烟农专业合作社运行过程中的问题与思考

烟农合作社是烟农自愿加入、自发成立的一个群众性组织,是现代烟草农业建设与发展的一个重要平台,自现代烟草农业建设以来,烟农合作社发展取得了长足的进步,但也依然存在一些问题。本文就合作社管理人员选用、社员结构、运行规范、设施综合利用、工序化作业及农机具配置等6个方面问题进行探讨,供相关管理人员参考。

Occurrence Regularity of Myzus persicae and Aphid- transmitted Virus Disease in Zhenyuan County of Guizhou

[ Objective] The paper provided a reference for establishment of effective prevention mechanism against aphids in Zhenyuan tobacco area. [ Melllod ] The initial population quantity of aphids in early spring, migration of winged aphids, occurrence regularity and damage status of Myzus persicae and aphid-transmit- ted virus （PVY ＋ CMV） were investigated in Zhenyuan County from 2014 to 2015 using 10-point checkerboard sampling method, yellow dish trapping method and 5-point sampling method. [ Result] The total amount of aphids in Brassica campestris was the largest among overwintering hosts, with an average of 18.44 speci- men/plant. The migration of winged aphids presented bimedal pattern; the population dynamics of wingless aphids presented unimodal pattern, and the occurrence peak was from May to June. [ Conclusion] Field control against M. persicae in tobacco fields should be conducted from mid May to early June.

牛粪酵母菌的分离鉴定及其碳源代谢分析

牛粪中的酵母菌是重要的资源,在牛粪发酵的过程中具有重要作用。为了分离、鉴定牛粪中可培养的酵母菌,并研究其碳源代谢指纹图谱,以发酵牛粪为材料,采用稀释涂布平板法分离牛粪中的酵母菌,经菌落观察和镜检后,采用Biolog全自动微生物鉴定系统对分离菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,从发酵牛粪中共分离得到7株酵母菌,并且鉴定到了种水平,其中有3株为白吉利毛孢子菌(Trichosporon beigelii),2株为约翰逊锁掷孢酵母(Sporidiobolus johnsonii),1株为菱形伊萨酵母(Issatchenkia scutulata),1株为隐球酵母属的Cryptococcus tsukubaensis。分离得到的4种酵母菌的碳源代谢能力和同化能力存在差异,Trichosporon beigelii能够利用的碳源种类最多,具有较强的环境适应性,其次为Issatchenkia scutulata、Sporidiobolus johnsonii、Cryptococcus tsukubaensis;糊精是能被大部分酵母菌代谢的唯一碳源。牛粪中酵母菌代谢的特征性碳源信息及优势酵母菌菌株对于牛粪的快速腐熟堆肥具有一定的指导意义。