedge-shaped and semi-conical,which are similar to those found throughout North China.Using Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL)dating and AMS^(14)C dating,the age of ND3 ranges from 11 to 10 ka.This date range indicates ND3 is the oldest microblade site yet recorded in the remote,high-elevation regions of the TP and thus provides important information about when and how hunter-gatherers using microblades began exploiting the higher altitudes of the TP.Taken together,studies at ND3 and throughout the TP suggest that a microblade adaptation is associated with the first prolonged human occupation of the plateau and that microblades played a significant role in mediating the risks and facilitating the mobility necessary to permanently inhabit the TP.

Erratum to:Self-enhancing photothermal conversion of 2D Weyl semimetal WTe_(2)with topological surface states for efficient solar vapor generation

The funding numbers of Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in the original version of the paper were wrong.They are corrected as“Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.202201010243)”and“Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.21621019)”.And the two funding numbers in the online version of this paper has been corrected.There is a misspelling in Fig.5(e)and the figure of Graphical abstract,“Photon”on the top right corner of the figures should be corrected to“Phonon”.And the two misspellings in the online version of this paper have been corrected.

An EMG-Based Biomimetic Variable Stiffness Modulation Strategy for Bilateral Motor Skills Relearning of Upper Limb Elbow Joint Rehabilitation

Bilateral rehabilitation systems with bilateral or unilateral assistive robots have been developed for hemiplegia patients to recover their one-side paralysis.However,the compliant robotic assistance to promote bilateral inter-limb coordination remains a challenge that should be addressed.In this paper,a biomimetic variable stiffness modulation strategy for the Variable Stiffness Actuator(VSA)integrated robotic is proposed to improve bilateral limb coordination and promote bilateral motor skills relearning.An Electromyography(EMG)-driven synergy reference stiffness estimation model of the upper limb elbow joint is developed to reproduce the muscle synergy effect on the affected side limb by independent real-time stiffness control.Additionally,the bilateral impedance control is incorporated for realizing compliant patient-robot interaction.Preliminary experiments were carried out to evaluate the tracking performance and investigate the multiple task intensities’influence on bilateral motor skills relearning.Experimental results evidence the proposed method could enable bilateral motor task skills relearning with wide-range task intensities and further promote bilateral inter-limb coordination.

TaBZR1 enhances wheat salt tolerance via promoting ABA biosynthesis and ROS scavenging

Brassinosteroids(BRs)are vital plant steroid hormones involved in numerous aspects of plant life including growth,development,and responses to various stresses.However,the underlying mechanisms of how BR regulates abiotic stress responses in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)remain to be elucidated.Here,we find that BR signal core transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1(TaBZR1)is significantly up-regulated by salt treatment.Overexpression of Tabzr1-1D(a gain-of-function TaBZR1 mutant protein)improves wheat salt tolerance.Furthermore,we show that TaBZR1 binds directly to the G-box motif in the promoter of ABA biosynthesis gene TaNCED3 to activate its expression and promotes ABA accumulation.Moreover,TaBZR1 associates with the promoters of ROS-scavenging genes TaGPX2 and TaGPX3 to activate their expression.Taken together,our results elucidate that TaBZR1 improves salt-stress tolerance by activating some genes involved in the biosynthesis of ABA and ROS scavenging in wheat,which gives us a new strategy to improve the salt tolerance of wheat.

Self-enhancing photothermal conversion of 2D Weyl semimetal WTe_(2)with topological surface states for efficient solar vapor generation

To improve the performance of solar energy-driven water generation,two-dimensional(2D)photothermal materials requisite to be optimized by some strategies such as alloying,combination of plasmonic and defect modulation.However,the challenges faced in practical utilization are the complex preparation process and insufficient solar spectrum absorption.Herein,we propose a strategy of self-enhancing photothermal performance induced by topological surface states(TSSs).2D WTe_(2)is fabricated on the mixed cellulose ester(MCE)for photothermal device.Compared to the MCE and pure water,WTe_(2)@MCE has an excellent photothermal evaporation rate of 1.09 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1)upon 1 sun irradiation,promoting 6.1 and 3.1 times,respectively.It can be attributed to the characteristics of 2D Weyl semimetal WTe_(2)with TSSs bringing about high optical absorption capacity,low thermal diffusivity,specific heat capacity,and high carrier density,which are strongly proved by experiments and calculation.More importantly,the contribution of TSSs to the enhancement of optical absorption for efficient solar water generation is revealed by the comparative experiment between 2D WTe_(2)with TSSs and that without TSSs.Furthermore,photothermal conversion mechanism is explored in-depth understanding that the photoexcited electrons recombinate with the holes through nonradiative mode for releasing thermal energy by phonons emission via multiple pathway.This work promotes the application of Weyl semimetal material with TSSs in solar water evaporation.

Recent advances on false information governance

In recent years,false information or misinformation,which may result from misperception or deception[1,2],has been spread explosively through various social media,such as short videos,Weibo,and lives.In reality,it generates rumors,influences social opinion,and disturbs the social order.The widespread false information on the Internet or public media brings us profound negative effects,especially in the economy,psychology,and daily life.

Challenges and opportunities for carbon neutrality in China’s building sector—Modelling and data

The building sector is one of the largest energy user and carbon emitter globally.To achieve China’s national carbon target,the building sector in China needs to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality targets by 2030 and 2060,respectively.However,data deficiency on building energy and emissions become barriers for tracking the status of building energy and emissions,and identify potential opportunities for achieving dual carbon targets.To address these shortcomings,this study established an integrated China Building Energy and Emission Model(CBEEM).With CBEEM,this study evaluated the building-construction and building-operation energy and emissions in China,and revealed the status quo and potential challenge and opportunities.According to modelling results,building operation energy use of China was 1.06 billion tce in 2020,accounting for 21%of China’s total primary energy consumption.Building construction energy consumption was 0.52 billion tce in 2020,accounting for another 10%of total primary energy consumption.Key messages found on building carbon emissions are:building construction embodied emissions were 1.5 billion tCO_(2) in 2020 and are declining slowly,building operational carbon emissions were 2.2 billion tCO_(2) in 2020 and are still increasing.International comparisons between China and other countries on building stock,energy use intensity and carbon emission intensity were conducted as well,and help shed a light on the challenges for decarbonization of China’s building sector.Finally,technology perspectives to achieve carbon neutrality target were discussed and related policy suggestions were provided.