Vranic site is a sand quarry that is located on the southern foothills of Papuk Mountain.From bottom to top of the succession,three sedimentary units have been recognized as:Unit 1 containing massive sand with scatter...Vranic site is a sand quarry that is located on the southern foothills of Papuk Mountain.From bottom to top of the succession,three sedimentary units have been recognized as:Unit 1 containing massive sand with scattered gravel-sized clasts,marl cobbles and boulders,and abundant marine mammal and fish fossils;Unit 2 consisting of sand intercalated with silt,clay and gravel,which may be horizontally bedded;and Unit 3,which is an erosionally-based lenticular matrix to clast-supported structureless gravel.The basal part of Unit 1 shows numerous reworked skeletal remains of Miocene marine mammals.Cosmogenic radionuclides constrain the age of burial of Unit 1 to 895±211 ka,while the source area of Unit 1 had a quick denudation.The massive sands deposited on the slopes of Papuk Mountain were vulnerable to erosion due to the absence of clay.Heavy rainfall or water from snow melting created flash floods that infiltrated the sands,thereby causing slope destabilization and deformation.This process led to slumps that were transformed into a sandy debris flow.This sediment was probably deposited during the interglacial marine isotope age(MIS)21 period when the scarce vegetation and a warmer climate favored the melting of permafrost ice and consequently triggered slope movements during MIS 22.The reworked skeletal material sampled at the Vranic site comprises fossilized fish along with mammal bones and teeth.Thus,the Vranic site represents an important site for cetacean fossil remains and serves as an important data source for marine life in the Central Paratethys.展开更多
基金supported by Projects no.181-18110961093 of the Croatian Ministry of ScienceEducation and Sports and by the project NKFIH 124807 of the National Research,Development and Innovation Office of Hungary+1 种基金The measurements performed at ASTER(CEREGE,Aix-en-Provence,France)were supported by the INSU/CNRS,the French Ministry of Research and Higher Education,IRD and CEAAMS measurements performed at VERA were supported by the RADIATE project 19001688-ST under the Grant Agreement 824096 from the EU Research and Innovation programme HORIZON 2020.
文摘Vranic site is a sand quarry that is located on the southern foothills of Papuk Mountain.From bottom to top of the succession,three sedimentary units have been recognized as:Unit 1 containing massive sand with scattered gravel-sized clasts,marl cobbles and boulders,and abundant marine mammal and fish fossils;Unit 2 consisting of sand intercalated with silt,clay and gravel,which may be horizontally bedded;and Unit 3,which is an erosionally-based lenticular matrix to clast-supported structureless gravel.The basal part of Unit 1 shows numerous reworked skeletal remains of Miocene marine mammals.Cosmogenic radionuclides constrain the age of burial of Unit 1 to 895±211 ka,while the source area of Unit 1 had a quick denudation.The massive sands deposited on the slopes of Papuk Mountain were vulnerable to erosion due to the absence of clay.Heavy rainfall or water from snow melting created flash floods that infiltrated the sands,thereby causing slope destabilization and deformation.This process led to slumps that were transformed into a sandy debris flow.This sediment was probably deposited during the interglacial marine isotope age(MIS)21 period when the scarce vegetation and a warmer climate favored the melting of permafrost ice and consequently triggered slope movements during MIS 22.The reworked skeletal material sampled at the Vranic site comprises fossilized fish along with mammal bones and teeth.Thus,the Vranic site represents an important site for cetacean fossil remains and serves as an important data source for marine life in the Central Paratethys.
