The transition of traits between genetically related lineages is a fascinating topic that provides clues to understanding the drivers of speciation and diversification.Much can be learned about this process from phylo...The transition of traits between genetically related lineages is a fascinating topic that provides clues to understanding the drivers of speciation and diversification.Much can be learned about this process from phylogeny-based trait evolution.However,such inference is often plagued by genome-wide gene-tree discordance(GTD),mostly due to incomplete lineage sorting(ILS)and/or introgressive hybridization,especially when the genes underlying the traits appear discordant.Here,by collecting transcriptomes,whole chloroplast genomes(cpDNA),and population genetic datasets,we used the coalescent model to turn GTD into a source of information for ILS and employed hemiplasy to explain specific cases of apparent“phylogenetic discordance”between different morphological traits and probable species phylogeny in the Allium subg.Cyathophora.Both concatenation and coalescence methods consistently showed the same phylogenetic topology for species tree inference based on single-copy genes(SCGs),as supported by the KS distribution.However,GTD was high across the genomes of subg.Cyathophora:~27%e38.9%of the SCG trees were in conflict with the species tree.Plasmid and nuclear incongruence was also present.Our coalescent simulations indicated that such GTD was mainly a product of ILS.Our hemiplasy risk factor calculations supported that random fixation of ancient polymorphisms in different populations during successive speciation events along the subg.Cyathophora phylogeny may have caused the character transition,as well as the anomalous cpDNA tree.Our study exemplifies how phylogenetic noise can be transformed into evolutionary information for understanding character state transitions along species phylogenies.展开更多
Carbazole is an irreplaceable basic organic chemical raw material and intermediate in industry.The separation of carbazole from anthracene oil by environmental benign solvents is important but still a challenge in che...Carbazole is an irreplaceable basic organic chemical raw material and intermediate in industry.The separation of carbazole from anthracene oil by environmental benign solvents is important but still a challenge in chemical engineering.Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a sustainable green separation solvent have been proposed for the separation of carbazole from model anthracene oil.In this research,three quaternary ammonium-based DESs were prepared using ethylene glycol (EG) as hydrogen bond donor and tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC),tetrabutylammonium bromide or choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptors.To explore their extraction performance of carbazole,the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) model was used to predict the activity coefficient at infinite dilution (γ^(∞)) of carbazole in DESs,and the result indicated TBAC:EG (1:2) had the stronger extraction ability for carbazole due to the higher capacity at infinite dilution (C^(∞)) value.Then,the separation performance of these three DESs was evaluated by experiments,and the experimental results were in good agreement with the COSMO-RS prediction results.The TBAC:EG (1:2) was determined as the most promising solvent.Additionally,the extraction conditions of TBAC:EG (1:2) were optimized,and the extraction efficiency,distribution coefficient and selectivity of carbazole could reach up to 85.74%,30.18 and 66.10%,respectively.Moreover,the TBAC:EG (1:2) could be recycled by using environmentally friendly water as antisolvent.In addition,the separation performance of TBAC:EG (1:2) was also evaluated by real crude anthracene,the carbazole was obtained with purity and yield of 85.32%,60.27%,respectively.Lastly,the extraction mechanism was elucidated byσ-profiles and interaction energy analysis.Theoretical calculation results showed that the main driving force for the extraction process was the hydrogen bonding ((N–H...Cl) and van der Waals interactions (C–H...O and C–H...π),which corresponding to the blue and green isosurfaces in IGMH analysis.This work presented a novel method for separating carbazole from crude anthracene oil,and will provide an important reference for the separation of other high value-added products from coal tar.展开更多
The increasing awareness of environmental concerns has prompted a surge in the exploration of leadfree,high-power ceramic capacitors.Ongoing efforts to develop leadfree dielectric ceramics with exceptional energystora...The increasing awareness of environmental concerns has prompted a surge in the exploration of leadfree,high-power ceramic capacitors.Ongoing efforts to develop leadfree dielectric ceramics with exceptional energystorage performance(ESP)have predominantly relied on multicomponent composite strategies,often accomplished under ultrahigh electric fields.However,this approach poses challenges in insulation and system downsizing due to the necessary working voltage under such conditions.Despite extensive study,bulk ceramics of(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))TiO_(3)(BNT),a prominent lead-free dielectric ceramic family,have seldom achieved a recoverable energy-storage(ES)density(Wrec)exceeding 7 J cm^(−3).This study introduces a novel approach to attain ceramic capacitors with high ESP under moderate electric fields by regulating permittivity based on a linear dielectric model,enhancing insulation quality,and engineering domain structures through chemical formula optimization.The incorporation of SrTiO_(3)(ST)into the BNT matrix is revealed to reduce the dielectric constant,while the addition of Bi(Mg_(2/3)Nb_(1/3))O_(3)(BMN)aids in maintaining polarization.Additionally,the study elucidates the methodology to achieve high ESP at moderate electric fields ranging from 300 to 500 kV cm^(−1).In our optimized composition,0.5(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.4)K_(0.1))TiO_(3)–0.5(2/3ST-1/3BMN)(B-0.5SB)ceramics,we achieved a Wrec of 7.19 J cm^(−3) with an efficiency of 93.8%at 460 kV cm^(−1).Impressively,the B-0.5SB ceramics exhibit remarkable thermal stability between 30 and 140℃ under 365 kV cm^(−1),maintaining a Wrec exceeding 5 J cm^(−3).This study not only establishes the B-0.5SB ceramics as promising candidates for ES materials but also demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing ESP by modifying the dielectric constant under specific electric field conditions.Simultaneously,it provides valuable insights for the future design of ceramic capacitors with high ESP under constraints of limited electric field.展开更多
Artificially controlling the solid-state precipitation in aluminum (Al) alloys is an efficient way to achieve well-performed properties,and the microalloying strategy is the most frequently adopted method for such a p...Artificially controlling the solid-state precipitation in aluminum (Al) alloys is an efficient way to achieve well-performed properties,and the microalloying strategy is the most frequently adopted method for such a purpose.In this paper,recent advances in lengthscale-dependent scandium (Sc) microalloying effects in Al-Cu model alloys are reviewed.In coarse-grained Al-Cu alloys,the Sc-aided Cu/Sc/vacancies complexes that act as heterogeneous nuclei and Sc segregation at the θ′-Al_(2)Cu/matrix interface that reduces interfacial energy contribute significantly to θ′precipitation.By grain size refinement to the fine/ultrafine-grained scale,the strongly bonded Cu/Sc/vacancies complexes inhibit Cu and vacancy diffusing toward grain boundaries,promoting the desired intragranular θ′precipitation.At nanocrystalline scale,the applied high strain producing high-density vacancies results in the formation of a large quantity of (Cu Sc,vacancy)-rich atomic complexes with high thermal stability,outstandingly improving the strength/ductility synergy and preventing the intractable low-temperature precipitation.This review recommends the use of microalloying technology to modify the precipitation behaviors toward better combined mechanical properties and thermal stability in Al alloys.展开更多
Simulating the total ionizing dose(TID)of an electrical system using transistor-level models can be difficult and expensive,particularly for digital-integrated circuits(ICs).In this study,a method for modeling TID eff...Simulating the total ionizing dose(TID)of an electrical system using transistor-level models can be difficult and expensive,particularly for digital-integrated circuits(ICs).In this study,a method for modeling TID effects in complementary metaloxide semiconductor(CMOS)digital ICs based on the input/output buffer information specification(IBIS)was proposed.The digital IC was first divided into three parts based on its internal structure:the input buffer,output buffer,and functional area.Each of these three parts was separately modeled.Using the IBIS model,the transistor V-I characteristic curves of the buffers were processed,and the physical parameters were extracted and modeled using VHDL-AMS.In the functional area,logic functions were modeled in VHDL according to the data sheet.A golden digital IC model was developed by combining the input buffer,output buffer,and functional area models.Furthermore,the golden ratio was reconstructed based on TID experimental data,enabling the assessment of TID effects on the threshold voltage,carrier mobility,and time series of the digital IC.TID experiments were conducted using a CMOS non-inverting multiplexer,NC7SZ157,and the results were compared with the simulation results,which showed that the relative errors were less than 2%at each dose point.This confirms the practicality and accuracy of the proposed modeling method.The TID effect model for digital ICs developed using this modeling technique includes both the logical function of the IC and changes in electrical properties and functional degradation impacted by TID,which has potential applications in the design of radiation-hardening tolerance in digital ICs.展开更多
In the present study,we propose the synonymization of Kurixalus silvaenaias with Kurixalus qionglaiensis.This conclusion is based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis of a series of newly collected s...In the present study,we propose the synonymization of Kurixalus silvaenaias with Kurixalus qionglaiensis.This conclusion is based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis of a series of newly collected specimens,as well as the type series of both nomenclatures.The publication dates of the two species were determined according to the related articles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.Of note,the ZooBank registrations for both species are invalid.Consequently,the publication of K.silvaenaias does not qualify as a published work and the correct publication date of K.qionglaiensis should be the date on which it was physically printed.Furthermore,based on the results presented in this study and its original description,the proposal of K.inexpectatus is deemed untenable and should,therefore,be considered a junior synonym of K.idiootocus.We further provide suggestions for the authors,editors,and publishers who are working on taxonomic publications,as well as for ZooBank to improve the registering service.展开更多
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.However,information on stroke-related tongue coating microbiome(TCM)is limited,and whether TCM modulation could benefit for stroke prevention and r...Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.However,information on stroke-related tongue coating microbiome(TCM)is limited,and whether TCM modulation could benefit for stroke prevention and rehabilitation is unknown.Here,TCM from stroke patients(SP)was characterized using molecular techniques.The occurrence of stroke resulted in TCM dysbiosis with significantly reduced species richness and diversity.The abundance of Prevotella,Leptotrichia,Actinomyces,Alloprevotella,Haemophilus,and TM7_[G-1]were greatly reduced,but common infection Streptococcus and Pseudomonas were remarkably increased.Furthermore,an antioxidative probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113 was used for TCM intervention in stroke rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).AR113 partly restored I/R induced change of TCM and gut microbiota with significantly improved neurological deficit,relieved histopathologic change,increased activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased contents of oxidative stress biomarkers.Moreover,the gene expression of antioxidant-related proteins and apoptosis-related factors heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1),and Bcl-2 was significantly increased,but cytochrome C,cleaved caspase-3,and Bax were markedly decreased in the brain by AR113 treatment.The results suggested that AR113 could ameliorate cerebral I/R injury through antioxidation and anti-apoptosis pathways,and AR113 intervention of TCM may have the application potential for stroke prevention and control.展开更多
The role of lncRNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1(KCNQ1OT1)in colon cancer involves various tumorigenic processes and has been studed widely.However,the mechanism by which it promotes colon cancer remain...The role of lncRNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1(KCNQ1OT1)in colon cancer involves various tumorigenic processes and has been studed widely.However,the mechanism by which it promotes colon cancer remains unclear.Retrovirnl vector pSEB61 was retroftted in established HCT116 siKCN and SW480-siKCN cells to silence KCNQ1 OT1.Cellular proliferation was measured using CCK8 assay,and flow cytometry(FCM)detected cell cydle changes.RNA sequencing(RNA Seq)analysis showed differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to analyze enriched functions and signaling pathways.RT-qPCR,immunofluorescence,and western blotting were carried out to validate downstream gene expressions.The effects of tumorigenesis were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice by tumor xenografts.Our data revealed that the silencing of KONQ1OT1 in HCT116 and SW480 cells slowed cell growth and decreased the number of cells in the G2/M phase.RNA-Seq analysis showed the data of DEGs enriched in various GO and KEGG pathways such as DNA replication and cell cyde.RT qPCR,immunofluorescence,and western blotting confirmed downstream CCNE2 and PCNA gene expressions.HCT116 siKCN cells signifcantly suppressed tumorigenesis in BALB/c nude mice.Our study suggests that lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of LW-AFC,a new formula of the main active components extracted fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on treatment of Alzheimer disease(AD) in mouse models.METHODS After treatment LW-AFC,mic...OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of LW-AFC,a new formula of the main active components extracted fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on treatment of Alzheimer disease(AD) in mouse models.METHODS After treatment LW-AFC,mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments.Neuron loss,amyloid-β(Αβ) deposition,and Αβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining,immunofluorescence,and an Alpha LISA assay,respectively.Multiplex bead analysis,a radioimmunoassay,immunochemiluminometry,and an ELISA were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels.Lymphocyte subsets were detected using flow cytometry.RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1 mice,including the impairment of object recognition memory,spatial learning and memory,and active and passive avoidance.In addition,LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus,suppressed Αβ deposition in the brain,and reduced the concentration of Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice.LW-AFC treatment also significantly decreased the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus,and adrenocorticotropic hormone,luteinizing hormone,and follicle-stimulating hormone in the pituitary.Moreover,LW-AFC increased CD8+CD28+T cells,and reduced CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+T cells in the spleen lymphocytes,down-regulated interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-23,granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor,and tumor necrosis factor-α and-β,and up-regulated IL-4 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the plasma of APP/PS1 mice.CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of APP/PS1 transgenic micevia the restoration of the NIM network to a greater extent than either memantineor donepezil,which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC,a new formula derived fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice,a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease(AD),and iden...OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC,a new formula derived fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice,a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease(AD),and identify the specific intestinal microbiota correlating with cognitive ability.METHODS Morris-water maze test,novel object recognition test and shuttle-box test were conducted to observe the ability of learning and memory.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing(Illumina,San Diego,CA,USA)was employed to investigate gut microbiota.RESULTS The treatment of LW-AFC improved cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice,including spatial learning and memory ability,active avoidance response,and object recognition memory capability.Our data indicated that there were significantly 8 increased and 12 decreased operational taxonomic units(OTUs)in the gut microbiota of SAMP8 mice compared with senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1(SAMR1) strains,the control of SAMP8 mice.The treatment of LW-AFC altered 22(16 increased and 6 decreased)OTUs in SAMP8 mice and among them,15 OTUs could be reversed by LW-AFC treatment resulting in a microbial composition similar to that of SAMR1 mice.We further showed that there were7(3 negative and 4 positive correlation)OTUs significantly correlated with all the three types of cognitive abilities,at the order level,including Bacteroidales,Clostridiales,Desulfovibrionales,CW040,and two unclassified orders.LW-AFC had influences on bacterial taxa correlated with the abilities of learning and memory in SAMP8 mice and restored them to SAMR1 mice.CONCLUSION The effects of LW-AFC on improving cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice might be via modulating intestinal microbiome and LW-AFC could be used as a potential anti-AD agent.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease(AD),the most common cause of dementia among older people,could not be prevented,halted,or reversed up till now.A large body of pharmacological study has revealed that Liuwei Dihuang(LW) pos...OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease(AD),the most common cause of dementia among older people,could not be prevented,halted,or reversed up till now.A large body of pharmacological study has revealed that Liuwei Dihuang(LW) possesses potential therapeutic effects on AD.LW-AFC is key fractions fromLW.In the present study,we investigated the effect of LW-AFC on AD mouse models.METHODS PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9(APP/PS1) mice and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain(SAMP8),classic AD animal models,were employed.After the treatment of LW-AFC,mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments.Neuron loss,amyloid-β(Αβ)deposition,and Αβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining,immunofluorescence,and an AlphaLISA assay,respectively.Multiplex bead analysis,a radioimmunoassay,immunochemiluminometry,and an ELISA were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels.Lymphocyte subsets were detected using fl ow cytometry.RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice,including the impairment of object recognition memory,spatial learning and memory,and active and passive avoidance.In addition,LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus,suppressed amyloid-β(Αβ) deposition in the brain,and reduced the concentration of Aβ1-42 in the hippo.campus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice.LW-AFC treatment also significantly restored the imbalance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal(HPG) axis,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes,corrected the disorder of lymphocyte subsets,and regulated the abnormal production of cytokine in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice.Effects of LW-AFC on pharmacodynamics and neuroendocrine immunomodulation network in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice were better than meman.tine and donepezil.CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of AD mouse models via the restoration of the NIM network,which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanisms of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(LW) on cognition in PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9(APP/PS1) transgenic mice.METHODS LW was adminis.trated with oral for 3 months.The locomotor acti...OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanisms of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(LW) on cognition in PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9(APP/PS1) transgenic mice.METHODS LW was adminis.trated with oral for 3 months.The locomotor activity test was performed to investigate the spontaneous motor activity of mice.The Morris water maze test and shuttle box test were performed to investigate the spatial learning and memory and active avoidance response respectively.The Αβ deposits and neuron loss in the hippocampus was detected by immunofluorescence staining and nissl staining respectively.The flow cytometry was employed to investigate the lymphocyte subsets of the mice.The 3 H-thymidine incorporation was performed to investigate the splenocytes proliferation.RESULTS The treatment of LW ameliorated the impairments of spatial learning and memory and active and passive avoidance in APP/PS1 mice.The administration of LW alleviated neuron loss in the brain,suppressed amyloid-β(Αβ) deposits in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.The treatment of LW significantly increased ConAand LPS-induced proliferation of splenocytes,increased CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells in the spleen lymphocytes and reduced Gr1+ cells in APP/PS1 mice.CONCLUSION This data indicated the adminis.tration of LW ameliorated behavioral and pathological deterioration via regulating immune function.展开更多
The large dual-channel wide-bodied aircraft has a long range and a high cruise Mach number.Therefore,its aerodynamic design requires a high level ofwind tunnel test refinement.Based on the requirements of aerodynamic ...The large dual-channel wide-bodied aircraft has a long range and a high cruise Mach number.Therefore,its aerodynamic design requires a high level ofwind tunnel test refinement.Based on the requirements of aerodynamic design for the future wide-bodied aircraft and the characteristics of high-speed wind tunnel tests,the error theory is introduced to analyze the factors affecting the accuracy of the test data.This study carries out a series of research on the improvement of refined aerodynamic test technology in an FL-26 wind tunnel,including design and optimization of the support system of wide-bodied aircraft,model attitude angle measurement,Mach number control accuracy,measurement and control system stability,test data correction and perfection,high-precision force balance and standard model development.In addition,the effect of the standard specification of the refined aerodynamic test is investigated to improve the data quality.The research findings have been applied in the standard model test and subsequent models of wide-bodied aircraft.The results show that whenMach numbers are less than 0.9,the control accuracy of Mach numbers in the FL-26 wind tunnel is smaller than 0.001 and the measurement error of attack angle is smaller than 0.01°.Therefore,it has the ability to correct the data influenced by factors,such as support/wall interference,model deformation,floating resistance and airflow deflection angle.The repeatability accuracy of the standard model’s comparison test shows that the lift coefficient is less than or equal to 0.0012,the drag coefficient is less than or equal to 0.00004,pitching moment coefficient is less than or equal to 0.0004.The bending resolution of the model’s deformation measurement is less than 0.2 mm,and the tensional deformation is smaller than 0.04°.The revised aerodynamic data and model deformation measurement results have good agreement with that of the ETW wind tunnel.The results demonstrate that the improved technology presented in this paper can significantly enhance the refined aerodynamic test of wide-bodied aircraft.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Science & Technology Project of Gansu Province (22ZD6NA007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD2200202)Computing support was provided by the Supercomputing Center of Lanzhou University
文摘The transition of traits between genetically related lineages is a fascinating topic that provides clues to understanding the drivers of speciation and diversification.Much can be learned about this process from phylogeny-based trait evolution.However,such inference is often plagued by genome-wide gene-tree discordance(GTD),mostly due to incomplete lineage sorting(ILS)and/or introgressive hybridization,especially when the genes underlying the traits appear discordant.Here,by collecting transcriptomes,whole chloroplast genomes(cpDNA),and population genetic datasets,we used the coalescent model to turn GTD into a source of information for ILS and employed hemiplasy to explain specific cases of apparent“phylogenetic discordance”between different morphological traits and probable species phylogeny in the Allium subg.Cyathophora.Both concatenation and coalescence methods consistently showed the same phylogenetic topology for species tree inference based on single-copy genes(SCGs),as supported by the KS distribution.However,GTD was high across the genomes of subg.Cyathophora:~27%e38.9%of the SCG trees were in conflict with the species tree.Plasmid and nuclear incongruence was also present.Our coalescent simulations indicated that such GTD was mainly a product of ILS.Our hemiplasy risk factor calculations supported that random fixation of ancient polymorphisms in different populations during successive speciation events along the subg.Cyathophora phylogeny may have caused the character transition,as well as the anomalous cpDNA tree.Our study exemplifies how phylogenetic noise can be transformed into evolutionary information for understanding character state transitions along species phylogenies.
基金financially supported by Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation of China(20210302123167)NSFC-Shanxi joint fund for coal-based low carbon(U1610223)Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(2021SX-TD006).
文摘Carbazole is an irreplaceable basic organic chemical raw material and intermediate in industry.The separation of carbazole from anthracene oil by environmental benign solvents is important but still a challenge in chemical engineering.Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a sustainable green separation solvent have been proposed for the separation of carbazole from model anthracene oil.In this research,three quaternary ammonium-based DESs were prepared using ethylene glycol (EG) as hydrogen bond donor and tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC),tetrabutylammonium bromide or choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptors.To explore their extraction performance of carbazole,the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) model was used to predict the activity coefficient at infinite dilution (γ^(∞)) of carbazole in DESs,and the result indicated TBAC:EG (1:2) had the stronger extraction ability for carbazole due to the higher capacity at infinite dilution (C^(∞)) value.Then,the separation performance of these three DESs was evaluated by experiments,and the experimental results were in good agreement with the COSMO-RS prediction results.The TBAC:EG (1:2) was determined as the most promising solvent.Additionally,the extraction conditions of TBAC:EG (1:2) were optimized,and the extraction efficiency,distribution coefficient and selectivity of carbazole could reach up to 85.74%,30.18 and 66.10%,respectively.Moreover,the TBAC:EG (1:2) could be recycled by using environmentally friendly water as antisolvent.In addition,the separation performance of TBAC:EG (1:2) was also evaluated by real crude anthracene,the carbazole was obtained with purity and yield of 85.32%,60.27%,respectively.Lastly,the extraction mechanism was elucidated byσ-profiles and interaction energy analysis.Theoretical calculation results showed that the main driving force for the extraction process was the hydrogen bonding ((N–H...Cl) and van der Waals interactions (C–H...O and C–H...π),which corresponding to the blue and green isosurfaces in IGMH analysis.This work presented a novel method for separating carbazole from crude anthracene oil,and will provide an important reference for the separation of other high value-added products from coal tar.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51761145024)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022KWZ-22)+3 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2023-JC-YB-441)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universitiesthe Fundamental Research Funds of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices(AFMD-KFJJ-21203)The research was made possible by Russian Science Foundation(Project No.23-42-00116).
文摘The increasing awareness of environmental concerns has prompted a surge in the exploration of leadfree,high-power ceramic capacitors.Ongoing efforts to develop leadfree dielectric ceramics with exceptional energystorage performance(ESP)have predominantly relied on multicomponent composite strategies,often accomplished under ultrahigh electric fields.However,this approach poses challenges in insulation and system downsizing due to the necessary working voltage under such conditions.Despite extensive study,bulk ceramics of(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))TiO_(3)(BNT),a prominent lead-free dielectric ceramic family,have seldom achieved a recoverable energy-storage(ES)density(Wrec)exceeding 7 J cm^(−3).This study introduces a novel approach to attain ceramic capacitors with high ESP under moderate electric fields by regulating permittivity based on a linear dielectric model,enhancing insulation quality,and engineering domain structures through chemical formula optimization.The incorporation of SrTiO_(3)(ST)into the BNT matrix is revealed to reduce the dielectric constant,while the addition of Bi(Mg_(2/3)Nb_(1/3))O_(3)(BMN)aids in maintaining polarization.Additionally,the study elucidates the methodology to achieve high ESP at moderate electric fields ranging from 300 to 500 kV cm^(−1).In our optimized composition,0.5(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.4)K_(0.1))TiO_(3)–0.5(2/3ST-1/3BMN)(B-0.5SB)ceramics,we achieved a Wrec of 7.19 J cm^(−3) with an efficiency of 93.8%at 460 kV cm^(−1).Impressively,the B-0.5SB ceramics exhibit remarkable thermal stability between 30 and 140℃ under 365 kV cm^(−1),maintaining a Wrec exceeding 5 J cm^(−3).This study not only establishes the B-0.5SB ceramics as promising candidates for ES materials but also demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing ESP by modifying the dielectric constant under specific electric field conditions.Simultaneously,it provides valuable insights for the future design of ceramic capacitors with high ESP under constraints of limited electric field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201135,52271115,U23A6013,92360301,and U2330203)the 111 Project of China(No.BP2018008)+1 种基金the Shaanxi Province Innovation Team Project,China(No.2024RS-CXTD-58)supported by the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies and by the open research fund of Suzhou Laboratory。
文摘Artificially controlling the solid-state precipitation in aluminum (Al) alloys is an efficient way to achieve well-performed properties,and the microalloying strategy is the most frequently adopted method for such a purpose.In this paper,recent advances in lengthscale-dependent scandium (Sc) microalloying effects in Al-Cu model alloys are reviewed.In coarse-grained Al-Cu alloys,the Sc-aided Cu/Sc/vacancies complexes that act as heterogeneous nuclei and Sc segregation at the θ′-Al_(2)Cu/matrix interface that reduces interfacial energy contribute significantly to θ′precipitation.By grain size refinement to the fine/ultrafine-grained scale,the strongly bonded Cu/Sc/vacancies complexes inhibit Cu and vacancy diffusing toward grain boundaries,promoting the desired intragranular θ′precipitation.At nanocrystalline scale,the applied high strain producing high-density vacancies results in the formation of a large quantity of (Cu Sc,vacancy)-rich atomic complexes with high thermal stability,outstandingly improving the strength/ductility synergy and preventing the intractable low-temperature precipitation.This review recommends the use of microalloying technology to modify the precipitation behaviors toward better combined mechanical properties and thermal stability in Al alloys.
基金This work was supported by the special fund of the State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect(No.SKLIPR2011).
文摘Simulating the total ionizing dose(TID)of an electrical system using transistor-level models can be difficult and expensive,particularly for digital-integrated circuits(ICs).In this study,a method for modeling TID effects in complementary metaloxide semiconductor(CMOS)digital ICs based on the input/output buffer information specification(IBIS)was proposed.The digital IC was first divided into three parts based on its internal structure:the input buffer,output buffer,and functional area.Each of these three parts was separately modeled.Using the IBIS model,the transistor V-I characteristic curves of the buffers were processed,and the physical parameters were extracted and modeled using VHDL-AMS.In the functional area,logic functions were modeled in VHDL according to the data sheet.A golden digital IC model was developed by combining the input buffer,output buffer,and functional area models.Furthermore,the golden ratio was reconstructed based on TID experimental data,enabling the assessment of TID effects on the threshold voltage,carrier mobility,and time series of the digital IC.TID experiments were conducted using a CMOS non-inverting multiplexer,NC7SZ157,and the results were compared with the simulation results,which showed that the relative errors were less than 2%at each dose point.This confirms the practicality and accuracy of the proposed modeling method.The TID effect model for digital ICs developed using this modeling technique includes both the logical function of the IC and changes in electrical properties and functional degradation impacted by TID,which has potential applications in the design of radiation-hardening tolerance in digital ICs.
基金supported by the Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-BRP-017086,KFJ-BRP-017-65)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2021370)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200363,32370498)Chengdu Municipal Park City Construction and Management Bureau。
文摘In the present study,we propose the synonymization of Kurixalus silvaenaias with Kurixalus qionglaiensis.This conclusion is based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis of a series of newly collected specimens,as well as the type series of both nomenclatures.The publication dates of the two species were determined according to the related articles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.Of note,the ZooBank registrations for both species are invalid.Consequently,the publication of K.silvaenaias does not qualify as a published work and the correct publication date of K.qionglaiensis should be the date on which it was physically printed.Furthermore,based on the results presented in this study and its original description,the proposal of K.inexpectatus is deemed untenable and should,therefore,be considered a junior synonym of K.idiootocus.We further provide suggestions for the authors,editors,and publishers who are working on taxonomic publications,as well as for ZooBank to improve the registering service.
基金supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(grant No.32025029)Shanghai Education Committee Scientific Research Innovation Project(grant No.2101070007800120)+1 种基金Clinical research project in health industry of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(202240379)the Development Fund for Shanghai Talents(grant No.2021077).
文摘Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.However,information on stroke-related tongue coating microbiome(TCM)is limited,and whether TCM modulation could benefit for stroke prevention and rehabilitation is unknown.Here,TCM from stroke patients(SP)was characterized using molecular techniques.The occurrence of stroke resulted in TCM dysbiosis with significantly reduced species richness and diversity.The abundance of Prevotella,Leptotrichia,Actinomyces,Alloprevotella,Haemophilus,and TM7_[G-1]were greatly reduced,but common infection Streptococcus and Pseudomonas were remarkably increased.Furthermore,an antioxidative probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113 was used for TCM intervention in stroke rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).AR113 partly restored I/R induced change of TCM and gut microbiota with significantly improved neurological deficit,relieved histopathologic change,increased activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased contents of oxidative stress biomarkers.Moreover,the gene expression of antioxidant-related proteins and apoptosis-related factors heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1),and Bcl-2 was significantly increased,but cytochrome C,cleaved caspase-3,and Bax were markedly decreased in the brain by AR113 treatment.The results suggested that AR113 could ameliorate cerebral I/R injury through antioxidation and anti-apoptosis pathways,and AR113 intervention of TCM may have the application potential for stroke prevention and control.
基金the Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Health Commission in 2021(#AHWJ2021b109 to LS)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(#KJZD-K201900402 to TZ)+1 种基金Special Fund for Wannan Medical College Scholar Project(#WK2021F07)Educational Commission of Anhui Province of China(2022AH051241).
文摘The role of lncRNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1(KCNQ1OT1)in colon cancer involves various tumorigenic processes and has been studed widely.However,the mechanism by which it promotes colon cancer remains unclear.Retrovirnl vector pSEB61 was retroftted in established HCT116 siKCN and SW480-siKCN cells to silence KCNQ1 OT1.Cellular proliferation was measured using CCK8 assay,and flow cytometry(FCM)detected cell cydle changes.RNA sequencing(RNA Seq)analysis showed differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to analyze enriched functions and signaling pathways.RT-qPCR,immunofluorescence,and western blotting were carried out to validate downstream gene expressions.The effects of tumorigenesis were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice by tumor xenografts.Our data revealed that the silencing of KONQ1OT1 in HCT116 and SW480 cells slowed cell growth and decreased the number of cells in the G2/M phase.RNA-Seq analysis showed the data of DEGs enriched in various GO and KEGG pathways such as DNA replication and cell cyde.RT qPCR,immunofluorescence,and western blotting confirmed downstream CCNE2 and PCNA gene expressions.HCT116 siKCN cells signifcantly suppressed tumorigenesis in BALB/c nude mice.Our study suggests that lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Projects Initiative(2013ZX09508104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473191)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of LW-AFC,a new formula of the main active components extracted fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on treatment of Alzheimer disease(AD) in mouse models.METHODS After treatment LW-AFC,mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments.Neuron loss,amyloid-β(Αβ) deposition,and Αβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining,immunofluorescence,and an Alpha LISA assay,respectively.Multiplex bead analysis,a radioimmunoassay,immunochemiluminometry,and an ELISA were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels.Lymphocyte subsets were detected using flow cytometry.RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1 mice,including the impairment of object recognition memory,spatial learning and memory,and active and passive avoidance.In addition,LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus,suppressed Αβ deposition in the brain,and reduced the concentration of Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice.LW-AFC treatment also significantly decreased the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus,and adrenocorticotropic hormone,luteinizing hormone,and follicle-stimulating hormone in the pituitary.Moreover,LW-AFC increased CD8+CD28+T cells,and reduced CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+T cells in the spleen lymphocytes,down-regulated interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-23,granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor,and tumor necrosis factor-α and-β,and up-regulated IL-4 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the plasma of APP/PS1 mice.CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of APP/PS1 transgenic micevia the restoration of the NIM network to a greater extent than either memantineor donepezil,which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project(2013ZX09508104,2012ZX09301003-002-001)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC,a new formula derived fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice,a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease(AD),and identify the specific intestinal microbiota correlating with cognitive ability.METHODS Morris-water maze test,novel object recognition test and shuttle-box test were conducted to observe the ability of learning and memory.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing(Illumina,San Diego,CA,USA)was employed to investigate gut microbiota.RESULTS The treatment of LW-AFC improved cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice,including spatial learning and memory ability,active avoidance response,and object recognition memory capability.Our data indicated that there were significantly 8 increased and 12 decreased operational taxonomic units(OTUs)in the gut microbiota of SAMP8 mice compared with senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1(SAMR1) strains,the control of SAMP8 mice.The treatment of LW-AFC altered 22(16 increased and 6 decreased)OTUs in SAMP8 mice and among them,15 OTUs could be reversed by LW-AFC treatment resulting in a microbial composition similar to that of SAMR1 mice.We further showed that there were7(3 negative and 4 positive correlation)OTUs significantly correlated with all the three types of cognitive abilities,at the order level,including Bacteroidales,Clostridiales,Desulfovibrionales,CW040,and two unclassified orders.LW-AFC had influences on bacterial taxa correlated with the abilities of learning and memory in SAMP8 mice and restored them to SAMR1 mice.CONCLUSION The effects of LW-AFC on improving cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice might be via modulating intestinal microbiome and LW-AFC could be used as a potential anti-AD agent.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Projects Initiative(2013ZX09508104) National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473191)
文摘OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease(AD),the most common cause of dementia among older people,could not be prevented,halted,or reversed up till now.A large body of pharmacological study has revealed that Liuwei Dihuang(LW) possesses potential therapeutic effects on AD.LW-AFC is key fractions fromLW.In the present study,we investigated the effect of LW-AFC on AD mouse models.METHODS PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9(APP/PS1) mice and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain(SAMP8),classic AD animal models,were employed.After the treatment of LW-AFC,mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments.Neuron loss,amyloid-β(Αβ)deposition,and Αβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining,immunofluorescence,and an AlphaLISA assay,respectively.Multiplex bead analysis,a radioimmunoassay,immunochemiluminometry,and an ELISA were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels.Lymphocyte subsets were detected using fl ow cytometry.RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice,including the impairment of object recognition memory,spatial learning and memory,and active and passive avoidance.In addition,LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus,suppressed amyloid-β(Αβ) deposition in the brain,and reduced the concentration of Aβ1-42 in the hippo.campus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice.LW-AFC treatment also significantly restored the imbalance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal(HPG) axis,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes,corrected the disorder of lymphocyte subsets,and regulated the abnormal production of cytokine in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice.Effects of LW-AFC on pharmacodynamics and neuroendocrine immunomodulation network in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice were better than meman.tine and donepezil.CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of AD mouse models via the restoration of the NIM network,which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.
基金supported by Chinese National Technology Major Project of New Drug Development (2012ZX09301003-002-001 2013ZX09508104)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanisms of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(LW) on cognition in PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9(APP/PS1) transgenic mice.METHODS LW was adminis.trated with oral for 3 months.The locomotor activity test was performed to investigate the spontaneous motor activity of mice.The Morris water maze test and shuttle box test were performed to investigate the spatial learning and memory and active avoidance response respectively.The Αβ deposits and neuron loss in the hippocampus was detected by immunofluorescence staining and nissl staining respectively.The flow cytometry was employed to investigate the lymphocyte subsets of the mice.The 3 H-thymidine incorporation was performed to investigate the splenocytes proliferation.RESULTS The treatment of LW ameliorated the impairments of spatial learning and memory and active and passive avoidance in APP/PS1 mice.The administration of LW alleviated neuron loss in the brain,suppressed amyloid-β(Αβ) deposits in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.The treatment of LW significantly increased ConAand LPS-induced proliferation of splenocytes,increased CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells in the spleen lymphocytes and reduced Gr1+ cells in APP/PS1 mice.CONCLUSION This data indicated the adminis.tration of LW ameliorated behavioral and pathological deterioration via regulating immune function.
文摘The large dual-channel wide-bodied aircraft has a long range and a high cruise Mach number.Therefore,its aerodynamic design requires a high level ofwind tunnel test refinement.Based on the requirements of aerodynamic design for the future wide-bodied aircraft and the characteristics of high-speed wind tunnel tests,the error theory is introduced to analyze the factors affecting the accuracy of the test data.This study carries out a series of research on the improvement of refined aerodynamic test technology in an FL-26 wind tunnel,including design and optimization of the support system of wide-bodied aircraft,model attitude angle measurement,Mach number control accuracy,measurement and control system stability,test data correction and perfection,high-precision force balance and standard model development.In addition,the effect of the standard specification of the refined aerodynamic test is investigated to improve the data quality.The research findings have been applied in the standard model test and subsequent models of wide-bodied aircraft.The results show that whenMach numbers are less than 0.9,the control accuracy of Mach numbers in the FL-26 wind tunnel is smaller than 0.001 and the measurement error of attack angle is smaller than 0.01°.Therefore,it has the ability to correct the data influenced by factors,such as support/wall interference,model deformation,floating resistance and airflow deflection angle.The repeatability accuracy of the standard model’s comparison test shows that the lift coefficient is less than or equal to 0.0012,the drag coefficient is less than or equal to 0.00004,pitching moment coefficient is less than or equal to 0.0004.The bending resolution of the model’s deformation measurement is less than 0.2 mm,and the tensional deformation is smaller than 0.04°.The revised aerodynamic data and model deformation measurement results have good agreement with that of the ETW wind tunnel.The results demonstrate that the improved technology presented in this paper can significantly enhance the refined aerodynamic test of wide-bodied aircraft.