The 8.0 Mw Wenchuan earthquake triggered widespread and large scale landslides in mountainous regions. An approach was used to map and assess landslide susceptibility in a given area. A numerical rating system was app...The 8.0 Mw Wenchuan earthquake triggered widespread and large scale landslides in mountainous regions. An approach was used to map and assess landslide susceptibility in a given area. A numerical rating system was applied to five factors that contribute to slope instability. Factors such as lithology, topography, streams and faults have an important influence as event-controlling factors for landslide susceptibility assessment. A final map is provided to show areas of low, medium, and high landslide susceptibility. Areas identified as having high landslide susceptibility were located in the central, northeastern, and far south regions of the study area. The assessment results will help decision makers to select safe sites for emergency placement of refuges and plan for future reconstruction. The maps may also be used as a basis for landslide risk management in the study area.展开更多
Reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are one of the mostly common used structural systems, and their seismic performance is largely determined by the performance of columns and beams. This paper describes horiz...Reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are one of the mostly common used structural systems, and their seismic performance is largely determined by the performance of columns and beams. This paper describes horizontal cyclic loading tests often column and three beam specimens, some of which were designed according to the current seismic design code and others were designed according to the early non-seismic Chinese design code, aiming at reporting the behavior of the damaged or collapsed RC frame strctures observed during the Wenchuan earthquake. The effects of axial load ratio, shear span ratio, and transverse and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on hysteresis behavior, ductility and damage progress were incorporated in the experimental study. Test results indicate that the non-seismically designed columns show premature shear failure, and yield larger maximum residual crack widths and more concrete spalling than the seismically designed columns. In addition, longitudinal steel reinforcement rebars were severely buckled. The axial load ratio and shear span ratio proved to be the most important factors affecting the ductility, crack opening width and closing ability, while the longitudinal reinforcement ratio had only a minor effect on column ductility, but exhibited more influence on beam ductility. Finally, the transverse reinforcement ratio did not influence the maximum residual crack width and closing ability of the seismically designed columns.展开更多
Intravenous infusion of fat emulsion as a compo-nent of total parenteral nutrition(TPN)is well estab-lished clinical practice to provide a utilizable energysource and to prevent essential fatty acid deficicncy.Traditi...Intravenous infusion of fat emulsion as a compo-nent of total parenteral nutrition(TPN)is well estab-lished clinical practice to provide a utilizable energysource and to prevent essential fatty acid deficicncy.Traditionally fat emulsions have been prepared usinglong chain triglycerides(LCT)derived from soy beanoil and egg yolk phospholipids.Medium chain triglycerides(MCT)have a rolein enteral nutrition as the result of greater solubilitythan LCT,more rapid absorption directly into Plas-ma,lack of requirement for carnitine to enter mito-chondria and more rapid oxidation than LCT Intra-venous MCT may be provided as mixtures with LCTor as structured lipid in which individual triglyceridescontain both medium and long chain fatty acids,Aswith LCT,intravenous infusion of MCT is followedby formation of a lipoprotein Particle by combinationlwith apocii.MCT must therefore compete with LCTfor hydrolytic sites on lipoprotein lipase.Both in-creased and decreased Plasma clearance rates forMCT/LCT emulsions compared展开更多
基金Research Foundation of SKLGPNational Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No. 40772206973 Program Under Grant No.2008CB425801
文摘The 8.0 Mw Wenchuan earthquake triggered widespread and large scale landslides in mountainous regions. An approach was used to map and assess landslide susceptibility in a given area. A numerical rating system was applied to five factors that contribute to slope instability. Factors such as lithology, topography, streams and faults have an important influence as event-controlling factors for landslide susceptibility assessment. A final map is provided to show areas of low, medium, and high landslide susceptibility. Areas identified as having high landslide susceptibility were located in the central, northeastern, and far south regions of the study area. The assessment results will help decision makers to select safe sites for emergency placement of refuges and plan for future reconstruction. The maps may also be used as a basis for landslide risk management in the study area.
基金National Natural Science Foundation Under Grant No. 50708081 and 90815029Key Project of Chinese National Program for Fundamental Research and Development 2007CB714202Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education 09ZZ32
文摘Reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are one of the mostly common used structural systems, and their seismic performance is largely determined by the performance of columns and beams. This paper describes horizontal cyclic loading tests often column and three beam specimens, some of which were designed according to the current seismic design code and others were designed according to the early non-seismic Chinese design code, aiming at reporting the behavior of the damaged or collapsed RC frame strctures observed during the Wenchuan earthquake. The effects of axial load ratio, shear span ratio, and transverse and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on hysteresis behavior, ductility and damage progress were incorporated in the experimental study. Test results indicate that the non-seismically designed columns show premature shear failure, and yield larger maximum residual crack widths and more concrete spalling than the seismically designed columns. In addition, longitudinal steel reinforcement rebars were severely buckled. The axial load ratio and shear span ratio proved to be the most important factors affecting the ductility, crack opening width and closing ability, while the longitudinal reinforcement ratio had only a minor effect on column ductility, but exhibited more influence on beam ductility. Finally, the transverse reinforcement ratio did not influence the maximum residual crack width and closing ability of the seismically designed columns.
文摘Intravenous infusion of fat emulsion as a compo-nent of total parenteral nutrition(TPN)is well estab-lished clinical practice to provide a utilizable energysource and to prevent essential fatty acid deficicncy.Traditionally fat emulsions have been prepared usinglong chain triglycerides(LCT)derived from soy beanoil and egg yolk phospholipids.Medium chain triglycerides(MCT)have a rolein enteral nutrition as the result of greater solubilitythan LCT,more rapid absorption directly into Plas-ma,lack of requirement for carnitine to enter mito-chondria and more rapid oxidation than LCT Intra-venous MCT may be provided as mixtures with LCTor as structured lipid in which individual triglyceridescontain both medium and long chain fatty acids,Aswith LCT,intravenous infusion of MCT is followedby formation of a lipoprotein Particle by combinationlwith apocii.MCT must therefore compete with LCTfor hydrolytic sites on lipoprotein lipase.Both in-creased and decreased Plasma clearance rates forMCT/LCT emulsions compared
