目的:探索虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)技术应用于小儿静脉套管针留置中的实践效果。方法:选择50例4~12岁需行留置针置管操作的小儿患者,美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,A SA)分级为I~II级,采用随机数字表法...目的:探索虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)技术应用于小儿静脉套管针留置中的实践效果。方法:选择50例4~12岁需行留置针置管操作的小儿患者,美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,A SA)分级为I~II级,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组,每组各25例。对照组在常规程序下接受留置针置入;试验组在常规操作的基础上,于留置针置入前5 min熟悉并使用VR设备,直至留置针置入结束。采用Wong-Baker面部表情量表对留置针留置过程中3个时间点的疼痛进行评估,分别为绑扎止血带时(T0)、留置套管针时(T1)、置入套管针后1 min(T2)。比较两组留置针留置一次成功率。结果:试验组小儿接受常规方法留置针置管时,T1和T2时间点对疼痛感知程度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组留置针留置一次成功率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:采用VR设备能有效改善患儿留置针置管中的疼痛,可在临床中推广使用。展开更多
^87Sr/^86Sr, δ^18O and δ^13C ratios of calcite, dolomite, gypsum filling vugs and fissures in marine carbonates and their host rocks from the Sinian to the middle Triassic, are employed to trace the possible source ...^87Sr/^86Sr, δ^18O and δ^13C ratios of calcite, dolomite, gypsum filling vugs and fissures in marine carbonates and their host rocks from the Sinian to the middle Triassic, are employed to trace the possible source and migration path of key fluids related to development of hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon preservation condition are then discussed further. Comprehensive research, based on the paleo-fluid, the property of formation water and the deformation intensity etc., indicates that the preservation conditions in the Shizhu synclinorium zone and Fangdoushan anticlinorium zone are the most predominant in the central Yangtze. Three sets of fluid systems in the Shizhu synclinorium zone are identified. Little fluid exchange occurs between the upper-middle fluid system and the lower fluid system, so two independent preservation units have developed. Both the Permian and the Triassic in the upper preservation units and the Dengying Formation of the Sinian and the lower Cambrian in the lower preservation units have good preservation conditions. The preservation condition in the lower association （Z-S） located in the Huaguoping synclinorium zone in the western Hubei and Hunan is better than that in other tectonic units, where the fluids in the lower association migrated vertically across strata when the fluid isolating intervals were destroyed, the regional seals are absent and the conditions for the preservation of hydrocarbon accumulations are totally destroyed. The preservation condition is increasingly more favorable from the western Jiangxi and Hunan to the western Hubei ＆ eastern Chongqing on the whole.展开更多
In the equatorial western Pacific, iron-manganese oxyhydroxide crusts(Fe-Mn crusts) and nodules form on basaltic seamounts and on the top of drowned carbonate platform guyots that have been swept free of pelagic sedim...In the equatorial western Pacific, iron-manganese oxyhydroxide crusts(Fe-Mn crusts) and nodules form on basaltic seamounts and on the top of drowned carbonate platform guyots that have been swept free of pelagic sediments. To date, the Fe-Mn crusts have been considered to be almost exclusively of abiotic origin. However, it has recently been suggested that these crusts may be a result of biomineralization. Although the Fe-Mn crust textures in the equatorial western Pacific are similar to those constructed by bacteria and algae, and biomarkers also document the existence of bacteria and algae dispersed within the Fe-Mn crusts, the precipitation, accumulation and distribution of elements, such as Fe, Mn, Ni and Co in Fe-Mn crusts are not controlled by microbial activity. Bacteria and algae are only physically incorporated into the crusts when dead plankton settle on the ocean floor and are trapped on the crust surface. Geochemical evidence suggests a hydrogenous origin of Fe-Mn crusts in the equatorial western Pacific, thus verifying a process for Fe-Mn crusts that involves the precipitation of colloidal phases from seawater followed by extensive scavenging of dissolved trace metals into the mineral phase during crust formation.展开更多
The gush-out water in the mineral pit endangers the underground mine safety directly. It is an important task for underground mine to guarantee its safety during the flood season. The authors analyzed the status of wa...The gush-out water in the mineral pit endangers the underground mine safety directly. It is an important task for underground mine to guarantee its safety during the flood season. The authors analyzed the status of water prevention and control in Chengchao Iron Mine,China,and put forward the necessary measures. The hydrogeological parameter controls the design of mine water prevention and affects the mineral well safety in operation. Enhance supervision and control,keeping the current facilities intact,using the existing pump house and the underground tunnel to adjust and control the amount of water and improving the hydrogeological conditions in the mine are the practical and remedial measures.展开更多
文摘目的:探索虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)技术应用于小儿静脉套管针留置中的实践效果。方法:选择50例4~12岁需行留置针置管操作的小儿患者,美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,A SA)分级为I~II级,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组,每组各25例。对照组在常规程序下接受留置针置入;试验组在常规操作的基础上,于留置针置入前5 min熟悉并使用VR设备,直至留置针置入结束。采用Wong-Baker面部表情量表对留置针留置过程中3个时间点的疼痛进行评估,分别为绑扎止血带时(T0)、留置套管针时(T1)、置入套管针后1 min(T2)。比较两组留置针留置一次成功率。结果:试验组小儿接受常规方法留置针置管时,T1和T2时间点对疼痛感知程度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组留置针留置一次成功率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:采用VR设备能有效改善患儿留置针置管中的疼痛,可在临床中推广使用。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(41072082)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2005CB422106)national key subject constructional item of mineralogy,petrology and mineral deposit(SZD0407)and backup candidate fund of academic and technical senior scholar in Sichuan Province
文摘^87Sr/^86Sr, δ^18O and δ^13C ratios of calcite, dolomite, gypsum filling vugs and fissures in marine carbonates and their host rocks from the Sinian to the middle Triassic, are employed to trace the possible source and migration path of key fluids related to development of hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon preservation condition are then discussed further. Comprehensive research, based on the paleo-fluid, the property of formation water and the deformation intensity etc., indicates that the preservation conditions in the Shizhu synclinorium zone and Fangdoushan anticlinorium zone are the most predominant in the central Yangtze. Three sets of fluid systems in the Shizhu synclinorium zone are identified. Little fluid exchange occurs between the upper-middle fluid system and the lower fluid system, so two independent preservation units have developed. Both the Permian and the Triassic in the upper preservation units and the Dengying Formation of the Sinian and the lower Cambrian in the lower preservation units have good preservation conditions. The preservation condition in the lower association （Z-S） located in the Huaguoping synclinorium zone in the western Hubei and Hunan is better than that in other tectonic units, where the fluids in the lower association migrated vertically across strata when the fluid isolating intervals were destroyed, the regional seals are absent and the conditions for the preservation of hydrocarbon accumulations are totally destroyed. The preservation condition is increasingly more favorable from the western Jiangxi and Hunan to the western Hubei ＆ eastern Chongqing on the whole.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41273060)
文摘In the equatorial western Pacific, iron-manganese oxyhydroxide crusts(Fe-Mn crusts) and nodules form on basaltic seamounts and on the top of drowned carbonate platform guyots that have been swept free of pelagic sediments. To date, the Fe-Mn crusts have been considered to be almost exclusively of abiotic origin. However, it has recently been suggested that these crusts may be a result of biomineralization. Although the Fe-Mn crust textures in the equatorial western Pacific are similar to those constructed by bacteria and algae, and biomarkers also document the existence of bacteria and algae dispersed within the Fe-Mn crusts, the precipitation, accumulation and distribution of elements, such as Fe, Mn, Ni and Co in Fe-Mn crusts are not controlled by microbial activity. Bacteria and algae are only physically incorporated into the crusts when dead plankton settle on the ocean floor and are trapped on the crust surface. Geochemical evidence suggests a hydrogenous origin of Fe-Mn crusts in the equatorial western Pacific, thus verifying a process for Fe-Mn crusts that involves the precipitation of colloidal phases from seawater followed by extensive scavenging of dissolved trace metals into the mineral phase during crust formation.
文摘The gush-out water in the mineral pit endangers the underground mine safety directly. It is an important task for underground mine to guarantee its safety during the flood season. The authors analyzed the status of water prevention and control in Chengchao Iron Mine,China,and put forward the necessary measures. The hydrogeological parameter controls the design of mine water prevention and affects the mineral well safety in operation. Enhance supervision and control,keeping the current facilities intact,using the existing pump house and the underground tunnel to adjust and control the amount of water and improving the hydrogeological conditions in the mine are the practical and remedial measures.
