2014年10月至2015年4月纽约市对来自埃博拉疫情国家旅客的主动监测

西非埃博拉病毒病（简称“埃博拉”）暴发疫情已夺走近11300人的生命，其严重程度和流行进程促使许多未受影响的国家为来自埃博拉疫情国家的输入病例作准备。2014年10月，美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）和美国国土安全部（Department of Homel and Security，DHS）在纽约市约翰肯尼迪国际机场、芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场、新泽西纽瓦克自由国际机场、亚特兰大哈兹菲尔德杰克逊国际机场、弗吉尼亚州华盛顿杜勒斯国际机场等5个美国机场实行强化入境风险评估和管理。

One Hundred Years of Influenza Since the 1918 Pandemic—Is China Prepared Today?

Almost 100 years after the 1918 influenza pandemic,China experienced its largest,most widespread epidemic of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9),the influenza virus with the greatest pandemic potential of all influenza viruses assessed to date by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Influenza Risk Assessment Tool.This historical review describes how China was affected by the 1918,1958,1968,and 2009 influenza pandemics,records milestones in China’s capacity to detect and respond to influenza threats,and identifies remaining challenges for pandemic preparedness.This review suggests that past influenza pandemics have improved China’s national capabilities such that China has become a global leader in influenza detection and response.Further enhancing China’s pandemic preparedness to address remaining challenges requires government commitment and increased investment in China’s public health and healthcare systems.

Enhanced environmental surveillance for avian influenza A/H5,H7 and H9 viruses in Guangxi,China,2017-2019

We conducted environmental surveillance to detect avian influenza viruses circulating at live poultry markets(LPMs)and poultry farms in Guangxi Autonomous Region,China,where near the China-Vietnam border.From November through April 2017-2018 and 2018-2019,we collected environmental samples from 14 LPMs,4 poultry farms,and 5 households with backyard poultry in two counties of Guangxi and tested for avian influenza A,H5,H7,and H9 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(rRT-PCR).In addition,we conducted four cross-sectional questionnaire surveys among stall owners on biosecurity practices in LPMs of two study sites.Among 16,713 environmental specimens collected and tested,the median weekly positive rate for avian influenza A was 53.6%(range=33.5%-66.0%),including 25.2%for H9,4.9%for H5,and 21.2%for other avian influenza viruses A subtypes,whereas a total of two H7 positive samples were detected.Among the 189 LPM stalls investigated,most stall owners(73.0%)sold chickens and ducks.Therefore,continued surveillance of the avian influenza virus is necessary for detecting and responding to emerging trends in avian influenza virus epidemiology.

Overview and Lessons Learned for Increasing Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers in the United States

Vaccinating healthcare workers(HCWs)annually against influenza is a key strategy for protecting HCWs,preventing nosocomial outbreaks and mortality(particularly among high-risk patient populations),and reducing work absenteeism during the influenza season(1–4).Vaccinated HCWs have also been shown to be more likely to recommend influenza vaccination to their patients(5–7).