化学实验安全课程思政教学案例——以实验室常见仪器设备及玻璃装置安全使用为例

实验室常见仪器设备及玻璃装置的安全使用是实验室必备的知识和技能。本案例将专业知识与思政元素有机融合,将实验室常见仪器设备及玻璃装置进行安全实验与实验室安全事故及实际生活相联系,围绕学生核心素养为导向的多融合教学设计与实施,进一步强化了学生的安全与环保意识,激发了学生的学习兴趣,并对MOOC中相应知识进行了延伸、拓展和补充,培养了学生的知识迁移能力,让学生充分认识到实验室仪器设备及玻璃装置安全使用对保障实验安全以及国家安全稳定的重要意义。增强了学生的社会责任感,对提升学生的能力和素质发挥了良好作用。

化学实验安全课程思政的教学设计与探索——以黑龙江大学“化学实验安全”课程为例

分析了当前高校实验室安全教育课程思政存在的问题,阐述了“课程思政”在实验室安全教育中的育人意义,结合实验室安全教育课程的基本特征,总结了课程围绕教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、教学评价、师资队伍五个层面进行的课程思政教学设计与探索。构建的课程思政教学体系在培养学生化学实验安全知识和技能的同时,提升了学生的安全意识、家国情怀、品德修为、科学精神,助力于培养德才兼备的新时代高素质化学人才。

Multiscale Combined Action and Disturbance Characteristics of Pre-summer Extreme Precipitation Events over South China

The dominant frequency modes of pre-summer extreme precipitation events(EPEs)over South China(SC)between1998 and 2018 were investigated.The 67 identified EPEs were all characterized by the 3-8-d(synoptic)frequency band.However,multiscale combined modes of the synoptic and three low-frequency bands[10-20-d(quasi-biweekly,QBW);15-40-d(quasi-monthly,QM);and 20-60-d(intraseasonal)]accounted for the majority(63%)of the EPEs,and the precipitation intensity on the peak wet day was larger than that of the single synoptic mode.It was found that EPEs form within strong southwesterly anomalous flows characterized by either lower-level cyclonic circulation over SC or a deep trough over eastern China.Bandpass-filtered disturbances revealed the direct precipitating systems and their life cycles.Synoptic-scale disturbances are dominated by mid-high latitude troughs,and the cyclonic anomalies originate from downstream of the Tibetan Plateau(TP).Given the warm and moist climate state,synoptic-scale northeasterly flows can even induce EPEs.At the QBW and QM scales,the disturbances originate from the tropical Pacific,downstream of the TP,or mid-high latitudes(QBW only).Each is characterized by cyclonic-anticyclonic wave trains and intense southwesterly flows between them within a region of large horizontal pressure gradient.The intraseasonal disturbances are confined to tropical regions and influence SC by marginal southwesterly flows.It is concluded that low-frequency disturbances provide favorable background conditions for EPEs over SC and synoptic-scale disturbances ultimately induce EPEs on the peak wet days.Both should be simultaneously considered for EPE predictions over SC.

Vertical deformation analysis based on combined adjustment for GNSS and leveling data

A method is proposed to fuse the velocity data of the global navigation satellite system(GNSS) and leveling height via combined adjustment with constraints. First, stable GNSS-leveling points are uniformly selected, and the constraints of the geodetic height change velocity and normal height change velocity are given. Then, the GNSS vertical velocities and leveling height difference are used as observations of combined adjustment, and robust least-squares estimation are used to estimate the velocities of the unknown points. Finally, a vertical movement model is established with the GNSS vertical velocities and leveling vertical velocities obtained via combined adjustment. Data from the second-order leveling network and GNSS control points in Shandong Province are taken as test data, and eight calculation schemes are used for discussion. One of the schemes, the bifactor robust combined adjustment method based on variance component estimation with two kinds of vertical velocity constraints achieves the optimal results. The method applied in the scheme can be recommended for data fusion of GNSS and leveling, further improving the reliability of vertical crustal movement in Shandong Province.

Combination immunotherapy of glioblastoma with dendritic cell cancer vaccines,anti-PD-1 and poly I:C

Glioblastoma(GBM)is a lethal cancer with limited therapeutic options.Dendritic cell(DC)-based cancer vaccines provide a promising approach for GBM treatment.Clinical studies suggest that other immunotherapeutic agents may be combined with DC vaccines to further enhance antitumor activity.Here,we report a GBM case with combination immunotherapy consisting of DC vaccines,anti-programmed death-1(anti-PD-1)and poly I:C as well as the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide that was integrated with standard chemoradiation therapy,and the patient remained disease-free for 69 months.The patient received DC vaccines loaded with multiple forms of tumor antigens,including mRNA-tumor associated antigens(TAA),mRNA-neoantigens,and hypochlorous acid(HOCl)-oxidized tumor lysates.Furthermore,mRNA-TAAs were modified with a novel TriVac technology that fuses TAAs with a destabilization domain and inserts TAAs into full-length lysosomal associated membrane protein-1 to enhance major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class I and II antigen presentation.The treatment consisted of 42 DC cancer vaccine infusions,26 anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab administrations and 126 poly I:C injections for DC infusions.The patient also received 28 doses of cyclophosphamide for depletion of regulatory T cells.No immunotherapy-related adverse events were observed during the treatment.Robust antitumor CD4t and CD8t T-cell responses were detected.The patient remains free of disease progression.This is the first case report on the combination of the above three agents to treat glioblastoma patients.Our results suggest that integrated combination immunotherapy is safe and feasible for long-term treatment in this patient.A large-scale trial to validate these findings is warranted.

自牺牲型金属有机框架衍生In_(2)S_(3)多级孔结构纳米材料强化光催化性能

半导体基光催化是减少对化石燃料的依赖和解决环境污染问题的有前景的策略之一.在光催化有机污染物降解领域,硫化物材料备受关注.其中,In_(2)S_(3)催化剂因展现较好的催化活性及经济可行性,而被认为是光催化降解的理想催化剂之一.然而,采用传统煅烧法制备的In_(2)S_(3)催化剂由于比表面积小,暴露的活性位点有限,进而限制了其催化活性的进一步提升.因此,制备具有较大比表面积和多活性位点的In_(2)S_(3)基催化剂,对于推动光催化降解有机污染物领域的发展具有重要的意义.本文通过构建分级多孔结构的光催化剂,以增强材料的光吸收性能并优化光生载流子的迁移和分离,从而提升光催化降解有机污染物的性能.利用In基金属有机骨架(MOFs)作为自我牺牲模板,通过硫化制备了包括空心纳米管、微管、中空球和十二面体在内的多种分级In_(2)S_(3)光催化剂.分级多孔结构不仅增强了入射光的多次折射和反射,还提供了更大的表面积,从而提高了光生载流子的光利用率和相分离效率.实验结果表明,这些材料的光催化效率远高于块状和商用In_(2)S_(3).通过X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射等手段验证了不同形貌分级多孔In_(2)S_(3)材料的成功制备.紫外-可见漫反射光谱结果表明,所有催化剂均可吸收部分可见光,结合莫特肖特基曲线和XPS价带谱结果,说明催化剂的导带、价带位置均满足光催化降解有机污染物的要求.光致发光光谱、光电流强度曲线和电化学阻抗曲线等研究表明,分级多孔结构有效促进了光生载流子的分离和迁移.光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)和四环素(TC)性能评价结果表明,与块状和商用In_(2)S_(3)相比,具有分级多孔结构的In_(2)S_(3)材料表现出更好的光催化降解活性.其中,空心In_(2)S_(3)纳米管(HNTs)具有最佳的光催化性能,在光照1.5和2 h后,In_(2)S_(3)-HNT可以去除约50%的TC和95%的RhB,其RhB的降解速率分别是块状和商业In_(2)S_(3)的135.6倍和446.9倍,TC的降解速率分别是块状和商业级In_(2)S_(3)的7.8倍和36.5倍.电子顺磁共振和自由基捕获实验结果表明,在光催化降解过程中,空穴、超氧自由基以及单线态氧是主要的活性物种.特别是,当In_(2)S_(3)-HNT受到光照时,其独特的分级多孔结构使得光生电子和空穴对能够有效分离,这使得In_(2)S_(3)-HNT可以积累更多的活性氧自由基,从而显著提升了其光催化降解有机污染物的性能.综上,本文采用新型自牺牲模板法,制备了金属有机框架衍生In_(2)S_(3)多级孔结构纳米材料.通过精准调控In_(2)S_(3)催化剂的形貌,有效提升了光催化降解有机污染物性能.该方法在高效光催化剂的制备上展现了显著潜力,为设计高性能的光催化降解材料提供参考.

碳载体空位工程助力原位合成的Pt纳米枝晶促进电催化氧气还原

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)因其高能量密度、低操作温度和环保等特性,被视为极具潜力的能量转换系统.目前,碳载铂颗粒(Pt/C)是PEMFCs阴极氧还原反应(ORR)中使用最广泛的催化剂.然而,Pt与碳载体间的电子结构差异导致Pt纳米颗粒(Pt NPs)易从碳载体上脱落,严重降低了ORR的催化活性.此外,Pt的高成本和稀缺性也限制了其广泛应用.相比之下,Pt纳米枝晶(NDs)因具有高利用率的表面活性位点而备受关注.然而,Pt NDs的合成通常需要严格控制反应条件,且其与碳基底间的弱相互作用易导致活性位点损失和性能下降.因此,开发具有强金属载体相互作用的Pt复合碳催化剂对PEMFCs的实际应用至关重要.本文通过原位Cl-介导的生长策略,结合碳本征空位工程,成功制备了分散在富含碳本征空位的中空氮掺杂碳基底上的Pt NDs催化剂(Pt@HNC-V-800).拉曼光谱和电子顺磁共振光谱结果表明,碳本征空位的形成机制源于碳基底结构中氮原子的耗散,该过程引起碳原子的重新排列,进而产生了丰富的本征缺陷位点.X射线吸收光谱和X射线光电子能谱结果表明,与无碳空位的Pt@HNC催化剂相比,富含本征碳空位的样品(Pt@HNC-V-800)表现出较低的Pt-Pt键配位数(8.64)和更强的给电子效应.得益于Pt NDs丰富的活性位点及其与本征碳空位基底之间的强电子效应,Pt@HNC-V-800的ORR半波电位高达0.947 V,质量活性和比表面活性分别为1.55 A mg^(-1) Pt和1.85 mA cm^(-2),是商用Pt/C的8.2和6.8倍(0.191 A mg^(-1)Pt和0.27 mA cm^(-2)).加速耐久性测试结果表明,经20000次电势循环后,Pt@HNC-V-800的活性无明显变化,其活性损失远低于无碳本征空位的Pt@HNC材料和商业Pt/C催化剂.因此,与无碳本征空位的Pt@HNC材料相比,Pt@HNC-V-800的ORR活性和稳定性都有较大提升,进一步证实了碳本征空位工程协同Pt NDs策略的优越性.此外,密度泛函理论计算结果表明,Pt@HNC-V的丰富空位降低了氧中间体过电势,优化了ORR中间体在Pt NDs上的吸附能,进而提高了催化剂的ORR本征活性.同时,富碳本征空位的存在增强了Pt NDs在碳载体上的结合能,使Pt NDs不易在电势循环过程中脱离碳载体,从而增强了稳定性.综上所述,本文通过Pt NDs与碳本征空位工程协同效应策略,精准调控碳负载Pt基催化剂的结构,大幅提升其在酸性条件下的ORR性能,为进一步设计高性能的ORR电催化剂提供了新思路.

Maintaining moderate levels of hypochlorous acid promotes neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the recovery phase of stroke

It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke.Indeed,previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain tissue.Our previous studies have found that a small amount of hypochlorous acid still exists in the later stage of stroke,but its specific role and mechanism are currently unclear.To simulate stroke in vivo,a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established,with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established in vitro to mimic stroke.We found that in the early stage(within 24 hours)of ischemic stroke,neutrophils produced a large amount of hypochlorous acid,while in the recovery phase(10 days after stroke),microglia were activated and produced a small amount of hypochlorous acid.Further,in acute stroke in rats,hypochlorous acid production was prevented using a hypochlorous acid scavenger,taurine,or myeloperoxidase inhibitor,4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide.Our results showed that high levels of hypochlorous acid(200μM)induced neuronal apoptosis after oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.However,in the recovery phase of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,a moderate level of hypochlorous acid promoted the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and astrocytes.This suggests that hypochlorous acid plays different roles at different phases of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Lower levels of hypochlorous acid(5 and 100μM)promoted nuclear translocation ofβ-catenin.By transfection of single-site mutation plasmids,we found that hypochlorous acid induced chlorination of theβ-catenin tyrosine 30 residue,which promoted nuclear translocation.Altogether,our study indicates that maintaining low levels of hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the recovery of neurological function.

Instrumented oscillographic study on impact toughness of an axle steel DZ2 with different tempering temperatures

Compared with the conventional Charpy impact test method,the oscillographic impact test can help in the behavioral analysis of materials during the fracture process.In this study,the trade-off relationship between the strength and toughness of a DZ2 axle steel at various tempering temperatures and the cause of the improvement in impact toughness was evaluated.The tempering process dramatically influenced carbide precipitation behavior,which resulted in different aspect ratios of carbides.Impact toughness improved along with the rise in tempering temperature mainly due to the increase in energy required in impact crack propagation.The characteristics of the impact crack propagation process were studied through a comprehensive analysis of stress distribution,oscilloscopic impact statistics,fracture morphology,and carbide morphology.The poor impact toughness of low-tempering-temperature specimens was attributed to the increased number of stress concentration points caused by carbide morphology in the small plastic zone during the propagation process,which resulted in a mixed distribution of brittle and ductile fractures on the fracture surface.

Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability

Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work.During the last 60 years,designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research.Effective progress has been made,attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry,biology and nanotechnology,and informatics.However,individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality.In order to address these problems,collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm.In this review,we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines.In particular,collective behavior is divided into two paradigms.One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials.The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations.We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties.Subsequently,in order to address existing challenges,the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented,offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.

A modified back analysis method for deep excavation with multi-objective optimization procedure

Real-time prediction of excavation-induced displacement of retaining pile during the deep excavation process is crucial for construction safety.This paper proposes a modified back analysis method with multi-objective optimization procedure,which enables a real-time prediction of horizontal displacement of retaining pile during construction.As opposed to the traditional stage-by-stage back analysis,time series monitoring data till the current excavation stage are utilized to form a multi-objective function.Then,the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is applied for parameter identification.The optimized model parameters are immediately adopted to predict the excavation-induced pile deformation in the continuous construction stages.To achieve efficient parameter optimization and real-time prediction of system behavior,the back propagation neural network (BPNN) is established to substitute the finite element model,which is further implemented together with MOPSO for automatic operation.The proposed approach is applied in the Taihu tunnel excavation project,where the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated via the comparisons with the site monitoring data.The method is reliable with a prediction accuracy of more than 90%.Moreover,different optimization algorithms,including non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II),Pareto Envelope-based Selection Algorithm II (PESA-II) and MOPSO,are compared,and their influences on the prediction accuracy at different excavation stages are studied.The results show that MOPSO has the best performance for high dimensional optimization task.

A Neural-network-based Alternative Scheme to Include Nonhydrostatic Processes in an Atmospheric Dynamical Core

Here,a nonhydrostatic alternative scheme(NAS)is proposed for the grey zone where the nonhydrostatic impact on the atmosphere is evident but not large enough to justify the necessity to include an implicit nonhydrostatic solver in an atmospheric dynamical core.The NAS is designed to replace this solver,which can be incorporated into any hydrostatic models so that existing well-developed hydrostatic models can effectively serve for a longer time.Recent advances in machine learning(ML)provide a potential tool for capturing the main complicated nonlinear-nonhydrostatic relationship.In this study,an ML approach called a neural network(NN)was adopted to select leading input features and develop the NAS.The NNs were trained and evaluated with 12-day simulation results of dry baroclinic-wave tests by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model.The forward time difference of the nonhydrostatic tendency was used as the target variable,and the five selected features were the nonhydrostatic tendency at the last time step,and four hydrostatic variables at the current step including geopotential height,pressure in two different forms,and potential temperature,respectively.Finally,a practical NAS was developed with these features and trained layer by layer at a 20-km horizontal resolution,which can accurately reproduce the temporal variation and vertical distribution of the nonhydrostatic tendency.Corrected by the NN-based NAS,the improved hydrostatic solver at different horizontal resolutions can run stably for at least one month and effectively reduce most of the nonhydrostatic errors in terms of system bias,anomaly root-mean-square error,and the error of the wave spatial pattern,which proves the feasibility and superiority of this scheme.

Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols alleviate metabolic syndrome and modulate gut microbiota of ob/ob mice

Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols(SLP)have been demonstrated to have diverse health-promoting benefits,but the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the anti-metabolic disease effects of SLP and the underlying mechanisms in mice.In the current study,we prepared the SLP mainly consisting of three flavonoid glycosides,three phenol derivatives,and two lignans including one new compound,and further demonstrated that SLP reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation,improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,ameliorated hepatic steatosis,and regulated short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production and secondary bile acids metabolism in ob/ob mice.Notably,SLP largely altered the gut microbiota composition,especially enriching the commensal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens.Oral gavage with the above two strains ameliorated metabolic syndrome(MetS),regulated secondary bile acid metabolism,and increased the production of SCFAs in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.These results demonstrated that SLP could be used as a prebiotic to attenuate MetS via regulating gut microbiota composition and further activating the secondary bile acids-mediated gut-adipose axis.

Angular and planar transport properties of antiferromagnetic V_(5)S_(8)

Systemically angular and planar transport investigations are performed in layered antiferromagnetic(AF)V_(5)S_(8).In this AF system,obvious anomalous Hall effect(AHE)is observed with a large Hall angle of 0.1 compared to that in ferromagnetic(FM)system.It can persist to the temperatures above AF transition and exhibit strong angular field dependence.The phase diagram reveals various magnetic states by rotating the applied field.By analyzing the anisotropic transport behavior,magnon contributions are revealed and exhibit obvious angular dependence with a spin-flop vanishing line.The observed prominent planar Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresisitivity exhibit two-fold systematical angular dependent oscillations.These behaviors are attributed to the scattering from spin–orbital coupling instead of nontrivial topological origin.Our results reveal anisotropic interactions of magnetism and electron in V5S8,suggesting potential opportunities for the AF spintronic sensor and devices.

Role of oncogenic long noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 in colon cancer

The role of lncRNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1(KCNQ1OT1)in colon cancer involves various tumorigenic processes and has been studed widely.However,the mechanism by which it promotes colon cancer remains unclear.Retrovirnl vector pSEB61 was retroftted in established HCT116 siKCN and SW480-siKCN cells to silence KCNQ1 OT1.Cellular proliferation was measured using CCK8 assay,and flow cytometry(FCM)detected cell cydle changes.RNA sequencing(RNA Seq)analysis showed differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to analyze enriched functions and signaling pathways.RT-qPCR,immunofluorescence,and western blotting were carried out to validate downstream gene expressions.The effects of tumorigenesis were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice by tumor xenografts.Our data revealed that the silencing of KONQ1OT1 in HCT116 and SW480 cells slowed cell growth and decreased the number of cells in the G2/M phase.RNA-Seq analysis showed the data of DEGs enriched in various GO and KEGG pathways such as DNA replication and cell cyde.RT qPCR,immunofluorescence,and western blotting confirmed downstream CCNE2 and PCNA gene expressions.HCT116 siKCN cells signifcantly suppressed tumorigenesis in BALB/c nude mice.Our study suggests that lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.

Progress and future prospects of decadal prediction and data assimilation:A review

年代际预测,也称为“近期气候预测”,旨在预测未来1-10年内的气候变化,是气候预测和气候变化研究领域的一个新关注点.它位于季节至年际预测和长期气候变化预测之间,结合了初值问题和外部强迫问题的两个方面.年代际预测的核心技术在于用于模式初始化的同化方法的准确性和效率,其目标是为模式提供准确的初始条件,其中包含观测到的气候系统内部变率,年代际预测的初始化通常涉及在耦合框架内同化海洋观测,其中观测到的信号通过耦合过程传递到其他分量,如大气和海冰.然而,最近的研究越来越关注在海洋-大气耦合模式中探索耦合数据同化(CDA),有人认为CDA有潜力显著提高年代际预测技巧.本文综合评述了该领域的三个方面的研究现状:初始化方法,年代际气候预测的可预测性和预测技巧,以及年代际预测的未来发展和挑战.

Heart Failure-Like Reaction Is Likely Involved in the Feeding Behaviour of Blood-Sucking Leeches

Medicinal leeches have been utilized in therapy for thousands of years. However, the adaptation physiology between leeches and hosts is not fully understand. To disclose the molecular mechanisms of adaptation between leech and host, the body transcriptomes of hunger and fed blood-sucking Poecilobdella javanica, Haemadipsa cavatuses, and Hirudo nipponia leeches were obtained by RNA sequencing, after comparison, a stratified unigenes group was obtained, which closely correlated to body distension. In the group, Rfamide receptor decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while serotonin receptor increased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, four KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, including cardiac muscle contraction, complement and coagulation cascades, renin-angiotensin system, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were significantly enriched. The unigenes annotation, neuroregulators correlation analysis and induced function of the KEGG pathways, were consistently supported the same result as: vasoconstriction and systole reaction enhance in hunger leeches and vice versa vasodilation and diastole increase in fed leeches, meanwhile, Interspecific comparison and correlative analyses of physiological function showed that the strongest reaction of induced heart failure from four KEGG occur in strongest reaction of systole in hungry P. javanica and in strongest reaction of diastole in fed H. nipponia. Overall, heart failure is likely a physiological function involved in feeding behaviour.

中国式现代化背景下新型工业化的现实挑战与实现路径

工业化为现代化提供了坚实的物质保障和生产力支撑。不同时期推进现代化建设的任务不尽相同。新时代新征程,加快推进新型工业化是中国式现代化进程中的关键任务。本文阐述了推进中国式现代化目标任务及战略要求下,新型工业化所面临的新形势新挑战,并提出了以新型工业化推动中国式现代化建设的实现路径,包括“坚持创新驱动,加快形成新质生产力”“坚持统筹协调,注重发展的整体性”“坚持绿色低碳,助力实现‘双碳’目标”“坚持高水平开放,激发工业发展新活力”“坚持共创共享,实现发展成果全体人民共享”这五个方面。

Degradation of acephate using combined ultrasonic and ozonation method

The degradation of acephate in aqueous solutions was investigated with the ultrasonic and ozonation methods, as well as a combination of both. An experimental facility was designed and operation parameters such as the ultrasonic power, temperature, and gas flow rate were strictly controlled at constant levels. The frequency of the ultrasonic wave was 160 kHz. The ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） spectroscopic and Raman spectroscopic techniques were used in the experiment. The UV-Vis spectroscopic results show that ultrasonication and ozonation have a syn- ergistic effect in the combined system. The degradation efficiency of acephate increases from 60.6% to 87.6% after the solution is irradiated by a 160 kHz ultrasonic wave for 60 min in the ozonation process, and it is higher with the combined method than the sum of the separated ultrasonic and ozonation methods. Raman spectra studies show that degradation via the combined ultrasonic/ozonation method is more thorough than photocatalysis. The oxidability of nitrogen atoms is promoted under ultrasonic waves. Changes of the inorganic ions and degradation pathway during the degradation process were investigated in this study. Most final products are innocuous to the environment.

Anti-tumor effect of LTA combined with 5-FU on H22 tumor bearing mice

Objective: To study the effect of lipoteichoic acid(LTA) and 5-FU on the expression of caspase-3, EGFR, TGF-α proteins of tumor tissue of H22 cancer bearing mice and its antitumor mechanism. Methods: A total of 40 SPF grade Kunming mice were selected to establish H22 liver cancer model, and then the mice were divided into 4 groups at random with ten mice in each group. Group A was given saline lavage treatment, Group B was treated with 5-FU by intraperitomeal injection, Group C was treated with LTA by lump body injection; Group D was treated with LTA by lump body injection and 5-FU by intraperitomeal injection. Two weeks after the treatment, the mice in each group were executed and the tumor tissue was stripping and weighted, and the tumor growth inhibition ratio was calculated. Then the tumor tissue was processed for conventional embedding, sectioned to observe the expression of caspase-3, EGFR, TGF-α by immunohistochemical staining method. Results: The tumor inhibitory rate o f Group D was significantly higher than Groups B and C(P<0.05); B, the tumor inhibitory rate o f Group B had no statistical difference compared with Group C(P>0.05). The IDO values of TGF-α, EGFR proteins in Groups B, C, D mice tumor tissue were significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05); while IDO value of caspase-3 in Groups B, C, D group mice tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in Group A(P<0.05). The IDO value of TGF-α, EGFR in Group D mice tumor tissue were significantly lower than that in Groups B and C; While IDO value of aspase-3 in Group D was significantly higher than that in Groups B and C(P<0.05). Conclusions: LTA combined with 5-FU can effectively inhibit the tumorigenesis of H22 tumor bearing mice, increase the caspase-3 protein expression, inhibit TGF –α and EGFR protein expression, further promote tumor cell apoptosis and play a synergistic antitumor effect.