ROS and nerves play together during the regeneration process： For many years, the role of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in neurobiology has mainly focused on its pathological implications in neurodegenerative disea...ROS and nerves play together during the regeneration process： For many years, the role of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in neurobiology has mainly focused on its pathological implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Contrasting with this view, ROS were recently put forward as key positive signals for axon growth and repair, highlighting beneficial functions of ROS signalling in the vertebrate adult brain （Borquez et al., 2016）.展开更多
Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)is a chronic cholestatic liver disease for which an autoimmune pathogenesis is supported by clinical and experimental data,including the presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cell...Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)is a chronic cholestatic liver disease for which an autoimmune pathogenesis is supported by clinical and experimental data,including the presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells.The etiology remains to be determined,yet data suggest that both a susceptible genetic background and unknown environmental factors determine disease onset.Multiple infectious and chemical candidates have been proposed to trigger the disease in a genetically susceptible host,mostly by molecular mimicry.Most recently,several murine models have been reported,including genetically determined models as well as models induced by immunization with xenobiotics and bacteria.展开更多
The etiology of autoimmune diseases remains largely unknown.Concordance rates in monozygotic twins are lower than 50% while genome-wide association studies propose numerous significant associations representing only a...The etiology of autoimmune diseases remains largely unknown.Concordance rates in monozygotic twins are lower than 50% while genome-wide association studies propose numerous significant associations representing only a minority of patients.These lines of evidence strongly support other complementary mechanisms involved in the regulation of genes expression ultimately causing overt autoimmunity.Alterations in the post-translational modification of histones and DNA methylation are the two major epigenetic mechanisms that may potentially cause a breakdown of immune tolerance and the perpetuation of autoimmune diseases.In recent years,several studies both in clinical settings and experimental models proposed that the epigenome may hold the key to a better understanding of autoimmunity initiation and perpetuation.More specifically,data support the impact of epigenetic changes in systemic lupus erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis,multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases,in some cases based on mechanistical observations.We herein discuss what we currently know and what we expect will come in the next future.Ultimately,epigenetic treatments already being used in oncology may soon prove beneficial also in autoimmune diseases.展开更多
文摘ROS and nerves play together during the regeneration process： For many years, the role of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in neurobiology has mainly focused on its pathological implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Contrasting with this view, ROS were recently put forward as key positive signals for axon growth and repair, highlighting beneficial functions of ROS signalling in the vertebrate adult brain （Borquez et al., 2016）.
文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)is a chronic cholestatic liver disease for which an autoimmune pathogenesis is supported by clinical and experimental data,including the presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells.The etiology remains to be determined,yet data suggest that both a susceptible genetic background and unknown environmental factors determine disease onset.Multiple infectious and chemical candidates have been proposed to trigger the disease in a genetically susceptible host,mostly by molecular mimicry.Most recently,several murine models have been reported,including genetically determined models as well as models induced by immunization with xenobiotics and bacteria.
基金This work was supported by the American Liver Foundation(CS)and NIH R21DK075400(CS)AB receives salary support from New Investigator funding from the HSPH-NIEHS Center for Environmental Health(ES000002).
文摘The etiology of autoimmune diseases remains largely unknown.Concordance rates in monozygotic twins are lower than 50% while genome-wide association studies propose numerous significant associations representing only a minority of patients.These lines of evidence strongly support other complementary mechanisms involved in the regulation of genes expression ultimately causing overt autoimmunity.Alterations in the post-translational modification of histones and DNA methylation are the two major epigenetic mechanisms that may potentially cause a breakdown of immune tolerance and the perpetuation of autoimmune diseases.In recent years,several studies both in clinical settings and experimental models proposed that the epigenome may hold the key to a better understanding of autoimmunity initiation and perpetuation.More specifically,data support the impact of epigenetic changes in systemic lupus erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis,multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases,in some cases based on mechanistical observations.We herein discuss what we currently know and what we expect will come in the next future.Ultimately,epigenetic treatments already being used in oncology may soon prove beneficial also in autoimmune diseases.
